第二章 記敘文

記敘文難度介于應用文和論說文之間，記敘文的特點是有完整情節，文章中會有具體的時間、人物和地點。在讀記敘文的時候建議大家完整地讀文章，要把握文章所講故事的大概輪廓。記敘文做題時一邊把握文章情節一邊做題即可。記敘文的考題一般都是考細節，我們對于細節題的處理依然遵循“定位—理解—比對”這樣一條思路。細節題一定要注重定位，所以在前面應用文中所訓練的定位能力在這里依然是解題的一個基礎。我們現在以“2007北京C”這篇文章為例來詳細講解一下做記敘文閱讀題的方法。

2007北京C

Lying in the sun on a rock，the cougar（美洲獅）saw Jeb and his son，Tom before they saw it.Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands，making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated，ready to attack Jeb，but ready to forget the whole thing，too.

Jeb let go of his jacket，grasped Tom and held him across his body，making a cross.Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger，and it rose up，ready to move away，but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.

“Tom，no，”shouted his father.

But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.They hit each other in mid-air and both fell.The cougar was on Jeb in a flash，forgetting about Tom，which was what Jeb wanted.

Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance，even with just his fists.As the cougar’s claws（爪子）got into his left shoulder，Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard.The animal howled（吼叫）and put its head back.Jeb followed up with his other fist.Then out of the corner of his eye，Jeb saw Tom.The boy was running back to help his father.

“Knife，Tom，”shouted Jeb.

The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb.The cougar was moving its head in and out，trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.Tom swung with the knife，into the cougar’s back.It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.

The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.

63.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?

A.To get ready to fight. B.To frighten it away.

C.To protect the boy. D.To cool down.

64.What do we know about cougars?

A.They are afraid of noises. B.They hesitate before they hit.

C.They are bigger than we think. D.They like to attack running people.

65.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention?

A.By keeping shouting and hitting. B.By making a wall out of his arms.

C.By throwing himself on the cougar. D.By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes.

66.Which of the following happened first?

A.The cougar jumped from the rock. B.Tom struggled free of his father.

C.Jeb asked Tom to get the knife. D.Jeb held Tom across his body.

核心詞匯及短語

■hesitate

釋義：vi. 躊躇，猶豫；不愿

搭配：hesitate to do sth.做某事很猶豫

例句：Sometimes we over-analyze our next move and hesitate in fear that we may not get it right.

譯文：有時我們過度地分析了下一步情況而產生猶豫，擔心我們可能做不好。

■struggle

釋義：①vi.奮斗，努力；掙扎

搭配：struggle through掙扎著度過（難關）

例句：They had to struggle against all kinds of difficulties.

譯文：他們不得不同各種困境斗爭。

②n.努力，奮斗；競爭

搭配：rough struggle激烈爭奪

例句：Several people were hurt in the struggle.

譯文：在打斗中有幾個人受傷了。

■determined

釋義：①adj.決定了的；堅決的

搭配：be determined to do sth.決意做某事

例句：His enemies are determined to ruin him.

譯文：他的敵人決意要毀了他。

②v.決定；斷定（determine的過去分詞）

例句：What is cool，or valuable，is determined only by the views of others.

譯文：什么是時尚的，什么是有價值的，這只能由他人的意見決定。

■stand a chance

釋義：有希望；有可能

搭配：stand a chance of有……的希望／可能

例句：Grown-ups stand a chance of benefiting from virtual reality technology，too.

譯文：成年人也有希望從虛擬技術中獲益。

■horribly

釋義：adv. 可怕地；非常地

例句：It is horribly stressful to do something you know you’re not good at.

譯文：當你知道你在做你不擅長的事時，你會有非常大的壓力。

難句分析

01 But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar.

【句子主干】But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing

【句法分析】主干為But Tom broke and ran和that’s the last thing構成的并列句，you do with a cougar定語從句修飾thing，thing與從句之間省略了關系詞that，that在從句中做do的賓語，即you do that with a cougar。

【參考譯文】但是湯姆掙脫掉并跑開了，然而這是他最不應該對美洲獅做的事情。

02 The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.

【句子主干】Jeb threw himself on the cougar

【句法分析】The second Tom broke free和just as it jumped from the rock是兩個時間狀語從句；引導詞the second意思是“一……就……”，表明湯姆一掙脫掉，杰布就縱身撲向美洲獅；引導詞just as意思是“正當……的時候”，表明當時美洲獅正從巖石上跳起。

【參考譯文】就在湯姆掙脫掉的一剎那，杰布縱身撲向同時從巖石上跳起的美洲獅。

答案解析

63.【答案】B 【考點】這道題是細節題

【解析】正確選項分析：我們審題的時候找到這道題的定位詞jacket，在讀文章的過程中要注意這個詞。這里與之前應用文的做法有所不同，應用文只要找到這個詞出現的位置就行了，而對于記敘文則要在理解的過程中找到這個詞。我們在第一段中讀到：Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands，making himself look big to the cougar.那么Jeb雙手撐開他的夾克衫就是為了讓自己看起來大一些，這樣可以嚇唬美洲獅。后面這句話印證了這個理解：It worked.The cougar hesitated…這個做法起效了，美洲豹猶豫了。所以B選項正確。

錯誤選項分析：A和D好排除，有同學誤選C，理由是父親這么做最終還是為了保護孩子。這種思維屬于發散思維，是一種不嚴謹的思維方式，我們在英語考試中一定注意不要發散，這里撐開夾克衫直接的原因就是嚇唬美洲獅。

64.【答案】D 【考點】這道題是推理題

【解析】正確選項分析：這道題題干中的名詞cougars文章多次提及，所以定位意義不大。要從選項逐一判斷。讀到第四段第一句：But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.表明Tom在美洲獅面前是不應該跑的，可以推測美洲獅容易攻擊那些跑的人。后面這句話印證了這一點：The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.Tom開始跑的時候，美洲獅就發動了攻擊。

錯誤選項分析：A選項用noises定位，定位到倒數第二段首句：The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.這里并沒有說美洲獅害怕噪音。B選項的來源在第一段中：The cougar hesitated…這并不表明美洲獅都有這個特點，它只是有點嚇到了而已。C選項講美洲獅大小，我們看到第五段第一句：Cougars are not as big as most people think…可知美洲獅沒有人們想的那么大，C選項講反了。

65.【答案】A 【考點】這道題是細節題

【解析】正確選項分析：這道題用“the cougar’s attention”定位，找到倒數第二段第一句：The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.可知A選項正確。

錯誤選項分析：這道題定位準確后可直接選出答案。

66.【答案】D 【考點】這道題是推理題

【解析】正確選項分析：這篇文章讀清楚了就能直接選出答案。不清楚的話，就用選項逐一定位，回原文判斷哪個最先發生。這四個選項的順序是：D—B—A—C。

錯誤選項分析：定位清楚后錯誤答案干擾性不強。

全文翻譯

趴在陽光下的一塊巖石上的美洲獅發現了杰布和他的兒子湯姆，隨后他們也發現了它。杰布趕緊放下背包，然后用雙手扯開身上的夾克，以便讓自己在這只獅子面前看上去強大些。這招奏效了。美洲獅猶豫了，準備攻擊杰布，但又準備干脆放棄。

杰布松開他的夾克，抓起湯姆并將其橫抱在胸前，兩人呈十字形。現在美洲獅的對手看似更加強大，因此它站起來，準備離去；但不幸的是，湯姆受到驚嚇并從杰布懷里掙脫開來。

“湯姆，不要！”他的父親喊道。

但是湯姆掙脫掉并跑開了，然而這是每個人應對美洲獅時最不應做的事。就在湯姆掙脫掉的一剎那，杰布縱身撲向同時從巖石上跳起的美洲獅。他們在半空中相撞，然后雙雙落地。美洲獅瞬間撲到了杰布的身上。它把湯姆忘掉了，這正是杰布想要的。

美洲獅并沒有多數人想的那么強大，一個人只要有決心就有希望打敗它，哪怕赤手空拳。當美洲獅的利爪刺進杰布的左肩時，杰布揮動著他的拳頭，瞄向它的雙眼用力擊打。這野獸吼叫著將頭縮了回去。杰布用另一只拳頭緊跟上去。接著從眼角的余光中，杰布瞥見了湯姆，小家伙正跑回來幫助他的父親了。

“刀，湯姆，”杰布喊道。

小家伙跑向父親的背包，而此時杰布是邊打邊喊，以使美洲獅的注意力遠離湯姆。湯姆拿到刀，然后跑向杰布。美洲獅反復不斷地將自己的頭伸向杰布，試圖突破杰布用他的手臂做成的墻壁。湯姆揮起刀，砍向美洲獅的后背。它悲慘地吼叫著，往深山里逃去。

整個打斗用了約30秒。