- 記錄人類文明的那些美文（環球時代美文讀本）
- 吳中東 宮玉波
- 775字
- 2020-08-20 09:57:22
05 Geological Science:Earth's Crust
—Aluminum
地礦學：關于鋁礦石的種類及鋁的冶煉
導讀
鋁礦石主要有一水硬鋁石、一水軟鋁石和三水鋁石。這些都是煉鋁的礦石。鋁礬土（aluminous soil; bauxite）又稱礬土或鋁土礦，主要成分是氧化鋁，系含有雜質的水合氧化鋁，是一種土狀礦物。白色或灰白色，因含鐵而呈褐黃或淺紅色，不透明，質脆。極難熔化。不溶于水，能溶于硫酸、氫氧化鈉溶液。主要用于煉鋁，制耐火材料。本文主要介紹了關于鋁礦石的種類及鋁的冶煉。
Eight percent of the Earth's crust is aluminum, and there are hundreds of aluminum-bearing minerals and vast quantities of the rocks that contain them. The best aluminum ore is bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous minerals, more or less impure, in which aluminum is present as hydrated oxides. Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum. Alumina also occurs naturally as the mineral corundum, but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum. Most of the many abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are silicates, and, like all silicate minerals, they are refractory, resistant to analysis, and extremely difficult to process. The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them.
地球地殼的85%是鋁元素。地球上有好幾百種含鋁的礦物，以及大量含有鋁礦物的巖石。最好的鋁礬礦石是鋁礬土，鋁礬土是多少有點不純的鋁礦物聚成巖，鋁元素以水合氧化物的形式存在其中。鋁礬土是所有大量鋁質巖中存量最豐富的。鋁礬土提供氧化鋁，這是生產鋁所必需的中間產品。氧化鋁也天然存在于礦石剛玉中，但是目前還沒有發現有高純度的巨大的剛玉礦床，因而不是制鋁的實際來源。許多含鋁豐富的非鋁礬土礦石，其中大多數是硅酸鹽。像所有硅酸鹽礦石那樣，這些硅酸鹽鋁礦石耐熔解，難分解，加工非常困難。因此，硅酸鹽鋁礦石一般不適用做鋁礬土的替代物，因為從中提取氧化鋁需要更多的能源。
Sentence Translation
句子翻譯
1. The best aluminum ore is bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous minerals, more or less impure, in which aluminum is present as hydrated oxides.
2. Alumina also occurs naturally as the mineral corundum, but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum.
Key
1．最好的鋁礬礦石是鋁礬土，鋁礬土是多少有點不純的鋁礦物聚成巖，鋁元素以水合氧化物的形式存在其中。
2．氧化鋁也天然存在于礦石剛玉中，但是目前還沒有發現有高純度的巨大的剛玉礦床，因而不是制鋁的實際來源。