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List 04

高頻詞匯篇

007fer=bring,carry

008rect=straight,right

009viv,vit,vig=l ife

010em,empt,ampl=take

詞根 007

fer=bring,carry,表示帶來,拿來

differ

['dIf?(r)]

v.(from).……不 同;

(with).……意見不同

記 [dif-dis-away,fer-bring]dif表“分開”,fer為“帶來”→分開拿,各執己見→v.與……不同;與……意見不同

v.be of d ifferent opin ions;be different

類d ifferent a.不同的,差異的

例 2015.Part[B]

Ways of reading on a train or in bed arelikely to d iffer considerably from read ing in a sem inar room.

在火車上或在床上閱讀很可能會與在會議室里閱讀有極大的區別。

difference

['dIfr?ns]

n.差異;不同;爭執

記 [differ,ence]動詞d iffer的名詞形式→n.差異;不同

n.the qual ity of being unlike or dissim ilar;a variation that deviates from the standard or norm

例 2007.Text 1

in other words,whatever inborn d ifferences two people may exhibit in their abil ities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how welleach person“encodes”the informa-tion.

換句話說,無論兩個人在記憶力方面展現出來多少天生的差異,但這些差異和每個人對信息進行“編碼”的能力相比,就無關緊要了。

indifferent

[In'dIfr?nt]

a.冷漠的,漠不關心的

記 [in-not,different]in表示“沒有”,different不同的→相同還是不同無所謂→a.漠不關心的,冷漠的

a.marked by a lack of interest;showing no care or concern in attitude or action

例 2015.Text 3(2)

in a workplace that’s fundamental ly ind ifferent to yourlife and its mean ing,office speak can hel p you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.

在一個與你生活和其意義從根本上不相關的工作場所,辦公室語言能幫助你認清你和工作是如何關聯的,以及你的工作是如何定義你是誰的。

refer

[rI'fз:(r)]

v.參考;涉及;提到;適用于

記 [re-again,fer-bring]前綴re為“反復”,fer詞根為“帶來”→把某些東西反復拿來看→vt.參考;反復拿來說→vi.提到

v.have to do with or be relevant to;make reference to

類reference n.提及;涉及;參考

refer to涉及,指的是

refer to...as把……當成……

例 2014.完形

As the brain fades,we refer to these occur- rences as“sen ior moments”.

當大腦衰退的時候,我們把這些現象稱為“老年的時刻”。

例 2009.Text 4

40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England____.

[A]were mostly engaged in pol itical activities

[B]were motivated by an illusory prospect

[C]came from different intellectual backgrounds

[D]left few formal records for later reference

譯文文章指出新英格蘭的早期移民____。

[A]大部分從事政治活動

[B]被虛幻的前景所激勵

[C]來自不同的知識背景

[D]幾乎沒有留下可供后人參考的正式記載

offer

['?f?(r)]

v.提供;提議;出現n.出

價;提議;意圖

記 [off-intensive,fer-bring]off(一個元音加兩個輔音)表“加強或去”,fer為“帶來”→去給別人帶來某個東西→v.提議;提供n.提議;意圖

v.make available or accessible,provide or furn ish;present for acceptance or rejection

類offering n.提供;祭品;奉獻物;牲禮

例 2012.Part[C]

Here,Darwin ism seems to offer j ustification for if allhumans share common origins,it seems reasonable to suppose that cu ltural di-versity cou ld also be traced to more con-strained beginn ings.

這里,進化論似乎提供了一個證據,因為如果全人類都分享著共同的起源,似乎有理由認為文化多樣性也可以追溯到更有限的開端。

infer

[In'fз:(r)]

v.推論,推斷

記 [in-inner,fer-bring]in表示“里”,fer為“帶來”→通過內心思考后而帶來想法的行為→v.推斷,推論

v.reason by deduction;establ ish by deduc-tion;concl ude by reason ing

類inference n.推論,推理,推斷

例 2015.Part[B]

You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cl ues.

你推斷的信息是那些你覺得作者是通過向你展示明確的證據和線索來邀請你去把握的內容。

suffer

['s?f?(r)]

v.(from)受痛苦,患病;受損失;遭受;忍受

記 [suf-sub-down,fer-bring]suf表“下面”,fer為“帶來”→帶到“下面”讓人受苦→v.受痛苦,患病;遭受

v.undergo or be subjected to;put up with something or somebody unpleasant

類suffering n.身體或心靈的痛苦,苦難;

各種苦惱

例 2014.Text 4(2)

37.It can be learned that affordable housing has____.

[A]increased its home supply

[B]offered spending opportun ities

[C]suffered government biases

[D]disappointed the government

譯文從文中可知,經濟適用房____。

[A]增加了家庭住房供應量

[B]提供了支出機會

[C]遭到了政府部門的歧視

[D]使政府部門失望

例 2014.Part[C]

One cou ld interpret much of the work of Bee- thoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renderslife worth living.

我們可以用這種方式來解讀貝多芬大部分的作品:痛苦是不可避免的,但是戰勝痛苦的勇氣使得生活變得有價值。

confer

[k?n'fз:(r)]

v.給予;授予,頒給(勛

銜,學位等)

記 [con,fer]con前綴,表示all,together,詞根fer表示“帶來”→把全部的問題帶來,放到桌面上討論→vi.商討;畢業典禮上,校長把學位證和畢業證一起帶來給你→vt.授予,頒給

v.have a conference in order to tal k some-thing over;present

類conference n.(正式)會議;討論,商談

international conference國際會議

press conference記者招待會

例 2007.Text 1

What m ight account for th is strange phenom-enon?Here are a few guesses:a)certain astrolog icalsigns confer superior soccer skil ls;b)w inter-born bab ies tend to have higher oxygen capac ity,wh ich increases soccer stam ina;c)soccer-mad parents are morelikely to conceive ch ildren in spring-time,at the annualpeak of soccer man ia;d)none of the above.

該如何解釋這個奇怪的現象呢?這里有幾種猜測:a)某些星座可以給予球員優秀的足球技能;b)冬天出身的孩子容易有更高的血氧容量,這會增加他們在踢足球時的耐力;c)瘋狂熱愛足球的父母更可能在每年足球狂熱巔峰的春天懷孕;d)以上猜想都不是。

transfer

[tr?ns'fз:(r)]

['tr?ns?з:(r)]

vt./n.轉移;轉換;轉

讓;過戶;遷移;改乘

記 [trans-through,fer-bring]trans表“越過”,fer為“帶來”→把東西拿過去→

vt./n.轉移;轉換

v.move from one p lace to another/n.the act of moving someth ing from one location to another

類transferab le a.可 轉 讓 的;可 流 通的;可傳遞的

例 2011.Part[B]

But the key idea beh ind professional ization,argues Mr.Menand,is that“the know ledge and skil ls needed for a particu lar spec ial iza-tion are transm issib le but not transferab le”.

但梅南先生認為,專業化背后的關鍵理念是“某一詳細的專業化所需的知識和技能是可以傳播的,但不可轉讓”。

interfere

['Int?'fI?(r)]

vi.干預;調停;妨礙

記 [inter-among,fer-take,e]inter表“之間”,fer為“拿”→把兩個人之間的矛盾拿走→vi.干預;調停;妨礙

類interference n.干涉,介入;阻礙,干擾

prefer

[prI'fз:(r)]

v.更喜歡,寧愿

記 [pre-ahead,fer]前綴pre為“提前”,fer詞根為“拿”→提前拿→v.更喜歡,寧愿

v.like better;value more h igh ly;select as an alternative;choose instead

短 prefer to do...rather than do...寧愿做……而不做……

prefer A to B寧要……不要……

類 preferred a.首選的

preference n.較喜歡的東西,偏愛;優

待,優惠,優先權

例 2010.Part[B]

The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out.

消費者對于外出就餐越來越多的偏愛是第一也是更重要的一種趨勢。

preferable

['prefr?bl]

a.更好的,更可取的

記 [prefer,able]prefer表“更喜歡”,able表“能夠”→讓人能更喜歡的→a.更好的,更可取的

a.more desirable than another

例 2007.Part[C]

While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journal ists to rely on their own notions of sign ificance and make their own j udgments.

盡管律師給出的評論和反饋可能會提高新聞報道的質量,但更可取的是,記者還是應該依靠自己對于重要性的認識自行做出判斷。

fertile

['fз:taIl]

a.肥沃的;多產的

記 [fert-fer-bring,ile-a.]fert為“帶來”,ile表形容詞→能夠帶來糧食的→a.肥沃的

a.marked by great fru itfulness;capable of reproducing

類fertil ity n.肥沃;多產

fertil ize v.施肥

fertil izer n.肥料,化肥

deference

['de??r?ns]

n.順從(defer+ence)

記 [de-壞,fer-bring,ence-n.]bring帶來,de壞→帶來一些壞的東西,強制讓你接受,變名詞→n.順從

n.a d isposition or tendency to yield to the will of others

詞根008

rect=straight,right,表示“.,.”

direction

[d?'rek?n]

n.方向,方位;指令;說明

記 [di-dis-away,rect-right/straight,ion-n.]direct為“直接的,徑直的”,變成了名詞→徑直的方向→n.方位,方向;direct還有“指導”的意思,變成名詞→n.指令,說明

n.the spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves

短 in every d irection向四面八方

clockwise d irection順時針方向

例 2009.Part[B]

Historical particu larism,which emphasizedthe un iqueness of all cu ltures,gave new direction to anthropology.

強調了各種文化獨特性的歷史特殊主義理論為人類學指明了新的方向。

right

[raIt]

a.右的;正確的n.權利,正義

ad.在右邊;正確地

記 必備托兒所詞匯(沒法講了),形容詞為“正確的”,名詞為“正義和權利”

a.correct in opinion or judgment/n.anything in accord with principles of justice

短 excl usive right專有權

human right人權

copy right版權

例 2014.Part[C]

He was not interested in dailypol itics,but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.

他對日常的政治活動并不感興趣,而是關注道德行為的問題和更大的、影響整個社會是非對錯的問題。

correct

[k?'rekt]

a.正確的,對的;合適的,符

合的vt.改正,糾正

記 [cor-all/together,rect-right]co+輔音意思表“所有”,rect詞根為“正、直”的意思→全都正確的,正正好好的→a.正確的;全都變正確→vt.改正,糾正

v.correct in opin ion or judgment;alter or regu late so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard

類incorrectly ad.不正確地,錯誤地

例 2008.Part[B]

Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

許多優秀的作家根本不用提綱,而是邊寫邊發現文章結構。不要試圖一上來就寫出完美的初稿。

direct

[d?'rekt]

a./ad.直接的,直的,

徑直的vt.管理,指揮vi.指導

記 [di-dis-away,rect-right/straight]di前綴為“分開”,rect為“直”的意思→把東西分開排成直線→a.直的;排成直線,指引到正確的方向→v.管理,指導

v.command with authority/a.having no interven ing persons,agents,conditions

類 directly ad.直接地,徑直地;馬上,立即

directory n.人名地址錄,(電話)號碼簿

近straightforward a.正直的,坦率的;老

實的;簡單的;易懂的

例 2010.Text 4(2)

In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

在直接民主中,公民輪流管理他們自己,而不是選取代表為他們執政。

solid

['s?lId]

a.固體的;結實的,穩固的,可靠的n.固體

記 [sol,id]sol詞根意思為“一”,后面加形容詞后綴-id→單一的→聯想,一個國家有一個政黨統治才是穩固的→a.固體的;結實的,穩固的,可靠的;名詞意思為“固體”

a.uninterrupted in space;having no gaps or breaks

director

[d?'rekt?(r)]

n.指導者,主任,導演

記 [direct,or-人]direct動詞為“指導,管理”,加上名詞后綴(人)→n.指導者,主任

n.someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show

executive director執行董事

finance director財務經理

personnel director人事主管

例 2011.Text 1

The decision of the New York Phil harmon ic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the tal k of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his ap-pointment in 2009.

紐約愛樂樂團決定請艾倫·吉爾伯特擔任其下一任音樂總監,自2009年突然宣布這個消息以來,這個任命就在古典音樂界引起熱烈的議論。

liquid

['lIkwId]

n.液體a.液體的,液態的

記 字母l和字母i長得很像,把字母i上面的點想象成一個下降的水滴,后面的qu想象成漢字“去”→水滴向下去,后面加上形容詞后綴-id→流水的→a.液體的

a.existing as or having characteristics of a liquid;especially tending to flow

類illiqu id a.非流動的

liquor n.酒;液體

illiquidity n.[金融]非流動性,流動性不足

例 2010.Text 4

Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiqu idity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.

現今,他們認為市場價格過度夸大了虧損,因為這些價格主要反映了市場暫時的非流動性,而不能反映壞賬的可能范圍。

rectify

['rektIfaI]

vt.改正

記 [rect-right/straight,ify-vt.]詞根rect為“正”,ify為動詞后綴→使……變正確→vt.改正

vt.make right or correct

rectify econom ic order整頓經濟秩序

rectify market order整頓市場秩序

例 2014.Text 4(2)

The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.

政府支出的全面審查給政府提供了一個去幫助改正的機會。

authentic

[?:'θentIk]

a.真的,真實的;可靠的

記 [auth-author,en-in,tic-a.]前面四個字母,形似“作者”author,en元音替換成in,tic為形容詞→“作者(創始者)”心中的意思,這個消息一定是可靠的→a.可靠的,真實的

a.not counterfeit or copied;conform ing to

fact and therefore worthy of bel ief

近trustworthy,genu ine

類 author作者,著作家

authority權力;官方;權威

adm in istrative authority行政當局

authority assessment真實性評估

例 2007.Part[B]

Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their cl ique,pop stars and vaunted athletes.

孩子需要一些真實的榜樣,而不是他們小圈子里的成員、明星和自負的運動員。

acid

['?sId]

n.酸,酸性物質a.酸的,酸味的;尖刻的

a.being sour to the taste;having the charac- teristics of an acid

近acute a.劇烈的;敏銳的;成銳角的;

尖的

rectangle

['rekt?ηgl]

n.[.]矩形,長方形

記 [rect-right,angle]前部分詞根為“正”,后部分為“角”→各個角都是直角的型→n.矩形,長方形

類angle n.角,角度v.釣魚;(采用各種方法)取得

erect

[I'rekt]

a.豎立的,直立的,挺立的

vt.使直立;豎起

記 [e-out,rect-right]豎直出來→a.豎立的;動詞是“使東西直立出來”→vt.使直立,豎起

類erection n.直立;建造;建筑物;勃起

詞根 009

viv,vit,vig=life,表示生命

life

[laIf]

n.生命,生存;一生,壽命;生活;生物

n.a characteristic state or mode ofliving;the course of existence of anindividual;the actions and events that occurinliving

類lifetime n.一生,終生

例 2009.Text 4

According to many books and articles,New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding,dominant Puritan traditionin Americanintel-lectuallife.

據許多書籍和文章記載,新英格蘭的領袖們為在美國的知識文化生活中逐漸發展并占據了主導地位的清教傳統建立了基本主題和關注焦點。

living

['lIvIη]

a.活的,有生命的;天然的;逼真的n.生活,生計

記 [liv,ing]live動詞的變形→n.生活,生計

a.活的;有生命的

a.true to life;lifelike/n.the experience of being alive;the course of human events and activities

近livelihood n.生計,生活;營生

2009.Part[C]

Thereis a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others,and the deliberate educating of the young.

通過與別人相處所受到的教育和對年輕人有意識進行的教育,兩者區別明顯。

live

[lIv]

v.活著;生活,居住a.活的;生動的;直播的

記 [live-life]life(生命)的動詞形式live→v.

活著a.活的;實況轉播的

v.lead a certain kind oflife;livein a certain style/a.actual ly being performed at the time of hearing or viewing

類alive a.活著的;存在的;活躍的;(to)敏感的

例 2011.Text 1

There recordings are cheap,available every-where,and very often much higherin artistic quality than today’slive performances;more-over,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of thelistener’s choosing.

這些唱片十分便宜,而且到處都能買到,并且其藝術品質要比現如今的現場音樂會高出很多;而且,“欣賞”唱片的時間和地點還能由聽眾隨意地選擇。

survive

[s?'vaIv]

v.幸 免 于,幸 存;.……

命;存在

記 [sur-over,vive-live]sur表“超過”,viv詞根表live→壽命超過了別人→vt.幸存vi.活下來

v.continue tolive;endure or last;live longer than

類survival n.幸存,生存;幸存者,殘存物

例 2015.Text 1

He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-politi-cal heads of state.

他并未意識到君主制之所以仍然存在,主要是因為他們提供了一種服務:作為無爭議、非政治性的國家元首。

vital

['vaIt?l]

a.生命的,有生氣的;生死攸關的,重大的

記 [vit-life,al-a.]vit表“生命”,al為形容詞→有生命的,關乎生命的→a.有生命的;生死攸關的

類revitalize vt.使恢復元氣,使具有新的活力

例 2011.Text 1

25.Regarding Gilbert’s rolein revitalizing the Phil harmonic,the author feels____.

[A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic

[C]confident [D]puzzled

譯文對于吉爾伯特在復興愛樂樂團上的作用,作者感到____。

[A]懷疑的 [B]熱心的

[C]有信心的 [D]困惑的

vivid

['vIvId]

a.鮮明的;鮮艷的;生動的

記 [viv-life,id-a.]viv詞根表“生命”,id為形容詞后綴→a.生動的;有生氣的

a.evokinglifelikeimages within the mind

例 2005.Text 3

The brainis as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—asitis when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.

匹茲堡大學的埃里克·諾夫辛格博士指出:在快速動眼睡眠階段,也就是夢境最生動的時候,大腦與完全清醒時一樣活躍。

revive

[rI'vaIv]

v.恢復;(.)復蘇

記 [re-again,viv-life,e]re表“再次”,viv為“活”→再次有生命→v.恢復;復蘇

v.give newlife or energy to;cause to regain

consciousness

類revival n.復活;復興;恢復精神

vigorous

['vIg?r?s]

a.朝氣蓬勃的;精力旺盛的

記 [vigor-spirit,ous-a.]vigor表“精力”,ous為形容詞→有活力的→a.朝氣蓬勃的;精力旺盛的

a.characterized by forcefuland energetic ac-tion or activity;strong and active physical ly or mental ly

類vigor n.活力,精力

lively

['laIvli]

a.充滿活力的;活潑的;輕快的

記 [live-v,ly-a.]live表“活著”,ly為形容詞→a.活潑的;充滿活力的

a.full of life and energy;quick and energetic

類liveliness n.活潑;熱烈;鮮明

例 2005.Text 4

While even the modestly educated sought an ele-vated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most wellregarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equal ly,in poetry,the highly per-sonal,performative genreis the only form that could claim realliveliness.in both oral and writ-ten English,talkingis triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.

在20世紀60年代之前,雖然是稍受過教育的人在寫東西時也會力求使用高雅睿智的語言,但在這之后,就算是大受好評的文章也開始追求使用口語化的英語。同樣在詩歌中,只有非常個性化、富有表現力的作品類型才被認為是真正富有活力的。無論是口頭英語還是書面英語,隨意談話勝過正式演講,自然率性也勝過匠心獨運。

詞根 010

em,empt,ampl=take,表示“.,獲得

ample

['?mpl]

a.充分的,富裕的;寬敞的,寬

大的

記 [amp-empt,le-a.]amp理解為empt(元音a替換為e,脫落t)→拿了很多東西→a.充分的;富裕的

a.more than enoughin size or scope or capacity;affording an abundant supply

近abundant a.大量的,充足的

例 2005.Text 1

Such co-operationislikely to be stable on ly when each animal feelsitis not being cheated.Feelings of righteousindignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.

只有當每只猴子都沒有覺得自己被欺騙時,這種合作才有可能持續下去。看來,義憤情緒不是人類的專屬。拒絕接受較少的報酬完全能讓群體中的其他成員很清楚地察覺到這種情緒。

example

[Ig'zα:mpl]

n.例子,實例;模范,榜樣

記 基本單詞,表“例子”→往外拿出來的,當作例子→ampl,em,empt詞根為“拿”

例 2015.Text 1

While Europe’s monarchies willno doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,itis the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

雖然歐洲的君主們毫無疑問足夠聰明,并且還能存活一段時間,但是對于英國王室來說,他們最擔心的就是重蹈西班牙的覆轍。

sample

['sa:mpl]

n.樣品;樣本;例子vt.取

樣;抽樣檢查;嘗試

記 [s-se-away,amp-take,le]s理解為se,表“分開”,amp為“拿”→分開拿出,作為樣本→n.樣本v.取樣

n.a smallpart of somethingintended as representative of the whole/v.take a sample of

例 2009.Text 2

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testingis on ly as good as the reference col-lections to which a sampleis compared.

批評者還聲稱,商業性的基因檢測只是取決于用來與樣本做對比的參考基因數據庫。

prompt

[pr?mpt]

a.敏捷的;迅速的;即刻的

v.激起;促進;推動

記 [pro-forward,ompt-empt]pro往前,ompt理解為“拿”→快速地拿到外面來→a.敏捷的,迅速的v.激起

a.according to schedu le or without delay;characterized by speed and efficiency

類swift a./ad.快的(地);敏捷的

(地)a.立刻的n.雨燕

例 2015.Text 3(2)

The“Mommy Wars”of the 1990s are stil l going on today,prompting arguments about why women still can’t haveit alland books like Sheryl Sandberg’s LeanIn,whose title has become a buzzwordinits own right.

20世紀90年代的“媽媽戰爭”在今天仍然繼續,并且引發了女性為何不能兼顧工作和家庭的討論,還催生了如SherylSandberg《向前一步》這樣的書,而且這本書的標題已經成了一個流行詞。

empty

['emptI]

a.空的;空洞的v.倒空,使成為空的

記 [empt,y]把東西都拿出去→a.空的v.倒空

a.holding or containing nothing;devoid of significance or point

exemplify

[Ig'zemplIfaI]

v.舉例證明;示范;.……的范例

[exemp-example,lify-v.]exemp表“例

子”,ify為動詞→用例子證明→v.舉例證明

v.be characteristic of;clarify by giving an example of

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