Word List 1

protest /?pro?test/

【釋】n./v. 抗議 (oral complaint)

【例】The announcement raised a storm of protest.

【近】objection

【形】protester

liberal /?l?b?r?l/

【釋】adj. 自由的，開明的 (wanting or allowing a lot of political and economic freedom and supporting gradual social, political, or religious change)

【形】liberation, liberator

premise /?prem?s/

【釋】n. 房屋及土地 (the buildings and land of)

【例】The business moved to premises in Brompton Road.

【釋】n. 前提 (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn)

【例】The program started from the premise that men and women are on equal terms in this society.

【近】assumption

【釋】v. 預(yù)述 (set forth beforehand, often as an explanation)

【例】He premised these remarks so that his readers might understand.

【近】postulate

virtually /?v??rt?u?li/

【釋】adv. 實(shí)際上 (almost completely)

【例】There is virtually no public transport.

【近】effectively, in effect, all but

【釋】adv. [計(jì)算機(jī)]虛擬地 (by means of virtual reality techniques)

justify /?d??st?fa?/

【釋】v. 是…的正當(dāng)理由 (be reason for)

【例】How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

【形】justifiable, justification

sweep /swi?p/

【釋】v. 打掃

【例】sweep the floor

【近】clean, scrub

【釋】v. 迅速移動(dòng) (move swiftly)

【例】A large black car swept past the open windows.

【近】brush

【釋】v. (風(fēng)、海浪等)卷走 (remove powerfully by pushing)

【例】Many bridges were swept away by the floods.

【近】wipe

【形】sweeping

transition /tr?n?z??n/

【釋】n./v. 轉(zhuǎn)變 (the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another)

【例】There was a significant decline in the size of the business as the company transitioned to an intellectual property company.

【近】transformation, conversion

keen /ki?n/

【釋】adj. 熱切的 (sharp or penetrating, in particular)

【例】Both companies were keen on a merger.

【近】eager, enthusiastic, avid, ardent

【釋】v. 慟哭 (cry out or make sounds to express sorrow)

【例】He tossed back his head and keened.

tendency /?tend?nsi/

【釋】n. 傾向 (an inclination towards a particular characteristic or type of behavior)

【例】his tendency to take the law into his own hands

【近】propensity, proneness, inclination

dedicate /?ded?ke?t/

【釋】v. 致力于

【例】Bessie has dedicated her life to caring for others.

【近】devote

【釋】v. 把…獻(xiàn)給 (inscribe or address by way of compliment)

【例】She dedicated her first album to Woody Allen.

【近】devote, give

tackle /?t?kl/

【釋】v. 應(yīng)對(duì) (accept as a challenge)

【例】The first reason to tackle these problems is to save children’s lives.

【近】handle

【釋】n./v. [橄欖球]阻截 (take the ball away from)

【例】Foley tackled the quarterback.

【釋】n. 器材 (gear consisting of ropes etc.)

【例】fishing tackle

【近】gear, equipment

boost /bu?st/

【釋】n./v. 促進(jìn)，激勵(lì) (help or encourage to increase or improve)

【例】a range of measures to boost tourism

allege /??led?/

【釋】v. 斷言；宣稱 (claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong)

【例】It was alleged that the restaurant discrimi-nated against black customers.

【近】claim, assert, declare, state

jury /?d??ri/

【釋】n. 陪審團(tuán)；裁判委員會(huì) (a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law)

liability /?la???b?l?ti/

【釋】n. 累贅，不利條件 (drawback)

【例】The goalkeeper is a real liability to his team!

【近】hindrance

【釋】n. 負(fù)債 (the amount of money that a person or company owes)

【近】financial obligations

【釋】n. 責(zé)任 (responsibility)

【例】the liability for tax or paying tax

【近】accountability

veteran /?vet?r?n/

【釋】n. 老兵；老手 (someone who has been involved in a particular activity for a long time)

【例】Hilary Clinton is a Washington veteran.

【近】doyen

【反】novice

【釋】adj. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的 (rendered competent through trial and experience)

【例】a veteran diplomat

tender /?tend?r/

【釋】adj. 溫柔的 (showing gentleness and concern or sympathy)

【例】Patients may not receive the tender, loving care once associated with a hospital stay.

【近】gentle, kind

【釋】adj. 幼小的 (young and have not had much experience)

【例】He had become attracted to the game at the tender age of seven.

【釋】adj. 敏感的 (sensitive and painful when it is touched)

【例】Treat any tender points by massaging.

ultimate /??lt?m?t/

【釋】adj. 最終的 (being or happening at the end of a process)

【例】The ultimate aim is to expand the network further.

【近】eventual, final, terminal

【釋】adj. 極度的 (the most extreme and unplea-sant example of a particular thing)

【例】Being removed from his post during operations is the ultimate humiliation for a ship’s captain.

【釋】adj. 極好的 (the best possible example of a particular thing)

【例】Caviar and oysters on ice are generally considered the ultimate luxury foods.

dominant /?dɑ?m?n?nt/

【釋】adj. 占支配地位的 (most important, powerful, or influential)

【例】She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.

【近】supreme, principal

【反】secondary

【釋】adj. (基因)顯性的 (a dominant gene is one that produces a particular characteristic)

【例】Because it is carried by a dominant gene, an affected individual can expect about half of his or her children to inherit the illness.

【釋】n. [音樂]屬音，音階的第五音 (the fifth note of the diatonic scale)

consent /k?n?sent/

【釋】n./v. 同意 (give permission for something to happen)

【近】agreement, acceptance, approval, permission

bonus /?bo?n?s/

【釋】n. 津貼；紅利 (an amount of money added to wages on a seasonal basis)

【近】benefit

【反】disadvantage

【釋】n. 意外收獲

grasp /ɡr?sp/

【釋】n./v. 抓住；控制 (a firm hold or grip; seize and hold firmly)

【例】The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis.

【近】grip, catch, seize

comply /k?m?pla?/

【釋】v. 依從，遵守 (act in accordance with a wish or command)

【例】The commander said that the army would comply with the ceasefire.

【近】abide by, observe, obey, adhere to

【形】compliant, compliance

correspondence /?k??r??spɑ?nd?ns/

【釋】n. 相似 (similarity)

【例】There is a simple correspondence between the distance of a focused object from the eye and the size of its image on the retina.

【近】correlation

【釋】n. 通信 (exchange of letters)

【例】The organization engaged in detailed correspondence with local congressmen.

【近】letters

allocate /??l?ke?t/

【釋】v. 分配；指定

【例】We have allocated this room to you.

【近】assign, distribute, apportion, portion out

【形】allocation

rational /?r??n?l/

【釋】adj. 理性的 (based on or in accordance with reason or logic)

【例】The arrangement presumes that both lenders and borrowers are rational.

【近】logical, sensible, reasonable

【形】ration

probe /pro?b/

【釋】v. 調(diào)查，探測

【例】The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become.

【近】investigate

【釋】n. [醫(yī)學(xué)]探針

【釋】n. 航天探測器

hedge /hed?/

【釋】n. 樹籬 (a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs)

【近】fence, barricade, barrier, wall

【釋】v. 防備，防范 (reduce or eliminate financial risk)

【例】You can hedge against redundancy or illness with insurance.

【釋】v. 回避 (avoid answering a question)

【例】They hedged in answering various questions about the operation.

【用】hedge bets 兩面下注

swell /swel/

【釋】v. (使)膨脹 (make larger)

【例】By the end of this month the size of the mission is expected to swell to 280 people.

【近】expand, distend, inflate

【釋】n. 浪潮 (the regular movement of waves)

【例】the swell of the incoming tide

defect /?di?fekt/

【釋】n. 缺陷 (flaw)

【近】deficiency

【形】defective

array /??re?/

【釋】n./v. (形成)陣列；排列 (display or arrange (things) in a particular way)

【例】There is a vast array of literature on the topic.

【近】range, arrangement

【釋】n. [數(shù)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)]數(shù)組

【釋】n./v. 打扮

【例】He was arrayed in gray flannel.

conservation /?kɑ?ns?r?ve??n/

【釋】n. 保護(hù) (preservation)

【例】She is deeply interested in wildlife conservation.

【近】maintenance

【形】conserve

intervene /??nt?r?vi?n/

【釋】v. 干涉 (come between so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events)

【例】The Government is doing nothing to intervene in the crisis.

【近】intercede

【形】intervention

profound /pr??fa?nd/

【釋】adj. 巨大的 (very great or intense)

【釋】adj. 深刻的

【例】a profound idea

【反】superficial

prejudice /?pred?ud?s/

【釋】n./v. (使抱)偏見；損害

【例】male prejudices about women

【近】bias, discrimination

ideology /?a?di?ɑ?l?d?i/

【釋】n. 意識(shí)形態(tài)；思想體系

【例】The party has to jettison outdated ideology and give up its stranglehold on power.

【近】doctrine, faith, theory

【形】ideological

obscure /?b?skj?r/

【釋】v. 遮掩，隱藏 (keep from being seen)

【例】His face was partially obscured by sunglasses.

【近】conceal

【反】reveal, illuminate, clarify

【釋】adj. 模糊的；復(fù)雜難懂的 (difficult to understand)

【例】The contracts are written in obscure language.

【近】uncertain, unknown, doubtful

【反】clear, obvious, plain, distinct

【形】obscurity

alien /?e?li?n/

【釋】adj. 完全不同的；外鄉(xiāng)的 (belonging to, characteristic of, or constituting another and very different place)

【近】unknown, strange, exotic

【釋】n. 外人；外星人

【釋】v. 轉(zhuǎn)讓，讓渡 (transfer to another)

【例】They will alien the property to the heirs.

【形】alienate

articulate /ɑ?r?t?kjule?t/

【釋】adj. 發(fā)音清晰的 (expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language)

【例】The child was unable to offer an articulate description of what she had witnessed.

【近】effective, persuasive, expressive

【形】articulating

ethical /?eθ?kl/

【釋】adj. 倫理的

【例】an ethical dilemma

【釋】adj. 合乎道德的

【例】Can a profitable business be ethical?

【近】moral

chronic /?krɑ?n?k/

【釋】adj. 慢性的 (persisting for a long time or constantly recurring)

【例】chronic back pain

【近】persistent

【反】acute

【釋】adj. 積習(xí)難改的 (having a habit of long standing)

【例】Anyone who does not believe that smoking is an addiction has never been a chronic smoker.

【近】long-standing

【形】chronicle

stereotype /?steri?ta?p/

【釋】n. 模式化觀念；模式化的人

【例】the stereotype of the rancher

【近】standard image

【釋】v. 對(duì)…形成模式化看法

【例】Women in detective novels are often stereotyped as femmes fatales.

【近】typecast

threshold /?θre?ho?ld/

【釋】n. 門檻

【例】Men were not allowed to cross the threshold.

【近】entrance, entry, door, gate

【釋】n. 界限；臨界點(diǎn) (the level at which sth. starts to happen or have an effect)

【例】He has a low boredom threshold.

【近】verge

【釋】n. 開端 (the point before a new situation, period of life, etc. begins)

【例】She felt as though she was just on the threshold of a new life.

【近】entrance, start, beginning

complement /?kɑ?mpl?ment/

【釋】v. 補(bǔ)充 (add to; supplement)

【例】The team needs players who complement each other.

【形】complementary

competent /?kɑ?mp?t?nt/

【釋】adj. 有能力的 (having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully)

【例】Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.

【近】capable, able, proficient, adept

【形】competence, complacency

complication /?kɑ?mpl??ke??n/

【釋】n. 難題 (problem)

【例】There is a complication concerning ownership of the site.

【近】difficulty

【釋】n. 并發(fā)癥

【近】complexity

marginal /?mɑ?rd??nl/

【釋】adj. 不重要的，微小的

【例】The role of the opposition party proved marginal.

【近】slight, small, tiny, minute, insignificant

【釋】adj. 邊緣的；非主流的 (not part of a main or important group or situation)

【例】The analysts applaud the cuts in marginal businesses, but insist the company must make deeper sacrifices.

【釋】adj. 貧瘠的 ((of land) that cannot produce enough good crops to make a profit)

monopoly /m??nɑ?p?li/

【釋】n. 壟斷 (complete control of something)

【例】The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly.

【形】monopolize

valve /v?lv/

【釋】n. 閥，閥門

【近】gate

【釋】n. 瓣膜

【近】flap

unintelligible /??n?n?tel?d??bl/

【釋】adj. 不可理解的 (impossible to understand)

【例】Dolphin sounds are unintelligible to humans.

epidemic /?ep??dem?k/

【釋】n. 流行病 (a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time)

【近】plague, outbreak

【釋】adj. 流行的，傳染性的

【例】an epidemic outbreak of influenza

chromosome /?kro?m?so?m/

【釋】n. 染色體 (a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order)

【例】Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.

enzyme /?enza?m/

【釋】n. 酶 (a chemical substance founding in living creatures that produces changes in other substances without being changed itself)

variant /?veri?nt/

【釋】n. 變體

【例】There are a number of variants of the same idea.

【近】variation

【釋】adj. 不同的

【例】a variant spelling

【近】alternative

pragmatic /pr?ɡ?m?t?k/

【釋】adj. 務(wù)實(shí)的 (dealing with things sensibly in a way based on practical rather than theoretical considerations)

【例】Robin took a pragmatic look at her situation.

【近】practical

composite /k?m?pɑ?z?t/

【釋】n. 混合物，合成物 (something made by putting together different parts or materials)

【例】Spain is a composite of multifarious traditions and people.

【釋】adj. 復(fù)合的，合成的 (consisting of separate interconnected parts)

【近】compound

mentor /?ment??r/

【釋】n. 導(dǎo)師 (an experienced and trusted adviser)

【近】counselor, trainer, teacher

【釋】v. 指導(dǎo) (advise or train)

【近】guide

peripheral /p??r?f?r?l/

【釋】adj. 外圍的 (situated on the edge)

【例】the peripheral provinces of the country

【近】outlying

【釋】adj. 次要的 (marginal)

【例】This question seems peripheral to me.

【近】secondary

gauge /ɡe?d?/

【釋】v. 測量 (measure exactly)

【例】Home sales provide a useful way of gauging the overall state of the economy.

【近】meter, measure

optimal /?ɑ?pt?m?l/

【釋】adj. 最佳的 (best or most favorable)

【例】physical activity three times a week for optimal health

【形】optimum

singular /?s??ɡj?l?r/

【釋】adj. 非凡的

【近】remarkable, extraordinary, exceptional, outstanding, signal, notable, rare, unique

【釋】n./adj. 單數(shù)(的)

simulate /?s?mjule?t/

【釋】v. 假裝，模擬，模仿 (imitate the appearance or character of)

【例】red ocher intended to simulate blood

【近】pretend, fake, imitate

affirm /??f??rm/

【釋】v. 確認(rèn)；斷言 (state as a fact)

【例】Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.

【近】declare, state, assert, proclaim

【形】affirmation, affirmative

susceptible /s??sept?bl/

【釋】adj. 善感的，易受影響的 (easily influenced or affected)

【例】Police officers here are very susceptible to corruption.

【近】sensitive, responsive

【反】immune, resistant

【釋】adj. 容許(某種行為)的 (permitting an action to be performed; capable of undergoing something)

【例】a disease susceptible to treatment

【近】open to, receptive to

【反】skeptical

【形】susceptibility

paradox /?p?r?dɑ?ks/

【釋】n. 悖論

【釋】n. 矛盾的人或事 (a person or situation that is strange because they have features or qualities that do not normally exist together)

【例】We get this apparent paradox of people migrating to an area that has very high unemployment.

【近】contradiction, puzzle, mystery

contour /?kɑ?nt?r/

【釋】n. 輪廓 (general shape or outline of an object)

【例】He has the contour of a huge body builder.

【近】silhouette, profile

substitution /?s?bst??tu??n/

【釋】n. 代替 (something used as replacement)

【例】If there are no substitution parameters, enter only one quote.

【近】exchange, replacement

converge /k?n?v??rd?/

【釋】v. 使匯聚 (come together: meet)

【例】The two roads converge in the center of town.

【近】intersect

【反】diverge

【形】convergence

discrete /d??skri?t/

【釋】adj. 離散的，不連續(xù)的 (different from each other)

【例】The report is divided into discrete sections.

【近】separate, distinct, individual

【反】attached, joined

hawk /h??k/

【釋】n. 鷹

【例】If we hadn’t watched him like a hawk, he would have escaped.

【釋】v. 兜售，叫賣

【例】Oil thieves sometimes hawk stolen gasoline on the side of highways.

facet /?f?s?t/

【釋】n. 側(cè)面 (one of numerous aspects)

【例】Now let’s look at another facet of the problem.

【近】side, aspect, feature, dimension

precipitate /pr??s?p?te?t/

【釋】v. 使沉淀，使落下 (make something fall down)

【例】The truck overturned and precipitated us into the ditch.

【釋】v. 使發(fā)生，促成

【例】His remark precipitated my decision.

【近】hasten

【釋】adj. 倉促的 (done with very great haste)

【例】I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.

transcribe /tr?n?skra?b/

【釋】v. 做筆錄 (put (thoughts, speech, or data) into written or printed form)

【例】She is transcribing, from his dictation, the diaries of Simon Forman.

【近】write down

【釋】v. 改編(樂曲) (rewrite or arrange a piece of music for an instrument or medium other than that originally intended)

【例】He gave up trying to write for the guitar and decided to transcribe the work for piano.

【形】transcription

confound /k?n?fa?nd/

【釋】v. 使困惑 (cause surprise or confusion in (someone))

【近】amaze, astonish

【釋】v. 證明…是錯(cuò)的

【例】This new evidence confounds your theory.

【釋】v. 使混淆 (fail to distinguish; mix up)

【例】Don’t confound fiction and fact.

novice /?nɑ?v?s/

【釋】n. 新手

【例】a five-day course for novices

【近】initiate, apprentice, student

【反】expert, veteran

censor /?sens?r/

【釋】n./v. 審查(員) (examine officially and suppress unacceptable parts of it)

【例】The report was cleared by the American military censors.

【近】inspector

【形】censorship

elastic /??l?st?k/

【釋】adj./n. 有彈性的(帶子)

【例】elastic material

【近】pliant, pliable, supple, plastic

【釋】adj. 靈活的 (able to adjust readily to different conditions)

【例】an elastic interpretation of the rules of boxing

【近】flexible, adaptable, variable

【形】elasticity

watershed /?w??t?r?ed/

【釋】n. 分水嶺；轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)

【例】The meeting has the potential to be a watershed event.

【近】turning point, milestone

【釋】n. 兒童不宜的節(jié)目

parenthesis /p??renθ?s?s/

【釋】n. 圓括號(hào)；插入語

【形】parenthetical

descendant /d??send?nt/

【釋】n. 后裔，子孫

【例】Many people in this area are descendants of German immigrants.

【近】offspring, family, seed

【反】ancestor

senator /?sen?t?r/

【釋】n. 參議員

【形】senatorial

grip /ɡr?p/

【釋】v./n. 抓牢，緊握 (take hold of firmly)

【例】She gripped the rope.

【近】grasp, clutch, clasp

【釋】v. 吸引 (get concentrated on)

【例】The nation is gripped by the dramatic story.

【釋】n. 支配 (power and control)

【例】The president maintains an iron grip on his country.

【用】lose one’s grip 失去自控力

recession /r??se?n/

【釋】n. 衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條 (a period when the economy of a country is doing badly)

【近】depression, slump

【反】boom

prescribe /pr??skra?b/

【釋】v. 規(guī)定 (set down as a rule, law, or directions)

【釋】v. 醫(yī)囑，開藥方

【例】The drug should not be taken unless prescribed by a doctor.

【近】make a prescription

【形】prescription

equity /?ekw?ti/

【釋】n. 公正 (the quality of being fair and impartial)

【例】equity of treatment

【近】fairness, justness

【釋】n. 股本 (value of shares issued)

【近】value

circuit /?s??rk?t/

【釋】n. 電路

【釋】n. 巡回的場所 (a series of places that are visited regularly by a person or group)

scandal /?sk?ndl/

【釋】n. 丑聞 (an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage)

【例】These mothers often abandoned their children because of fear of scandal.

【近】dishonor

【形】scandalous

rumor /?ru?m?r/

【釋】n. 謠言，傳聞 (information considered unreliable)

【例】to spread a rumor

【近】gossip

distress /d??stres/

【釋】n. 痛苦 (pain)

【近】agony, torment

【形】distressed

premium /?pri?mi?m/

【釋】n. 溢價(jià)；保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) (a sum of money that you have to pay for something in addition to the normal cost)

【近】payment, bonus

【釋】adj. 高端的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的 (of a higher than usual quality)

【例】At the premium end of the market, business is booming.

testimony /?test?mo?ni/

【釋】n. 證詞

【例】Smith was in court to hear her testimony.

【近】evidence, statement, declaration, allegation

tragedy /?tr?d??di/

【釋】n. 災(zāi)難；悲劇文學(xué)

【近】disaster, catastrophe, misfortune

【形】tragic

coalition /?ko???l??n/

【釋】n. 聯(lián)盟 (an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty)

【例】The several parties formed a coalition.

【近】union, league

merit /?mer?t/

【釋】n. 價(jià)值 (an advantage or good quality that someone or something has)

【例】I can see very little merit in this approach.

【近】worth, value

【釋】n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn) (the good qualities of someone or something)

【例】He’s not a great writer, though his work does have some literary merit.

【近】quality, credit, distinction, advantage

【反】inferiority, fault, disadvantage

condemn /k?n?dem/

【釋】v. 譴責(zé) (express strong disapproval of)

【例】Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence.

【近】criticize, denounce, blame, rebuke

【反】praise, acclaim

【釋】v. 判處 (declare or judge unfit)

【例】He was condemned to life imprisonment.

【釋】v. 使陷入 (compel or force into a particular state or activity)

【例】Mark was condemned to do most of the work.

【形】condemnation

elegant /?el?ɡ?nt/

【釋】adj. 優(yōu)美的 (pleasingly graceful and stylish in appearance or manner)

【例】an elegant, comfortable house

【近】graceful, sophisticated

cruise /kru?z/

【釋】n./v. 巡航，巡游 (an ocean trip taken for pleasure)

【近】trip, voyage

【釋】n./v. 緩慢行進(jìn) (travel at a moderate speed)

【例】A black and white police car cruised past.

【釋】v. 輕取 (win easily)

【例】Graf looked in awesome form as she cruised to an easy victory.

suspicion /s??sp??n/

【釋】n. 懷疑；預(yù)感 (a feeling or thought that something is possible)

【例】I have a sneaking suspicion that they are going to succeed.

【釋】n. 少許 (a very small amount of)

【例】large blooms of white with a suspicion of pale pink

【形】suspicious

cater /?ke?t?r/

【釋】v. 為…提供飲食 (provide food and drink)

【例】They cater for wedding receptions.

【釋】v. (cater to) 迎合

【例】a resort catering to older travelers

intrigue /?n?tri?ɡ/

【釋】v. 激起興趣 (arouse the curiosity or interest of)

【例】Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

【近】fascinate, arouse

【釋】v. 密謀 (make and carry out secret plans)

【例】She was intriguing with her sister against her mother.

【近】scheme, plot

【釋】n. 陰謀 (a secret plan to harm or cheat someone)

【例】a tale of political intrigue

【形】intrigued, intriguing