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1.4 研究方法與技術路徑

1.4.1 研究中的關鍵問題

1.對合作型人力資源管理和組織績效的測量問題

本書的系列研究涉及諸多變量的測量,其中,員工的創新績效、工作滿意度、離職意愿、組織內社會網絡等變量的測量都非常成熟。但是,合作型人力資源管理的測量量表需要自行編制。因此,我們需要通過理論文獻、深度訪談等途徑獲得合作型人力資源管理實踐的條目,然后編制測量問卷,并進行信度和效度的檢驗。另外,對企業績效的測量至關重要,可以說直接決定了本研究的研究質量和研究成果可能發表的期刊層次。在本研究中,我們采用人力資源投入的利潤回報率(return on personnel expense, ROP)作為客觀的企業績效指標。在實踐中,該指標的計算方法是ROP=有效凈利潤/薪酬總額。ROP是一個兼顧人力資源管理的投入和產出的指標,而且近年來在IT等高科技行業得到了廣泛應用。

2.從社會網絡的視角揭示合作型人力資源管理的作用機制

為了全面揭示合作型人力資源管理的作用機制,本研究既檢驗合作型人力資源管理對員工個體績效的跨層面影響,又在組織層面上檢驗合作型人力資源管理對企業績效ROP指標的影響,這種多層面結合的分析方法非常符合戰略性人力資源管理機制研究的發展趨勢。而且,本研究將ROP指標的收集滯后于人力資源管理等相關數據的收集,這種縱向設計進一步增強了合作型人力資源管理和企業績效之間因果關系的檢驗邏輯。

3.通過科學的調查方案的設計和執行獲取高質量的研究數據

同源數據存在顯著的共變性問題,容易得出不同變量相關性的結論,因此在管理研究中意義不大。在本課題中,不同關鍵變量的數據來源于不同的調查對象,同一變量的數據也盡量采用多來源。比如,企業人力資源管理狀況的數據同時來源于人力資源經理和員工;員工組織內社會網絡的數據來源于員工,同時要求每家企業中接受調查的員工人數不能低于一定的百分比,以便在必要的時候聚合到組織層面;員工的創新績效數據由直接主管來評價;企業績效的數據同時采用ROP客觀數據和主觀評價,并且企業績效數據的收集滯后于人力資源管理數據的收集,以克服橫截面數據不足等缺陷。由于研究者每年都和中關村IT人才協會開展合作調查,這種調查設計在最近兩年中都已經實現,具備操作上的可行性。

1.4.2 總體方法與技術路徑

在本研究中,我們采用了文獻研究、深度訪談、案例研究、問卷調查和定量分析相結合的方法。

首先,本書對國內外主要研究文獻進行梳理,包括對合作型人力資源管理、社會網絡等方面的文獻進行綜述和評論,對合作型人力資源管理、員工組織內社會網絡等關鍵變量進行概念界定和內涵闡述。然后,本書通過文獻研究、深度訪談和開放式問卷調查等手段完成對合作型人力資源管理的條目收集工作,對收集到的條目進行匯總和篩選,并分兩個研究小組對條目進行分析和理論歸類,編制預測問卷。在完成問卷初步編制后,我們將開展試調查,采用總體相關性分析、探索性因子分析等方法來對條目進行進一步的篩選,并最終通過驗證性因子分析來檢驗最終量表的效度和模型的擬合優度。

本書還采用了深度訪談的方法,深入樣本企業調研,對訪談資料進行編碼和內容分析,了解合作型人力資源管理在企業管理實踐中的具體表現、實施效果及其對員工和企業績效的影響機制。通過訪談,我們還可以深入了解合作型人力資源管理在中國企業中的應用現狀和問題所在,以便能夠有針對性地提出對策建議,增強本書對管理實踐的指導意義。

為了揭示合作型人力資源管理對員工和組織績效的作用機制,我們主要使用問卷調查和定量研究的方法。我們將設計科學合理的調查方案,注意數據來源的多層面和多角度(multi-level, multi-source)。本研究中,合作型人力資源管理的數據來源于人力資源經理,員工組織內社會網絡、工作滿意度、組織承諾、離職意向、工作投入、創新行為數據來源于員工,企業績效數據來源于客觀的財務績效。同時本研究采用縱向設計,至少收集T+1的企業績效數據。完成數據收集后利用SPSS, AMOS, HLM等統計軟件,進行數據的聚合檢驗、跨層面分析和路徑分析等,驗證本書的研究模型和理論假設。

本書系列研究的技術路徑圖如圖1—2所示。

02

圖1—2 本書相關研究的技術路徑圖

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