Abstract

Chuen-Qiou writing style is a theoretical category with the richest Chinese native spirit. It includes what to write （to compose），what not to write （to omit），how to write （to clarify clearly in few diction，to record history in a devious way，narrate tactfully but logically，explicate in a direct way）and what the writing purpose is （punishing evil-doers and encouraging good-doers）. This book for the first time clarifies the progess of Chuen-Qiou writing style when developing from confucius classics ，mature in history ，and then reach the peak in literature. It also illustrates some literary and cultural phenomena appeared in the transition from classics to history，then to literature. The “Five Cases” in Chuen-Qiou prove to be the basic principles of Chuen-Qiou writing style. Its social utility value lies in the moral principles of punishing evil-doers and encouraging good-doers，and its aesthetic value lies in the rhetoric methods of being devious and indirect. Confucius classics，history and literure are the extension of Chuen-Qiou writing style. Confucius classics seek the goodness，history seeks the truth and literature seeks the beauty. Concise and indirect diction are the substantive characteristic of Chuen-Qiou writing style，to the effect of “praising or criticising with one single word”. The relationship between Chuen-Qiou writing syle and poetic history is，for one thing，history is the contents of poetry，that is，The Book of Poetrylost favor and Chuen-Qiouappeared. The Book of Poetryin early time played the role of “history” so as to show “the panaroma of social life”. For another，Poetry is the hearts of history，that is，Chuen-Qiou appeard and The Book of Poetry revived. Chuen-Qiou writing style，which values on concise and indirect diction，is the extension of the writing style and critical view from The Book of Songsinto the history record，then has a clear correspondence with the wring skills of “Fu” “Bi” and “Xing”. Based on the premise that “Chuen-Qiouhas no exact explanation”，Scholars in Han dynasty illustrate the Chuen-Qiou writing style of using sublime words with deep meaning，reveal their critical views in selecting and deleting information，at last reach the Horizon Verschmelzung between scholars and texts，and state the possibility of interpreting the Chuen-Qiou classics and the unlimitedness of such interpretation. Following the rhetoric aspect of Chuen-Qiou writing style to “praise or criticise with one single word”，Sima Qian's style expands into the five style construction，biography，and detail narrative. through the skills of hiding praise and criticisim in different texts and showing approval amd disapproval in author's comments，it becomes the model of later history writing.

As a narrative method，Chuen-Qiou writing style had an important influence on later poetic and novel creation. In poetic creation，Du fu presents a “poetic history” by recording the current affairs with an underlying viewpoint as well as a profound and forceful tone. BaiJuyi considers the thing as it stands，narrates through the characters，illustrates the meaning at the end of texts. Both poets follow the Chuen-Qiou writing style. In essay，Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan also benefit from Chuen-Qiou writing style，their essays are rich in rhetoric but tactful in allegorization. In novel creation，the influence of Chuen-Qiou writing style is shown in three aspects：author and perspective，framework and meaning，rhetoric and skill. The difference between the Chinese and western narratives is that Chinese narrative is in close relationship with its author，all the information and viewpoints involve from the author and the narrative perspective. The framework of Chinese six classic novels can be roughly divided into two kinds，that is Episodic form and Net construction. Both are based on the historical biography，and enable the writers to employ the Chuen-Qiou writing style more consciously. The basic narrative method of ancient novels is Chuen-Qiou writing style. It intends to find big issues with small things，find truth with blurring clues； it shows conservative attitudes with hidden comments，and clear exposure of the historical facts. The general characteristic is to reach rich meanings in concise diction and ctiticism in allegory. If the narrative is compared to a tree，then the author and perspctive is the root，the framework and meaning is the trunk，and the rhetoric and skills are the leaves and flowers，with Chuen-Qiou writing style going all through.

Confucian culture is expressed with a poetic discourse. The images in The Book of Chages ，the metaphors in The Book of Poetry and the writings in The Book of Histoty constitute the three modes of Confucian poetic discourse，in which the image is used to preach，the metaphor to express，the writings to record. The connotation of those images in The Book of Chagesare religional and philosophical，but their languages are literary and symbolic. The Book of Chagescarries on a poetic interpretation of the world by the way of “full meanings in images”，then images become the poetic carrier of the senses of The Book of Chages . The metaphors in The Book of Poetry go through a developing progress from sacred ceremony to political civilization，then to poetics. The metaphor is a symbol in sacred ceremony，a spiritual ballast in political civilization，an all-inclusive discourse in poetics. The writings in The Book of Histoty refer to Chuen-Qiou writing style. Its narrative methods of showing criticism in concise diction are inherited and developed by Tso Chuan ，The Kuo yü，The Book of Histotyand so on，become the basic narrative mehod and criticism category，and form the tradition of Chuen-Qiou writing style in chinese narrative literature. Therefore，Chuen-Qiou writing style，as a mode of discouse in narrative，is the fundenmental characteristic of Chinese narrative literature，and illustrates best the Chinese people's narrative intellegence.

Key words：Chuen-Qiou writing style，writing articles for chronicle，concise and indirect diction，kind satires view，narrative discourse