第2小時 語感培養與潤色

1．語法精講

（1）觀點看法

在雅思口語考試中，考官會就你自己的看法或你經歷過的事情提出問題。因此，你需要給出你的觀點。比如：

What's your opinion about educational system in China?

What do you think about the importance of sports classes for high school students?

中國考生們在表達個人觀點時還往往只局限于使用I think, in my opinion等。但其實這些說法在外國考官眼里看來已經是“cliché”（陳詞濫調）了，使用它們通常不容易得到高分。那么我們來學習一下表述個人觀點的高分表達方式以及相關用法：

guess 可能很多考生對I think這個詞組的意義并不是非常清楚，其實它更多的是表達一種不確定性，表示不夠肯定的個人觀點。從這個層面來講， guess這個單詞與think的用法幾乎是一樣的，這個詞主要用在I guess，或I am guessing這兩種形式中。

【原創范例】 談論想法

I guess we don't need to be here anymore.

【原創范例】 談論計劃

I am guessing maybe there is a slight change of plan.

reckon 翻譯成中文是“估計”的意思，而在口語當中，它與think, suppose的意思類似。

【原創范例】 談論電影

This movie is a total bust,you reckon?

【原創范例】 談論政府

The government reckons that it may take years to completely stamp out corruption.

figure 作動詞時，表示“因……得出”。同義詞有judge, conclude等。

【原創范例】 談論工作

I figure this might not be the best way to do it.

【原創范例】 談論考試

After three failed attempts,I figure the best way to pass the IELTS test is to practice.

consider 作動詞時，表示“考慮，認為”。它的形容詞considerate表示“為別人考慮的”。

【原創范例】 談論考試

Remaining calm and cool throughout the test is considered important.

【原創范例】 談論規則

The public consider smoking a bad habit.

suspect 表示“懷疑”，在口語中的應用頻率也是非常高的。它的形容詞形式是suspicious。

【原創范例】 談論家庭

She suspects her husband is having an affair for she found a lipstick in the pocket of his jacket.

【原創范例】 談論事情

They are suspicious of the intent of his generous offering.

deem 意思為“認為”，與think類似，可以用作較正式的書面用語。

【原創范例】 談論男女關系

She would set you up with some guy she deemed not good enough to go out with herself.

【原創范例】 談論考試

This movie is deemed totally inappropriate for teenagers.

assume 意思為“假設，假定”。這個詞與suppose用法相似。

【原創范例】 談論愛情

Let's assume you are in love with him.

【原創范例】 談論考試

When the examiner marks your paper,he/she assumes your English is already perfect.

perspective 意思相當于view，表示“觀點”的意思，同義詞有viewpoint等。

【原創范例】 談論老人

From my perspective,the welfare of the elderly people should be fully covered by the government.

【原創范例】 談論考試

From the perspective of students,this examination is way too difficult for them.

judge 意思為“判斷”。這個詞在英語口語中更多的是表示“沒有理由、沒有根據地斷言”，通常帶有貶義。

【原創范例】 談論時尚

Don't judge me.I like the way I dress.

【原創范例】 談論語言學習

Candidates will be judged based on their English proficiency.

speculate 意思為“猜測，推測”，名詞形式是speculation，同義詞有wonder。

【原創范例】 談論經濟

A lot of speculations are going on regarding when the economic crisis will be over.

【原創范例】 談論考試

The students are speculating if the examination is going to be postponed.

believe 本義為“相信”。它跟think的區別就是believe的語氣要比think更加的強烈，換句話說就是更加肯定。

【原創范例】 談論考試

I believe if you go all out,you will stand a good chance of passing the examination.

【原創范例】 談論工作

There is a good reason to believe it will be increasingly harder for university graduates to find a decent job.

（2）細節拓展 ——上下義詞

雅思口語從Part1到Part3都是由一個個的小問題組成的，也就是說每個問題的回答質量都直接影響著我們的分數。而一些初識雅思的學生在口語上遇到的最大障礙之一就是沒話說，每個問題的答案都只有寥寥幾個詞。比如：

Q: “Are you working or studying? ”

A: “I am working now.”

Q: “How do you spend your weekends? ”

A: “I spend my weekends reading and watching TV.”

Q: “Do you read a lot in your spare time? ”

A: “Yes, I read a lot in my spare time.”

以上的回答是不是聽起來過于簡短呢？因此，為了避免這樣的情況，我們在日常生活中可以有意識地去積累一些思路拓展的方式，例如通過構思豐富的內容來加長自己回答的篇幅，又或是靈活運用各種句型和連接詞，使得每段內容在邏輯上連接起來。

雅思口語考試的時間實際上非常短，大約在12-15分鐘。為了展示詞匯量和流利程度，我們需要盡可能給出精準的回答，也就是對觀點做出細節的補充。

在絕大多數的句子中，我們都會用到名詞。而名詞其實是有非常多的“文章”可做的。我們在考試中可以通過列舉中心名詞的上下義詞來達到拓長回答的目的。所謂上義詞就是一個大類別，而下義詞則是其中的小類。比如vegetable是lettuce, radish和cabbage等詞的上義詞。一般我們可以對答案中所涉及的名詞做相應的下義詞拓展。所有類型的考題都可以以這種方式處理。我們可能用到的結構有：

【真題回放】 Do you read a lot in your spare time?

【原創范例】 Yes,I read a wide variety of books,such as novels,comic books and non-fictional books.

通常Yes/No的問題中都隱含著多個問題。永遠都不要只回答“是”或“不是”。比如在這里其中隱含的問題就是What books do you read？或者說What kind of books do you read？

【真題回放】 Do you like taking photos?

【原創范例】 Yes,I take photos to record special events like weddings,festival celebration and birthdays.

對于這種Yes/No的問題，最常見的一種隱含問法就是Why...，所以別等考官問，我們要及時追加。至于原因的拓展，我們在后面的內容中會詳細論述。

【真題回放】 Where do you usually relax?

【原創范例】 I usually relax anywhere quiet,whether at my home,in a café or in a library.

在這里范例對anywhere quiet這個大概念做了拓展，用到了whether...or...的結構。

【真題回放】 Who do you want to celebrate your birthday with?

【原創范例】 I want to celebrate my birthday with lots of people, from my closest friends to my beloved relatives.

對于people這樣的大概念，我們可以用from...to..．這個結構來拓長句子。

（3）細節拓展——定語從句

定語從句，指一個句子跟在一個名詞或代詞（先行詞）后，起到修飾或限定的作用。除了我們提到的用上下義詞的結構進行句子拓展，Native Speakers常用【定語從句】這樣的語法結構，使句子的意思更加完整、結構更加豐富。

當我們提及一件事物時，后面可用which或that來引出從句。修飾人物，則可用who，談到時間用when，談到在某一地點中發生的一件事情可用where，單純修飾一個地點用that或which。定語從句能對先行詞做進一步描述，也就是我們在這里講到的提供細節性內容。

我們可以通過用從句提升語句的復雜度，從而取得較好的分數。當然每一種方法應用的范圍都是非常廣泛的，并不局限于某一種題型。我們可以將幾種不同的定語從句的形式結合使用來達到更好的效果，在這里給大家詳細地梳理一下。

雅思口語考試的大量題目都是wh問題：

Why...

Why did you choose this school?

What is/are...

What is your favourite magazine?

What do(you)do...

What do people do on weekends?

Where...

Where do you usually relax?

When...

When do you usually draw?

Who...

Who is your closest family member?

比如當我們在回答who..．一類問題時一定會涉及人，也就可以非常順理成章地用who引出定語從句：

【真題回放】Who plants in the gardens in China?

【原創范例】 Planting in the gardens has become one of the most popular activities for those who have enough leisuretime,like the elderly.

大家注意，在這里不僅用到了定語從句，還用到了下義詞拓展法：like the elderly。

【真題回放】Who is your closest family member?

【原創范例】 My closest family member is my older sister,to whom I can always get troubles and worries out of my chest.

接下來我們來看一下where..．類問題的回答：

【真題回放】Where can you eat your favourite food?

【原創范例】 At weekends,I usually go to an Indian restaurant,where I can enjoy my favourite Indian food,such as chicken curry and Indian dessert.

【真題回放】Where is your hometown?

【原創范例】 I was born and raised up in Shanghai,a cosmopolitan city,which is located in the east of China.

在這里，除了用which來引導定語從句之外，還給出了同位語。對于名詞的拓展，同位語的使用也是一種不錯的方法。

when..．類型的回答依然可以應用定語從句：

【真題回放】When did you begin to read newspapers?

【原創范例】 I began to read newspapers about ten years ago when my father subscribed to Xinmin Evening News,which is a daily newspaper in Shanghai.

在這句中一連使用了兩個定語從句，說到時間時用when引出了第一個從句，在對Xinmin Evening News做解釋說明時引出了第二個從句。可見，方法的使用是非常靈活的。

到這里，相信大家對這種拓展方式已經有了一定的了解。需要強調的是這里列出的考題類型并非只能用一種方法來回答，我們要在答題時靈活使用各種方式來達到提高分數的目的。

2．Part 2高分范文

之前我們學習了在雅思口語考試Part 1中【人物類】話題的答題技巧和思路。接下來我們將通過對口語考試Part 2中【人物類】話題的高分范文的分析，來學習相關的高分表達和邏輯思維。

You should say:

who this person is

what he/she did

how you feel about what he/she did

and explain why you think this person is important to you.

Sample Answer:

I'd like to talk about my grandpa who has a great influence on me. I would say he has posed great influences on me throughout my life.

For a start, he taught me to always keep optimistic towards life. Well, he joined army and fought Japanese army at the age of 15 in the World War II for years. War is cruel. He got several bad cuts and wounds on the left shoulder, left arm and back. I knew this fact when I was a primary school student living with my grandparents during summer vacations. When I asked about the cuts and wounds, my grandpa told lots of interesting stories about them. He was a superb storyteller, depicting the stories in an exciting, dramatic fashion. I definitely got obsessed with those stories, but at that moment I didn't have any clue about how tough the life was for an underage guy to live. But he got over it, and he told me that the only belief he held at that time was his steadfast conviction of a happy life after the war. That's exactly what he always tells his offspring, so whenever I got discouraged by my school work or doubted about life, I recalled my grandpa's words—got over it, and moved on.

Another thing that my grandpa influences me most is his spirit of keeping learning new things and keeping pace with the world. Different from a lot of other elders who get used to a typical retired life, my grandpa made efforts to learn to use smart phones and chat with family members via social network applications. It didn't take him long to get a hang of it and when he did, he got to know a lot more about hot issues than his peers do. If you talk to him, you won't feel like talking to an elder person, but to one of your friends at your age. I think it's totally cool and respec☆ul, because, although he learns things much more slowly than we do, he still keeps trying and never gives up. Apart from that, he wouldn't feel abandoned and excluded by the world just because he knows everything up-to-the-minute happening in the world by using smart phones.

From my grandpa, I learnt the optimistic attitude towards life and the desire to try and learn new things. For a young man, when things get screwed up, or we think life has betrayed us, do we really have to give it up and think we are doomed? Thinking about my grandpa, I know the answer is a definite “NO”.

高分表達：

bad cuts 嚴重的傷口

depict 描述，描繪

dramatic 戲劇化的，夸張的

picturesque 生動的，圖畫般的

get obsessed with 著迷，被……所吸引

keep pace with 同……保持同步

social network applications 社交應用

abandoned 被拋棄的

excluded 排除在外的

up-to-the-minute 及時的，最新的

screw up 搞砸了

be doomed 命中注定（失敗）

賞析：

話題圍繞家人展開，既沒有限制家人的性別，也沒有限制家人的年齡，還沒有限制影響的時間，所以此話題難度偏小。既然題目是“great influence”，那么需要考生討論一下這個人對自己的積極影響。雖然題目是描述人為主，但是我們可以結合具體事件來證明TA對你的影響。而且還要重點說明TA是如何影響你的。本題的范文描述了作者的爺爺，并運用了兩個具體事例分別突出爺爺對自己的兩個影響。

Sample Answer:

I want to talk about Miss Wu, a very interesting person who has been my neighbour for almost ten years. After my old neighbour moved out, she moved in with her husband and daughter. It was at that time when I first met her. She came to my home to say hello and gave some cakes to me and my parents. She wore a very big pair of glasses, and her voice sounded like a small kid. Based on my first impression, I guessed she must be a very nice person.

And my guess is right. Miss Wu likes to do volunteering work whenever she is free. She once told me she had been to Tibet and served as a volunteer teacher for nearly one year. As a maths teacher herself, she often helps me to learn maths when I was a high school student. Whenever my parents and I go travelling, she is the one who helps us to take care of our pet dog. Because of her kindness, she has a lot of friends. She sometimes holds parties at her home and invites me there.

The reason why I think she is interesting is that her child-like voice always makes me think she is a little kid. And sometimes her behaviour is also like a child. For example, she likes to play with sands when she is at the seaside. Another interesting thing about Miss Wu is that she is able to speak Russian very fluently. She has been learning this language for about 7 years in order to have a better communication with her Russian husband. They got married in Russia and stayed there for 2 years. Miss Wu sometimes shows me a lot of pictures about her life in Russia, which has inspired my interest in travelling to that country.

高分表達：

move out 搬出

based on 以……為基礎

go travelling 去旅行

child-like 孩子般的，天真爛漫的

move in 搬入，遷入

serve as 擔任，充當，作為

kindness 友好，善良

seaside 海邊

fluently 流利地

賞析：

這道題主要考查對人物的描述。難點在于解釋人物的有趣之處。對此，我們可以從人物外貌和性格方面有趣的地方來展開。如說話的聲音、平時的穿著以及行為舉止可愛。當然，“有趣”絕不僅僅意味著“惹人發笑”，它也有“讓人想要了解更多”的意思。因此，我們也可以用人物身上吸引我們的地方來解釋其有趣之處。

Sample Answer:

Speaking of a happy couple, the first one that pops up into my mind is my university classmates, Jack and Jane. Actually we were all in the same class for 4 years, but at first, they were not familiar at all; they barely ever talked to each other. But as they got to know each other better after joining the same drama club, they started to fall in love. They got married soon after graduation, which was very rare for college couples, who are highly likely to break up after graduation.

You know I always regard them as the model couple because I think they are leading a very happy life. The reason why I think they are happy is that unlike some other couples who got married for 7 years whose relationship may become stale, they both spare no effort to commit to the relationship to make their marriage work. As a result, their relationship is still fresh as new, spending every second together as if their first date. You see they would celebrate every holiday and anniversary together and try to surprise their spouse by giving some novel gifts or finding a new way to celebrate.

Unlike other couples who may just have a romantic dinner together, what they are more likely to do is to go mountain climbing together or go camping on the beach. They try to experience all aspects of life with the other one present. I think it's a really beautiful thing.

Besides, they respect each other and give each other enough personal space. They seldom push their partner or make them accept what they think is true. Even when occasionally a disagreement arises, they would sit down and discuss it rationally rather than ending up in a quarrel.

So till now, for almost 7 years, whenever I chat with one of them and when they talk about the other one, I never hear them complain about each other and see the smile on their face and in their eyes. It's the genuine smile that makes me believe they are truly happy. I would consider myself the happiest person in life if I were half as happy as they are.

高分表達：

pop up 突然出現

barely 幾乎不，極少

regard...as..．將……視作，視為

stale 陳腐的，不新鮮的

spare no effort to 不遺余力

novel 新奇的

rationally 理性地

genuine 真實的，真正的

賞析：

考生在備考的時候需注意，此道口語題的重點在于couple（夫妻），而非家庭。因此考生在談論此話題的時候，可以提到該夫妻有可愛的baby等，但是千萬不要把重心放在描述一家人的相處上。如果加入過多和孩子的互動部分，那么就會偏題為“幸福的家庭”，而非夫妻。此外，考生也需要額外點一下題眼“幸福”。在講原因時，不能一直用論述性的語言去描述，這樣會讓回答顯得比較空洞。一定要拿生活中的實例去論證，如上述例文中的慶祝方式和聚會時作者觀察到的內容。