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06 It's No Better to Put Your Child Into a Gifted Program

Being in a classroom full of "the best and brightest" students may not help fringe ones, according to new research that 1 popular theory. The study shows that students in a middle school gifted and 2 program perform no better on national tests than a similar group of students who didn't 3 for the program.

"This paper is part of a growing body of literature suggesting that just because you have stronger 4 don't necessarily mean you are going to perform better," says Scott, associate professor of economics and education at Michigan State University.

Gifted and talented programs have grown in 5 , with more than 3 million students now enrolled nationwide.

Using a 6 of more than 14,000 fifth-graders in an urban school district, researchers analyzed students' standardized test scores in math, science, reading, social studies and language arts.

The study 7 a group of children who qualified for a gifted and talented program by 8 meeting a certain threshold based on past academic performance. Their test scores were compared to the students who just missed meeting the threshold—in other words, students who were very similar 9 . The marginal students in the gifted and talented program showed no improvement in test scores over the non-qualifying students in any of the five subjects.

The study also looked at gifted and talented students who were picked in a lottery for a "magnet" program, which emphasizes a more 10 and specialized curriculum.

The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students who won the lottery to the gifted and talented students who lost the lottery and found no significant difference in four of the five subjects: math, reading, social studies and language arts. The magnet students did show improvement in science.

A)academically E)intensive I)popularity M)specimens

B)barely F)motivate J)qualify N)talented

C)contradicts G)objective K)sample O)targeted

D)intellectually H)peers L)socialization

選項分析

[名詞]peers同齡人;同伴 popularity流行,普及 sample樣本,例子 socialization社會化 specimens樣本

[動詞]contradicts與……矛盾 motivate激勵 qualify有資格 targeted把……作為目標

[形容詞]intensive加強的,集中的 objective客觀的 talented有才能的

[副詞]academically學業上 barely僅僅,勉強 intellectually智力上

長難句點睛

The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students who won the lottery to the gifted and talented students who lost the lottery and found no significant difference in four of the five subjects: math, reading, social studies and language arts. (Line 1, Para. 7)

[解析]該句的主干是The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students to the gifted and talented students...and found no difference。兩個students后面各自都被who引導的定語從句修飾,compared...to將兩個students連接起來。found與compared并列作整個句子的謂語。in four of the five subjects修飾difference。

[譯文]研究人員對比了贏得“大彩”的“磁石”項目資優生和沒有贏得“大彩”的資優生在五門學科中的四門:數學、閱讀、社會調查、語言藝術課程的成績,兩者并無顯著區別。

答案精解

1.C contradicts

[快速解題]動詞辨義題。空格前是new research that,空格后是popular theory,可判斷空格所在部分為that引導的定語從句,修飾限定先行詞new research,再結合整個句子的一般現在時時態,可以判斷空格處應填入第三人稱單數形式的動詞,作該定語從句的謂語,符合語法條件的只有contradicts,意為“與……矛盾”,故選C。

2.N talented

[快速解題]形容詞辨義題。空格前是gifted and,空格后是program一詞,由此可判斷空格處應填入一個與gifted“有天賦的”并列的形容詞。只有talented“有才能的”可與gifted在語義上并列,故選N。

3.J qualify

[快速解題]動詞辨義題。分析空格所在句可知,該處是一個由who引導的定語從句,空格處應填入一個動詞與for一起構成定語從句的謂語。備選詞匯中只有qualify符合,qualify for是“合格,有……資格”的意思,故選J。

4.H peers

[快速解題]名詞辨義題。根據空格前的形容詞stronger和空格后的don't可判斷空格處應填入一個名詞。空格所在部分的意思是“……僅僅因為你有更強的______并不意味著你會表現得更好”,代入其他幾個名詞后句意明顯不通,再聯系本文的主旨:在資優班學生并不一定表現更好,可知只有peers“同齡人;同伴”符合此處語境,故選H。

5.I popularity

[快速解題]名詞辨義題。由空格前的介詞in可判斷空格處應填入一個名詞,構成介賓短語。根據空格后with more than 3 million students now enrolled nationwide(目前全國有300多萬學生參加了資優班),可知該段在討論資優班的受歡迎程度,popularity符合文意,故選I。

6.K sample

[快速解題]名詞辨義題。根據空格前的不定冠詞a可判斷空格處應填入一個可數名詞的單數形式。備選詞匯中符合語法條件的名詞只有sample,意為“樣本,例子”,符合此處語境,故選K。

7.O targeted

[快速解題]動詞辨義題。分析空格所在句子的結構和時態可知,空格處應填入一個動詞過去式,作整個句子的謂語。備選詞匯中只有 targeted“把……作為目標”符合此處語境,故選O。

8.B barely

[快速解題]副詞辨義題。根據空格所在句子的結構可知,句中by引導了一個介賓短語,充當整個句子的方式狀語,而介賓短語中的賓語由動名詞短語meeting a certain threshold充當,由此可判斷,空格處應填入一個副詞,修飾動名詞meeting,備選副詞中只有barely“勉強”符合上下文語境,故選B。

9.A academically

[快速解題]副詞辨義題。根據空格前的similar可以判斷,此處空格處應填入一個副詞來修飾形容詞similar。空格所在分句中的students指的是前文中提到的兩類學生,即剛剛達到成績要求的資優生和只差一點就符合資優生要求的學生,由此可知學生們的學習成績不相上下,academically“學業上”符合此處語境,故選A。

10.E intensive

[快速解題]形容詞辨義題。根據空格前的more和空格后的and specialized可判斷,此處應填入一個可以與specialized“專業的”并列的形容詞。intensive“加強的,集中的”符合上下文語境,故選E。

重難點詞匯

fringe[fr?nd?] n.邊緣

associate[??s???ie?t] a.副的;聯合的

threshold[?θre?h??ld] n. 入口;門檻;開始

curriculum[k??r?kj?l?m] n.課程

全文譯文

把孩子放入資優班并不見得好

新調查的發現與流行理論相悖:待在全是“最好、最聰明”學生的班級或許對邊緣學生沒有幫助。研究發現參加資優生項目的中學生的全國考試成績并不比那些“非資優生”的考試成績更好。

“和優秀同齡人一起并不一定意味著你會更成功,表明這一觀點的文獻越來越多,這篇報道只是其中之一而已。”密歇根州立大學經濟和教育副教授斯科特說。

資優生項目近年來大受歡迎,全美現有300多萬名學生參加這種項目。

研究人員采集了14000多份城區五年級學生的樣本并分析了這些學生數學、科學、閱讀、社會調查和語言藝術學科的標準化測驗分數。

此次研究的目標群體是依據以往學習成績剛剛符合某項門檻的項目“資優生”。研究人員把他們的成績與差點就達到這個門檻的學生——換句話說,成績非常相近的學生——的成績進行了比較。在五門學科中任何一門的分數表現上,資優生項目的邊緣學生都沒有比非資優生高。

此次研究還調查了獲得“大彩”參加“磁石”項目的資優生,即課程更集中、更專業的資優生。

研究人員對比了贏得“大彩”的“磁石”項目資優生和沒有贏得“大彩”的資優生在五門學科中的四門:數學、閱讀、社會調查、語言藝術課程的成績,兩者并無顯著區別。不過,“磁石”資優生在科學課程方面的成績確實領先。

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