It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.
During the 1950's and 1960's, the primary economic development strategy of local governments in Europe was to attract manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, this strategy was usually implemented at another community's expense...
In the 1970's the strategy shifted from this zero-sum game (A situation in which a gain by one person or side must be matched by a loss by another person or side) to one called “high-technology development”. Although this approach was preferable to victimizing other geographical areas by taking their jobs, it also had its shortcomings...
Recently, local governments have increasingly come to recognize the advantages of yet a third strategy: the promotion of homegrown small businesses...
文章的邏輯結構可以提煉為:
P1:1950's and 1960's...manufacturing industries...Unfortunately (-)...
P3:Recently...advantages (+): homegrown small businesses
上面的文章對于第一段談到的經濟發展戰略manufacturing industries是負評價,由unfortunately可以看出來;對于第二段談到的經濟發展戰略high-technology development是大負小正評價,由Although...preferable(+), shortcoming(-)可以看出來;對于第三段談到的經濟發展戰略homegrown small businesses是正評價,由advantages可以看出來。了解邏輯關系對于了解閱讀出題重點和快速閱讀法有重要意義。
請看下面的題目:
The author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of hightechnology development?
(A) It encourages the modernization of existing manufacturing facilities
(B) It promotes healthy competition between rival industries
(C) It encourages the growth of related industries
(D) It takes full advantage of the existing workforce
(E) It does not advantage one local workforce at the expense of another
【解析】根據題干high-technology development定位到文章第二段,根據題干advantage定位到文中Although this approach was preferable to victimizing other geographical areas(盡管這種方法優于犧牲其他地理區域),即高科技是不犧牲其他地理區域的。故,答案選(E)。
Conventional wisdom has it that large deficits in the United States budget cause interest rates to rise. Two main arguments are given for this claim. According to the first, as the defici increases, the government will borrow more to make up for the ensuing shortage of funds. Consequently, it is argued, if both the total supply of credit (money available for borrowing) and the amount of credit sought by nongovernment borrowers remain relatively stable, as is often supposed, then the price of credit (the interest rate) will increase. That this is so suggested by the basic economic principle that if supplies of a commodity (here, credit) remain fixed and demand for that commodity increases, its price will also increase. The second argument supposes that the government will tend to finance its deficits by increasing the money supply with insufficie regard for whether there is enough room for economic growth to enable such an increase to occur without causing inflation. It is then argued that financiers will expect the deficit to cause inflat and will raise interest rates, anticipating that because of inflation the money they lend will be worth less when paid back.
文章的邏輯結構可以提煉為:
Conventional wisdom...(老觀點)+first...second..
文中前面談到老觀點的第一個觀點,后面談到老觀點的第二個觀點,根據上面的方法,According to the first...its price will also increas的文字可以簡單瀏覽或直接跳讀。另外,從The second argument...這個長難句也可以看出后面是考查的重點。
Additionally, the human capital theory explains why there was a high concentration of women workers in certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding, by positing that because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupations that could be carried out in the home.(除此之外,人力資本理論解釋了為什么大量女性在某些低技能過多集中,比如weaving,而不是其他的,比如combing和carding,之所以這樣假設是因為女性主要的責任是養育孩子,所以只能從事一些拿回家里做的工作。)
文章的邏輯結構提煉為:
Additionally...certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving...but not in others, such as combing...by positing...because of
請看下面的題目:
The passage suggests that combing and carding differ from weaving in that combing and carding are
(A) low-skill jobs performed primarily by women employees
(B) low-skill jobs that were not performed in the home
(C) low-skill jobs performed by both male and female employees
(D) high-skill jobs performed outside the home
(E ) high-skill jobs performed by both male and female employees
【解析】相信很多考生會認為combing and carding是高技能,這就是主觀造成的。原文women workers in certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding,談到weaving是低技能,多數考生主觀地認為but后面的combing or carding一定就是高技能。事實上but not in others出現了省略成分,補充完整后應該是but not in other low-skill jobs。故,答案選(B)。