2018年12月大學英語四級考試真題精解（第一套）

Part I Writing

【范文評注】

As more and more people flood in big cities, hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer, these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges.¹

Firstly², the growing population adds to the congestion and pollution that already exist in big cities. People have squeezed into space-limited cities, leading to more unnecessary chaos. Secondly², fast-rising housing prices have brought about greater pressure on urban people, seriously lowering their quality of life. Lastly², to make a better living, people are in a rush to get into the office and home, leaving little time to make conversation with other people. In the long term, it would be hard for such cities to become harmonious places as we expect.

Therefore, some thoughtful urban planning is needed to make our cities better and safer places to live in.³ Governments should make more efforts to improve the infrastructure and housing conditions and create enough opportunities for education and employment.⁴

1．首段開宗明義，緊扣話題，指出許多城市居民面臨眾多新的挑戰。

2．分三點闡述生活在大城市所面臨的挑戰體現在哪些方面。

3．結尾段落首先歸納總結，指出需要城市規劃來解決這些挑戰。

4．補充說明政府應采取的措施有哪些，讓論述顯得更加完整。

【譯文】

隨著越來越多的人涌向大城市，希望充分利用大城市所提供的機會，這些不斷擴張的城市中心正在變得不那么宜人，城市居民正在面臨眾多新的挑戰。

首先，不斷擴大的人口使大城市里原本就存在的擁堵和污染問題雪上加霜。人們都紛紛涌入空間有限的城市，導致了更多不必要的混亂。其次，迅速上漲的房價給城市居民帶來了更大的壓力，這嚴重地降低了他們的生活質量。最后，為了更好地謀生，人們匆忙穿梭于辦公室和家之間，沒有多少時間和其他人溝通。從長期來看，這樣的城市很難如我們所期待地那般和諧。

因此，需要一些考慮周全的城市規劃來讓我們的城市變成更好、更安全的居住之地。政府應當做出更大的努力來改善基礎設施和住房條件，并創造足夠多的教育和就業機會。

【要點用法】

【句法點評】

1．As more and more people flood in big cities, hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer, these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges.

本句為一個復合句，主句為these expanding urban centres are becoming less agreeable, and urban people are facing numerous new challenges，句首是由as引導的時間狀語從句，而hoping to make the most of the opportunities they offer是現在分詞短語，充當伴隨狀語，修飾flood in。

2．Lastly, to make a better living, people are in a rush to get into the office and home, leaving little time to make conversation with other people.

本句為簡單句，句子主干是people are in a rush to get into the office and home，前面的不定式短語to make a better living表示目的，而后面的現在分詞短語leaving little time to make conversation with other people則充當are in a rush to get into the office and home的結果狀語。