第二部分 方法介紹
第一章 應用文
應用文主要包括廣告和通知，這類文章特點是信息量大，但信息點零散。這種體裁主要考查學生定位信息的能力，而對于理解力的考查是其次。
在浩瀚的信息中快速而準確地找到我們所需要的信息是一項基本的閱讀能力，這是在讀中文時大部分同學已經具備了的。比如，我給你一份報紙，說其中有個關于某歌手最近要開演唱會的信息，讓你幫我找出來。你肯定可以很快完成這個任務，你會在報紙中尋找這個歌手的名字，然后找到相關新聞。在英語閱讀的過程中道理是一樣的，只是對英語的陌生感讓我們定位時倍感壓力。
沒關系，讓我們先來把方法理清楚。我們在定位某個信息時，首先要在題干中選好定位詞，選擇定位詞的依據是這個詞最好不會被改寫，題干當中有，到了文章當中還要有。那么什么詞適合當定位詞呢？1.我們優選名詞來定位。我們在題干中最常遇到的詞應該是三類：名詞；動詞；形容詞和副詞。我們應該選擇名詞來定位，因為這三類詞當中，名詞最不容易被改寫，尤其是專有名詞（包括人名、地名和機構名）。2.有些題干中會有數字出現，數字也不易改寫，而且我們對數字會比較敏感。如果有數字，當然也可選其定位。3.如果沒有以上兩者，請注意一定要堅定一個概念：定位是一定要做的。如果題干中有動詞、形容詞或副詞，這些詞也是可以利用的，但要知道在文中它們很可能會被改寫，所以用的話要把這些詞翻譯成中文，用中文概念去定位。4.題干中如果真的沒有定位詞可以用——我們管這種題叫分散定位題，比如題干問“根據文章下面哪個選項正確？”。那我們就只能去看選項，在選項中找定位詞了。找好定位詞以后，我們就回文章尋找，找到這個定位詞，其附近一般就是考點信息。然后我們結合這些信息來一一比對和分析選項，再排除錯誤答案，鎖定正確答案。
這種文章不是每年都考，其語言難度一般不大，屬于高考閱讀中最簡單的一種考法。如果遇到這種文章，一定要爭取做到全對。
下面我們以2007浙江真題C為例，來做一篇應用文的練習：
2007浙江C
Below is a web page from Google.
Olympic—Modern Olympic Games
The complete results archive of summer and winter Olympic games，with winners lists，statistics，national anthems and flags of all countries since 1896.
www.olympic.it/english/home-16k
Environment
Beijing steel plants to run at the lowest level of cost during 2008 Olympics［2007—03—11］.Beijing able to treat 90 pct of waste water［2007—02—05］.Air quality in Beijing has improved over the past six years［2007—02—01］.Green Olympics dream coming true…
en.beijing2008.com/80/67/column211716780.shtml-52k
Beijing Announces Planned Route of Olympic Torch Relay
Beijing announced the 2008 Olympic Games torch relay route and set off the Olympic Games torch on Thursday.…Green Olympics is one of the three concepts of the Beijing Games.…
english.china.com/zhcn/news/sports/110592227/14069663.html-26k
Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”
Environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”，officially announced on Saturday，24September 2005.The symbol，created using a calligraphic art form，is composed of human and tree-like shapes，…
my.opera.com/greenhead/blog/show.dml/92155-18k
Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004
On behalf of BOCOC，Wang Wei，executive vice president of BOCOC，gave a presentation about Green Olympics，introduced the environment protection work of BMC and BOCOC，and answered several questions such as protection of cultural relics…
en.beijing2008.com/84/91/article211929184.shtml-36k
Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia
Who was the founder of the Modern Olympics？In which cities were the modern Olympic Games due to be held／scheduled during the“war years”，i.e.，1916，1940，and 1944？…In which three years of the Modern Olympic Games were…More questions…
www.funtrivia.com/quizzes/sports/olympicgames.html-12k
Official Website of the Olympic Movement
…aimed at young researchers engaged in scholarly research on the Olympic Movement，its history and values，and the impact of the…［Full story］SPORT ACCORD［2005—01—23］…
Ancient Olympic Heritage and Modern Olympic Games in Athens 2004
As put forward in the various official texts，the Olympic symbols of ancient Olympia，the Olympic flame and the Marathon race are bridges between the ancient and the modern Olympic Games，…
www.c2008.org/rendanews/knowledgedetail.asp?id=911-106k
48.When was the environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics made public?
A.On January 23，2005. B.On September 24，2005.
C.On February 5，2007. D.On March 11，2007.
49.Which of the following websites is designed for young researchers interested in the Olympics?
A.Environment.
B.Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004.
C.Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia.
D.Official Website of the Olympic Movement.
50.Which website provides a complete list of the winners in the Olympic Games?
A.Olympic—Modern Olympic Games.
B.Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004.
C.Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”.
D.Ancient Olympic Heritage and Modern Olympic Games in Athens 2004.
51.What do we learn from the above web page?
A.Beijing has made efforts to improve its air quality.
B.The Olympic torch relay route has not been planned.
C.The Olympic flag will be on display in Athens.
D.A quiz on the Olympics will be held in Beijing.
核心詞匯及短語
■set off
釋義：出發；動身；引起；使爆炸
例句：Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse in Connecticut.
譯文：尼科爾斯啟程前往他位于康涅狄格州的偏遠農舍。
■concept
釋義：n.觀念，概念
搭配：marketing concept營銷觀念
例句：She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.
譯文：她補充說包辦婚姻的概念在西方被誤解了。
難句分析
01 On behalf of BOCOC，Wang Wei，executive vice president of BOCOC，gave a presentation about Green Olympics，introduced the environment protection work of BMC and BOCOC，and answered several questions such as protection of cultural relics…
【句子主干】Wang Wei gave a presentation，introduced the environment protection work，and answered several questions.
【句法分析】on behalf of BOCOC做狀語，表示代表某組織；executive vice president of BOCOC為插入語，介紹王偉的身份；about Green Olympics為介詞短語做后置定語，修飾presentation，表明是關于綠色奧運的介紹；of BMC and BOCOC介詞短語做后置定語來修飾work，表明是這兩個機構的工作；such as protection of cultural relics做后置定語，說明是像文物保護之類的問題。
【參考譯文】BOCOC的行政副主席王偉代表該機構介紹了綠色奧運以及BMC和BOCOC的環境保護工作，并回答了幾個像“文物保護”之類的問題。
答案解析
48.【答案】B 【考點】這道題是細節題
【解析】正確選項分析：用題干的名詞environmental symbol回文章定位，找到第四個小標題Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”。答案在這個標題下第一句：Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”，officially announced on Saturday，24September 2005.直接選出B選項。
錯誤選項分析：A、C和D均與此處時間有出入。這種題只要定位準了，錯誤答案干擾性并不強。
49.【答案】D 【考點】這道題是細節題
【解析】正確選項分析：用題干中名詞young researchers回文章定位，定位到倒數第二個小標題下“…aimed at young researchers…”。小標題即為對應的網站，直接可選出D選項。
錯誤選項分析：A、B和C提到的網站均與young researchers無關，干擾性不強。
50.【答案】A 【考點】這道題是細節題
【解析】正確選項分析：用題干中winners回文章定位，找到第一個標題下有with winners lists。第一個小標題即為對應的網站。
錯誤選項分析：B、C和D均與winners無關，干擾性不強。
51.【答案】A 【考點】這道題是主旨題
【解析】正確選項分析：這道題題干中沒有合適的定位詞，為分散定位題，需要用選項回原文比對，逐一判斷正誤。A選項中用“Beijing”＋“air quality”回文章定位，在第二個小標題下可找到Air quality in Beijing has improved over the past six years，可以判斷這個選項正確。
錯誤選項分析：B選項用Olympic torch relay route回文章定位，在第三個小標題下有一句Beijing announced the 2008 Olympic Games torch relay route，可知火炬傳遞線路已經確定，而B選項說路線還沒有計劃好，故錯誤。C選項用Olympic flags回文章定位，找到第一個標題下第一句：The complete results archive of summer and winter Olympic games，with winners lists，statistics，nationalanthems and flags of all countries since 1896.C選項中Athens沒有來源，故錯誤。D選項用quiz回文章定位，找到倒數第三個標題Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia，在這個小標題和內容里都沒有提到D選項中的Beijing，故D錯誤。