第四節(jié) 字?jǐn)?shù)限制

一、考點(diǎn)介紹

雅思閱讀考試填空題的答案一般都有字?jǐn)?shù)方面的限制，答案超出字?jǐn)?shù)要求是不能得分的。因此，快速瀏覽題目要求是避免失誤、取得高分的關(guān)鍵。

二、真題示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 12 Test 5 READING PASSAGE 2 Questions 16 and 17）

【真題回顧】

READING PASSAGE 2

COLLECTING AS A HOBBY

Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities, and it's one that many of us psychologists find fascinating Many forms of collecting have been dignified with a technical name: an archtophilist collects teddy bears, a philatelist collects postage stamps, and a deltiologist collects postcards. Amassing hundreds or even thousands of postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever, takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to much more productive use. And yet there are millions of collectors around the world. Why do they do it?

There are the people who collect because they want to make money—this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting; that is, collecting as a means to an end. They'll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit. But there may well be a psychological element, too—buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of triumph. And as selling online is so easy, more and more people are joining in.

Many collectors collect to develop their social life, attending meetings of a group of collectors and exchanging information on items. This is a variant on joining a bridge club or a gym, and similarly brings them into contact with like-minded people.

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

16 Collectors' clubs provide opportunities to share …………………… .

答案：information

關(guān)鍵詞：share

定位句：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一行：Many collectors collect to develop their social life, attending meetings of a group of collectors and exchanging information on items．很多收藏者通過(guò)收藏拓展他們的社會(huì)生活，參加一群收藏者的會(huì)議并且交換關(guān)于物品的信息。

解 析：定位句中的exchanging和空格前的share是同義替換，答案就是information。

考 點(diǎn)：字?jǐn)?shù)限制。題目要求只填1個(gè)詞，如果考生沒(méi)有注意答題要求中的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，直接把答案寫成了information on items，就是錯(cuò)誤的。

17 Collectors' clubs offer…………………… with people who have similar interests.

答案：meetings或contact

關(guān)鍵詞：offer、with people

定位句：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段：Many collectors collect to develop their social life, attending meetings of a group of collectors and exchanging information on items. This is a variant on joining a bridge club or a gym, and similarly brings them into contact with like-minded people．很多收藏者通過(guò)收藏拓展他們的社會(huì)生活，參加一群收藏者的會(huì)議并且交換關(guān)于物品的信息。這是加入橋牌社或健身館的一種變體，同樣能使他們接觸到志趣相同的人。

解 析：定位句中的a group of collectors、brings分別和題目中的with people、offer是同義替換，答案就是meetings或contact。

考 點(diǎn)：字?jǐn)?shù)限制。題目要求只填1個(gè)詞，如果考生沒(méi)有注意答題要求中的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，直接把答案寫成了them into contact，就是錯(cuò)誤的。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 1 READING PASSAGE 1 Question 8）

【真題回顧】

READING PASSAGE 1

William Henry Perkin

The man who invented synthetic dyes

Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?

答案：(the/only) rich

關(guān)鍵詞：what group、the colour purple

定位句：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三行：Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it．實(shí)際上，從蝸牛身上提取的紫色顏料曾經(jīng)非常昂貴，在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)，只有富人才能買得起。

解 析：定位句中的the purple colour和題目中的the colour purple是同義替換，題目問(wèn)的是what group，定位句說(shuō)的是only the rich，題目要求填寫不超過(guò)2個(gè)詞，所以答案可以寫rich、the rich或only rich中的任何一個(gè)。

考 點(diǎn)：字?jǐn)?shù)限制。如果沒(méi)有注意題目要求中的字?jǐn)?shù)限制而把答案寫成了only the rich，就是錯(cuò)的。

Example 3（Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 READING PASSAGE 1 Question 10）

【真題回顧】

READING PASSAGE 1

The life and work of Marie Curie

During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irene, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as“Little Curies”, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers. In 1918 the Radium Institute, whose staff Irene had joined, began to operate in earnest, and became a centre for nuclear physics and chemistry. Marie Curie, now at the highest point of her fame and, from 1922, a member of the Academy of Medicine, researched the chemistry of radioactive substances and their medical applications.

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

Marie and Irene Curie developed X-radiography which was used as a medical technique for 10..................... .

答案：soldiers

關(guān)鍵詞：Marie、Irene Curie、X-radiography、used as a medical technique for

定位句：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一行：During World WarⅠ, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irene, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as“Little Curies”, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers．在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，在女兒Irene的幫助下，Marie Curie投身于開(kāi)發(fā)X射線照相技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，其中包括被稱為“小個(gè)子居里”的治療負(fù)傷士兵的移動(dòng)設(shè)備。

解 析：定位句中的used for the treatment of和題目中的used as a medical technique for是同義替換，答案就是soldiers。

考 點(diǎn)：字?jǐn)?shù)限制。題目要求只填1個(gè)詞，如果考生沒(méi)有注意答題要求中的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，直接把答案寫成了wounded soldiers，就是錯(cuò)誤的。