官术网_书友最值得收藏!

Unit 2 中國文化

考試頻度 ★

總體難度 ★★★★

中國文化模塊是口譯考試中的“中國風”模塊,內容主要涉及介紹中國文化特色的文章。筆者對2003年3月至2005年9月總共24套的中口和高口真題進行了統計,共有3套真題涉及中國文化考點,其考頻為12.5%(一星級考點)。“中國文化”模塊通常出現在中譯英部分,而中國特色的事物歷來是考生在口譯環節難以逾越的一道坎兒,因此難度為四星級。具體考點如下:

實考高頻模塊單詞

戲劇表演

? 京劇 Peking opera

? 京劇人物臉譜 facial/theatrical makeup

傳統節日

? 鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers

? 龍燈舞 dragon lantern dance

? 端午節 Dragon Boat Festival

? 清明節 Tomb-sweeping Festival

? 元宵節 Lantern Festival

? 重陽節 Double Ninth Festival

? 中秋節 Mid-autumn Festival

? 除夕 Lunar New Year's Eve

? 春節 the Spring Festival

? 辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new

? 爆竹 firecracker

? 賞燈 view the lanterns

? 燈謎 lantern riddle

? 廟會 temple fair

? 年夜飯 family reunion dinner (on Lunar New Year's Eve)

? 拜年 pay a New Year call

烹飪

? 菜系 cuisine

? 烹飪方法 cooking techniques

? 大蒜 garlic

? 美食節 gourmet festival

? 色、香、味、形俱全 perfect combination of color, aroma, taste and appearance

? 四大菜系:魯菜、川菜、粵菜、淮揚菜Shandong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Canton /Guangdong cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine

? 風味小吃 local delicacy

? 南淡北咸,東甜西辣the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cuisine, the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine或the light flavor in the south, the salty flavor in the north, the sweet flavor in the east and the spicy flavor in the west

課本高頻模塊單詞

戲劇表演

? 生 male characters

? 旦 female characters

? 凈 "painted-face" characters

? 末 middle-aged male characters

? 丑 clown

? 木偶戲 puppet show

? 獨角戲 monodrama

? 皮影戲 shadow play

? 折子戲 opera highlights

? 戲劇小品 skit

? 啞劇 dumb show

? 單口相聲 monologue comic talk

? 對口相聲 cross comic talk, witty dialogue

? 口技 vocal imitation

? 說書 story-telling

? 雜技 acrobatic performance

? 疊羅漢 making a human pyramid

? 特技 stunt

? 踩高蹺 stilt walk

其他高頻模塊單詞

烹飪

? 刀切 cutting and slicing techniques

? 火候 heat control

? 切片 slicing

? 切條 cutting to strips

? 切絲 shredding

? 切柳 filleting

? 切丁 dicing

? 切碎 mincing

? 磨碎 grinding

? 大/旺/武火 strong heat

? 中火 medium heat

? 小/微/文火 gentle heat

? 宴席酒類(統稱) wine

? 啤酒 beer

? 洋酒 wine

? 黃酒 yellow rice wine

? 白酒 white spirit

? 牛飲 take a swig

? 小酌 take a sip

? 敬酒 propose a toast to

? 紅酒red wine

? 白葡萄酒white wine

藝術及工藝

? 隸書 official script

? 楷書 regular script

? 行書 running script

? 草書 cursive script

? 篆書 seal script

? 石刻碑文 inscriptions on stone tablets

? 版畫 engraving

? 貝雕畫 shell carving picture

? 彩塑 painted sculpture

? 瓷器 porcelain

? 陶器 pottery

? 刺繡 embroidery

? 雕刻 carving

? 宮燈 palace lantern

? 國畫 Chinese painting

? 剪紙 paper-cut

? 木刻畫 wood engraving

? 水墨畫 Chinese brush drawing/ink and wash painting

? 微雕 miniature engraving

口譯課本高頻模板句型

中譯英

1. 中國有句古話是這樣說的:“山不在高,有仙則名;水不在深,有龍則靈。”

(節選自《中口》第304頁)

模板句型1:An ancient Chinese saying goes that/has it that "Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon."

模板句型2:As an ancient Chinese saying goes, "Any mountain can be famous as long as there is an immortal, and any river can be holy as long as there is a dragon."

模板句型精析:這句話是典型的“中國風”的語句。一般來說,中國的成語或古話都用“中國有句古話是這樣說的”這種模塊結構開頭。在這里筆者給大家提供了三種不同的開頭方式,考生須熟練掌握。另外,成語一般不必逐字逐句翻譯,英語習慣先講結果,所以表達時可以轉換順序。句子之間的邏輯關系也是筆者建議考生注意的部分。這里的邏輯關系其實在于“只要”,即“任何山都能夠成名,只要有仙;任何水都能夠神圣,只要有龍”。有了這層邏輯關系,考生便可根據上面所提供的兩個模板句型結構,選擇as long as或者with其中一種枝形結構進行翻譯。總體來說,邏輯關系詞是解決中國成語翻譯的關鍵,也是考生最容易忽略的部分。

2. 對于那些有興趣把書法作為一種藝術形式來研究的人士來說,曲阜孔廟和泰山岱廟里的石碑是必看無疑的。

(節選自《中口》第305頁)

模板句型1:The stelae in Qufu's Confucius Temple and Mount Tai's Dai Temple are undoubtedly/surely visitor's choice for those interested in studying calligraphy as an art form.

模板句型2:The stelae in Qufu's Confucius Temple and Mount Tai's Dai Temple are the destination for visitors who are interested in studying calligraphy as an art form.

模板句型精析:這個句子的難點在于“必看無疑”這個四字格,在考場上這極可能是一個奪命四字格。上面所提供的兩個模板句型采用了不同的處理方法,第一個模板句型將“無疑”直譯為undoubtedly,“無疑”就是“必須”的意思,因此,考生也可將其簡單地譯為surely。除此以外,模板句型2采取更為意譯的譯法。必看無疑的地方,換而言之就是目的地。在旅游場景中,tourist destination就是“游客必經之地”的意思。總體來說,兩個模板句型都采用了轉序法,把句子后半部分結構提前翻譯,而把for引導的介詞結構置后,這種方法在口譯中尤為實用,因為口譯過關的基本要求就是要翻譯出句子結構。

3. 例如農歷五月初五的端午節,人們過端午節是為了紀念被昏君貶官放逐而抱石投江自盡的古代詩人和忠臣屈原。

(節選自《中口》第195頁)

模板句型:The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month is in memory of/in honor of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court.

常見不當譯文:The Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th is to celebrate Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court.

模板句型精析:這又是一句充滿濃郁中國特色的句子。先說時間的翻譯,“農歷”這個詞是個難點,僅僅譯出時間不能達意,有考生甚至會翻成farmer calendar,又是一個貽笑大方的詞。在這里,建議考生采用模板句型中的翻譯模式:on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month。對此,考生還可舉一反三,比如“農歷六月初八”怎么講,等等。連接整個句型結構的模塊詞是“紀念”,這里千萬不要望文生義,像常見不當譯文中那樣翻譯為to celebrate(慶祝;頌揚),否則就與原句意思大相徑庭了。莊重的紀念儀式一般用in memory of或in honor of,這種結構在文化類話題中考得尤為頻繁。除此以外,涉及人文介紹類的譯文,需要先譯人名,之后通過枝形結構引導具體故事情節,這也是考生需要活用的一種結構。

4. 春節的食物比較講究,除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外,人們還要按各自的地方習俗烹制一些傳統菜肴。

(節選自《中口》第196頁)

模板句型:People are usually particular about their food. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people also prepare some traditional cuisine in accordance with/according to their own local customs.

模板句型精析:這是一個并列結構的句子。并列結構分為詞與詞之間的并列以及句子與短語或句子與句子之間的并列。本句屬于后者,因此翻譯時不能簡單地使用and進行連接。這里請各位考生注意模板句型所用的結構性語言,強烈推薦考生熟記并掌握銜接詞in addition to。除此以外,“按……”推薦考生使用in accordance with和according to表達。其他值得關注的地方有:句子開頭采用了增詞法,增加了主語,這樣可以避免在考試中因主語缺失出現句子結構不完整的失誤。

5. 現代中國已享有“烹飪王國”之美譽,精致的烹調藝術盛行全球,中餐烹飪已名列世界頂尖菜系之林。

(節選自《高口》第285頁)

模板句型:Modern China enjoys the reputation as /is crowned as/is lauded as the "kingdom of cuisine". The exquisite Chinese culinary art has prevailed all over the world and Chinese cuisine has ranked among first-class cuisine in the world.

常見不當譯文:Modern China is the "kingdom of cuisine". The exquisite Chinese culinary art is the first of the world and Chinese cuisine is among first-class cuisine in the world.

模板句型精析:本句的重點在于其宣傳部分的措詞。很多考生會如常見不當譯文那樣,用過于平實、簡單的語言進行翻譯,這在考試中很難提高考官的印象分和起評分。因此建議考生加強這方面的模板句型訓練,并能夠對號入座,以便在考試中應對自如。

6. 中餐烹調所用的天然配料,品種繁多,幾無窮盡;烹調方法,亦層出不窮,不可悉數。這些無與倫比的中餐烹飪特點,足以說明中餐館及中餐烹調之所以名揚海外的緣由。

(節選自《高口》第285頁)

模板句型1:The nearly endless/numerous/countless/innumerable variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled/unparalleled in the world, which may very well account for the overseas popularity of Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking.

模板句型2:The nearly endless/numerous/countless/innumerable variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled/unparalleled in the world, which may very well account for the fact that Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking gain popularity abroad.

模板句型精析:該句的第一個特點在于四字格。“品種繁多”、“幾無窮盡”、“層出不窮”、“不可悉數”這些四字格往往令很多考生束手無策。因此,請考生注意將意思進行簡化,其實這些四字格的共同點在于強調數量多。因此,通過使用endless, numerous, countless, innumerable等模塊詞匯,則可以完成前半部分。除此以外,“無與倫比”這個四字格還帶有很強的宣傳性,請學會熟練應用unequaled, unparalleled等詞,做到有備無患。這個句子的第二個特點在于其長度。長句也是目前考試的重要趨勢。通過對比兩種模板句型,我們不難發現,模板句型2通過使用the fact that... 這個同位語從句,將overseas popularity轉化成了gain popularity abroad,這是處理長句時常用的“轉句法”,也值得考生熟練掌握。

7. 色、香、味這三大要素的高品質,只有通過選料、調料、適時烹調、把握火候、裝盤上桌這些微妙步驟的細心協調,才能取得。

(節選自《高口》第285頁)

模板句型:These three essential elements, color, aroma and taste, are achieved through the careful coordination of a series of delicate activities, namely, selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and laying out the food on the plate for the table.

常見不當譯文:These three essential elements, color, aroma and taste, only through the careful coordination of a series of delicate activities, namely, selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and laying out the food on the plate for the table, can be achieved.

模板句型精析:這句話的模塊性體現在前后意群的邏輯關系上。“選料、調料、適時烹調、把握火候、裝盤上桌這些微妙步驟”其實是方式,而“取得高品質”則是最終目的。因此,這句話的邏輯關系是“方式—目的”的關系。如果采用常見不當譯文的譯法,在考試過程中很容易遺漏最后的謂語部分,而這部分恰恰是最為重要的目的。另外,沒有謂語動詞的句子也不能作為句子給分。綜上所述,筆者希望考生學會模板句型的處理方法:先翻譯目的,再翻譯方式,中間用介詞through連接名詞,或者用介詞by連接動名詞。這樣,即使漏譯了部分方式,也不會造成大幅失分。這是非常典型的轉序法,推薦給各位考生學習掌握。

8. 在中國,一桌標準宴席包括四至八個事先制作好的冷盤、八道現做的熱炒、兩道觀賞性大菜(如全魚、乳豬、全雞等),此外還有湯、米飯和點心。

(節選自《高口》第285頁)

參考譯文:A standard Chinese banquet will consist of/contain four to eight prepared cold dishes, eight hot dishes served one at a time, two whole-size showpiece dishes (such as a whole fish, a whole suckling pig or a whole chicken), in addition to/accompanied by soups, steamed rice and pastries.

常見不當譯文:A standard Chinese banquet will include four to eight prepared cold dishes and eight hot dishes served one at a time, and two whole-size showpiece dishes (such as a whole fish, a whole suckling pig or a whole chicken), and soups, steamed rice and pastries.

模板句型精析:這是一個典型的并列結構的句子。有相當一部分考生像常見不當譯文那樣翻譯,大量使用and,造成句子結構非常不正式,且用詞也稍顯貧乏。在這里,筆者推薦給考生一些高頻模塊詞:表示“包括”除了可以用include以外,還可以使用consist of, contain等。如果出現過多并列單詞,in addition to, accompanied by也是很好的切割句子結構的短語。

9. 一個成年人平時在家就餐時,通常只吃兩小碗米飯,或一大碗面條,或幾只饅頭,外加幾個葷素炒菜,而非以菜為主,以米飯或面食為輔。

(節選自《高口》第286頁)

模板句型:At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowl of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, instead of/rather than the other way round.

常見不當譯文:At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowl of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, but not dishes as the staple food, while rice or noodles as the non-staple food.

模板句型精析:這個句子中包含了一層轉折關系。很多考生一聽到“而非”往往會將其譯為but not之類的詞,雖然意思不失實,但語言的結構性欠缺。因此,筆者建議考生將“而非”譯為instead of或rather than,以體現句子語言的結構性。除此以外,模板句型中的the other way round實為對“以菜為主,以米飯或面食為輔”意思的簡化,非常適于處理口譯轉折句。

10. 這一古老的風俗習慣反映了食物在中華文明史上的重要地位:占據餐桌中心位置的是炒菜,而不是鮮花,晚餐的主要話題常常是食物。

(節選自《高口》第286頁)

模板句型:This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization:it is the cooked dishes,rather than flowers,that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table;food is frequently the main topic of dinnertime conversation.

常見不當譯文:This age-old custom shows the important status of food in Chinese civilization:what serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table are cooked dishes, but not flowers;food is frequently the main topic of dinnertime conversation.

模板句型精析:這個句子的第一個特點在于對事物重要性的表達方式,在中文中有“體現……的重要地位”的講法,常見不當譯文的翻譯過于按部就班,有翻譯腔之嫌。比較而言,模板句型采用了“動靜轉換”的翻譯思路,將動詞“體現”用be+ manifestation的方式表達。再遇類似句子,筆者建議考生采用這種正式譯法。句子的第二個特點在于將強調句型和轉折句型綜合使用。關于轉折句型的模塊處理方式,上一句的模板句型精析中已詳細闡述,這里要求考生能和強調句型It is... that... 結合使用。

11. 親朋好友相聚,美酒佳肴相敬,實屬人生之最大快樂也。

(節選自《高口》第286頁)

模板句型1:Fine food and good drink,taken in the company of/shared by good friends,constitute one of our supreme pleasures in life.

模板句型2:It is one of our supreme pleasures in life to share fine food and good drink with our good friends.

模板句型精析:這是一句足以難倒眾多考生的“多主句”。縱觀譯文,我們會發現口試考場對單詞的要求并不是不高。本題翻譯的難點在于如何選擇正確的主語。模板句型1的譯文很清晰地剖析了“親朋好友”和“美酒佳肴”的關系:再怎么樣的饕餮盛宴,總是要被人享用的。因此,選擇后者充當句子主語,并通過分詞結構相串聯,不失為巧妙的譯法。在這里,考生還須掌握constitute一詞,該詞常用于總結。而模板句型2則對整個句子進行了更為宏觀的處理,通過It is... to... 這種形式主語句型,將句子進行換序處理,由此使主意群更突出。考生在考試中應多采用這種譯法。

12. 雖然中國究竟有多少種地方菜系并無定論,但是有關人士認為,中國有魯菜、川菜、粵菜和淮揚菜等四大地方菜系。福建—臺灣菜通常被列為第五種地方菜系。

(節選自《高口》第295頁)

模板句型:Although there is no agreement on the precise number of Chinese regional cuisines, those concerned with such matters agree that the four principal culinary regions are Shandong, Sichuan, Canton (Guangdong) and Yangzhou, with Fujian-Taiwan cuisine most commonly listed as a fifth.

常見不當譯文:Although there is no agreement on the precise number of Chinese regional cuisines, those concerned with such matters agree that the four principal culinary regions are Shandong, Sichuan, Canton (Guangdong) and Yangzhou, and Fujian-Taiwan cuisine is most commonly listed as a fifth.

模板句型精析:這個模塊句子的特點在于將長句按照意群進行合并:“福建—臺灣菜通常被列為第五種地方菜系”是對前面四種菜系的補充說明,因此,這里最合理的處理方式是使用枝形結構。考生需要熟練掌握“with+名詞+分詞(過去分詞或現在分詞)”這種表達方式,與常見不當譯文比較起來,這種模塊處理方式能更簡潔、得體地對長句進行翻譯。

13. 由于地方菜系之間存在著頻頻交覆現象,以及相互借鑒的情況,人們因而認為,區分地方菜系最為簡便的方法是按菜的知名度,而不是按菜的烹調風格或口味進行辨別。

(節選自《高口》第295頁)

模板句型:The frequent overlapping and borrowing that take place among the regional cuisine leads one to the conclusion that they are most conveniently distinguished by their famous dishes, rather than by any prevailing style or taste.

常見不當譯文:As there exists the fact that regional cuisine frequently overlaps and borrows from each other, people think that the most convenient way to distinguish regional cuisine is based on the fame of such cuisine, not on their prevailing style or taste.

模板句型精析:這句話是一個長句。通過對比不難發現,常見不當譯文的翻譯過于冗長,而且充斥著逐字逐句翻譯的痕跡。在實考當中,這種中式英語色彩較重的譯法很難得到理想的分數,因此,筆者不建議考生采用逐字逐句的口譯方法。模板句型總體采用的是“合句法”,但關鍵之處卻在于“轉性法”的運用。overlapping, borrowing和conclusion這三個詞,是由原句中的動詞靈活轉化而成的名詞,而be distinguished by的結構則是動靜轉化的靈活運用。何時使用“轉性法”要基于對意群的理解,以本句為例,通過“由于”和“因而”這兩個關聯詞不難發現前后意群是因果關系,因此本句的核心結構是“名詞+lead to+名詞”,這種結構往往需將前后句子轉化為名詞結構,要借助“轉性法”。

14. 川菜選料范圍大,調味及炊技變化多樣。川菜最大的特點是口味重,以麻辣著稱。

(節選自《高口》第295頁)

模板句型:Sichuan cuisine boasts a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques. Sichuan cuisine is mostly featured/characterized by its heavy taste and is famous for its spicy flavor.

模板句型精析:這個句子可能又會令相當一部分考生折戟考場。第一句的特點是無明顯謂句動詞,但根據整個句子的宣傳語境,添加boast一詞便能化腐朽為神奇。除此以外,be featured/characterized by則對原文進行了“動靜轉換”,也是考生須掌握的宣傳類模塊用詞。

15. 也有人以八個字來歸納這四大菜系的口味特點,即“南淡北咸,東甜西辣”。

(節選自《高口》第295頁)

模板句型1:According to others, the characteristic flavors of China's four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expression: "The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shandong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Yangzhou) cuisine,and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine."

模板句型2:According to others, China's four major cuisines are featured by "the light flavor in the south, the salty flavor in the north, the sweet flavor in the east and the spicy flavor in the west."

模板句型精析:這個句子的難點在“南淡北咸,東甜西辣”這兩個四字格上。上面所提供的兩種譯法都基于對這八個字背景知識的了解。另外,請考生重點關注第2個模板句型,這句話又是通過be featured by這個重點模塊結構擺脫了對原文逐字逐句翻譯的桎梏,可見其在實際口譯中的實用性。

16. 1996年雄偉壯觀的上海博物館新館全面對外開放,共計有11個專館和3個展覽館,開放面積達1萬余平方米。

(節選自《高口》第191頁)

模板句型:The magnificent new Shanghai Museum was open in its entirety to public visitors in 1996,with eleven galleries and three exhibition halls in a space of over 10,000 square meters.

常見不當譯文:The magnificent new Shanghai Museum was open in its entirety to public visitors in 1996. There were eleven galleries and three exhibition halls then, and the opening space reached a space of over 10,000 square meters.

模板句型精析:模板句型和常見不當譯文的優劣顯而易見,兩種譯法所使用的基本詞匯相差無幾,關鍵區別是句子結構。模板句型通過with和in兩個介詞結構,將三個短句渾然天成地糅合成一個長句。這又是一個非常典型的枝形結構句,也體現了介詞的活用。建議考生在練習中注意介詞的運用,這些小詞實際上是最難用也是最實用的結構詞。

17. 上海博物館新館建筑總面積38000平方米,由地下兩層、地上5層構成,建筑高度29. 5米。

(節選自《高口》第191頁)

模板句型:The new site of the Shanghai Museum has a construction space of 38,000 square meters with two floors underground and five floors above the ground with a height of 29. 5 meters.

常見不當譯文:The new site of the Shanghai Museum has a construction space of 38,000 square meters. It is constructed by two floors underground and five floors above the ground, and the building has a height of 29.5 meters.

模板句型精析:兩種譯法最主要的區別依然在于對句子結構處理的方式不同,前者運用介詞對原文進行了靈活處理。本句話翻譯的關鍵在于“建筑高度”一詞,很多考生可能都如常見不當譯文一樣將其直譯出來,其實只要掌握建筑物和高度之間的包容關系,還是可以用with一詞將意思進一步簡化,將短句合為長句的。

18. 這座壯觀的新館將方體基座和巨型圓頂及4個拱形出挑結合起來,象征著傳統文化與時代精神的完美融合。

(節選自《高口》第191頁)

模板句型:This grand new building,structured with a square base and a circular top with four arch-shaped handles erected on it,symbolizes the perfect fusion of China's traditional culture and the spirit of modern times.

模板句型精析:這句話對很多考生來說有一定難度。首先,“結合”一詞未必要用combine來表達,如果對上海博物館的形象有基本了解的話,不妨用structured with這個體現結構介紹的基本模塊短語。其次,對于體現意義的symbolize, fusion等詞,考生也需進行強化訓練,以便能在考場上使用自如。

19. [1]上海博物館南面大門的兩側,聳立著8尊漢白玉雕塑。[2]這是從300多件漢、唐雕塑文物中遴選出8件作品加以仿制放大,[3]每件高近3米,重約20噸,極具莊嚴雄渾之氣。

(節選《高口》第191頁)

模板句型:The southern entrance of the Shanghai Museum is flanked by eight dignified mighty animals in white-marble sculpture, each with a height of close to three meters and a weight of about twenty tons. These eight sculptures were modeled and magnified after the prototypes carefully selected from over 300 stone and bronze sculpture relics of the Han, Northern and Southern, Sui and Tang Dynasties collected in the museum.

模板句型精析:這句話的難度顯而易見。在口譯現場,考生不妨先試著讀懂句子的三個意群(見原句中的標注)。第一個意群是雕塑的位置,第二個意群是雕塑的取源,第三個意群則是對雕塑的形象介紹。這句話非常類似于narration(敘述),因此強烈建議考生如模板句型一樣,轉換敘述順序,把發展歷史滯后翻譯,形成[1]-[3]-[2]的語序。此外,表示位置的模塊詞be flanked by考生也需熟練掌握。

20. 自1949年以來,中國傳統戲劇得到了前所未有的發展,全國各地現有劇團1573個,演員達到86000多名,其中京劇團為135個,京劇演員11000名左右。

(節選自《高口》第217頁)

模板句型:Since 1949,traditional Chinese operas have undergone unprecedented development,with the troupes nationwide totaling 1,573 and performers over 86,000,among which Peking opera troupes number 135 with about 11, 000 performers。

常見不當譯文:Since 1949,traditional Chinese operas have undergone unprecedented development. There are 1,573 troupes nationwide and over 86,000 performers and 135 Peking opera troupes and about 11,000 performers。

模板句型精析:常見不當譯文的問題在于頻繁使用and。整個句子的模塊結構在于組織或機構與個人的關系。模板句型通過介詞、定語從句與分詞結構的串聯,完成了非常正式的翻譯。以此類推,再出現“本公司在全國各地共有20家分支機構,員工超過1000名”等句子時,考生應該能夠妥當處理了吧?此外,“前所未有”一詞,也可通過great等詞進行繞譯。

英譯中

1. On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

(節選自《中口》第136頁)

模板句型:謹代表我在座的所有同事,中國人民獨有的、著稱于世的款待表示感謝

模板句型精析:這個句子是典型的禮儀致辭用語,其句型結構是“on behalf of+代表方”,考生應熟悉致辭的開頭語“我謹代表……”。在政治、經濟類句子中,代表方可能會變為“黨中央、國務院、世貿組織”等機構類模塊單詞,這一類的單詞在經濟、政治模塊中會重點補充。

2. What legacy shall we leave our children? Are they destined to die painfully for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live joyfully because we had the vision to build a new world?

(節選自《中口》第137頁)

模板句型1:我們將留給下一代什么遺產呢?他們注定要痛苦地死于曾肆虐于舊世界的仇恨之中,還是會因為我們曾有締造新世界的遠見而愉快地生活?

模板句型2:我們將留給下一代什么遺產呢?他們注定要痛苦地死于仇恨之中,而這種仇恨曾肆虐于舊世界;抑或他們必將會愉快地生活,這得益于我們曾有締造新世界的遠見。到底是這兩種命運的哪一種呢

模板句型精析:這是一個長句,其邏輯關系是典型的選擇關系。句中所包含的由which所引導的定語從句也是常見的枝形結構。考生可以像模板句型1一樣進行直譯,但問題是枝形結構比較長,考生不易組織語言,容易遺漏內容。因此,建議考生根據模板句型2將which用先行詞hatred代入,完成“破枝譯法”,并在最后用增詞法,即增加句子“這兩種命運到底是哪一種呢?”揭示選擇關系。這種譯法是典型的“破句法”,其優點是使譯文更加符合原文順序,并最終完成順句驅動的翻譯,這種方法在口譯中尤為適用。

全真試題高頻模板句型

中譯英

1. 同有著1000年歷史的陜西戲曲秦腔相比,京劇顯得年輕多了,只有200年的歷史。但是京劇從老劇種中自由廣泛地借鑒,再加上幾代京劇藝人為追求藝術完美而做出的努力,使京劇成了我國最高雅、表現力最強的劇種之一。

(選自高級口譯2003年3月A卷)

模板句型1:Compared with Qin Qiang, the 1000-year-old Shanxi Opera, Peking Opera is a relatively young opera, with a history of only 200 years. But Peking Opera has benefited a lot by borrowing freely and extensively from old operas. This, coupled with the efforts of generations of Peking Opera performers in pursuit of artistic excellence, has made Peking Opera one of the most elegant and the most expressive operas in China.

模板句型2:Compared with Qin Qiang, the 1000-year-old Shanxi Opera, Peking Opera is a relatively young opera, with a history of only 200 years. But Peking Opera has benefited a lot by borrowing freely and extensively from old operas. In addition, generations of Peking Opera performers have made great efforts in pursuit of artistic excellence, all these have made Peking Opera one of the most elegant and the most expressive operas in China.

模板句型精析:這是一個比較結構的句子。比較結構往往采用compared with這一短語,用分詞開道。除此以外,兩個模板句型都通過with將介詞結構后置。另外,“再加上”一詞在這里體現出了句子的并列結構,而且這里不是詞與詞的并列,而是句子與句子的并列。考生須特別注意兩種模板句型中使用的模塊詞。模板句型1通過coupled with將原句的句子結構轉化為詞語結構,是“轉性法”的活用;而模板句型2則通過in addition完成了句子的翻譯。這是兩種不同的處理方法,考生也可在具體長句翻譯中交替使用,以加強表達的豐富性和多樣性。

2. 京劇還贏得了很多外國戲迷的青睞。京劇的另一特色是所謂的臉譜,這使許多外國人著迷。京劇臉譜不同于西方人在化裝舞會上戴的面具,是畫在演員臉上的圖案。京劇臉譜象征著人物的性格,不同的顏色表示不同的性格。例如:黑色代表剛直,白色代表背叛和狡詐,紅色則常用來表示忠誠。

(選自高級口譯2003年3月A卷)

模板句型:Peking Opera is also well received by a lot of overseas fans. Another feature of Peking Opera is what is known as Lian Pu, or theatrical make-up, which many foreigners find most fascinating. Different from the kind of masks Westerners wear at masquerades, Peking Opera Lian Pus are colorful patterns painted on the faces of the performers. Lian Pu is symbolic of the characters, with different colors denoting different characteristics. For instance, black stands for uprightness, white means treachery or deception, and red often signifies loyalty.

常見不當譯文:Peking Opera has been liked by a lot of overseas fans. Another feature of Peking Opera is what is known as Lian Pu, or theatrical make-up, which many foreigners find most fascinating. Peking Opera Lian Pus are different from the kind of masks Westerners wear at masquerades; they are colorful patterns painted on the faces of the performers. Lian Pu shows the characters, with different colors showing different characteristics. For instance, black means uprightness, white means treachery or deception, and red often shows loyalty.

模板句型精析:這個模塊長句中的每個句子都各有特點。第一句話很明顯是典型的宣傳語氣,模塊結構是“贏得……的青睞”,這里推薦被動結構be well received by,使表達更為正式得體。需要指出的是,很多情況下,被動句并不一定翻譯成“被”,往往可翻譯為“受”、“由”或直接譯為主動語態。這個句子可演變為對產品的宣傳,如:本產品贏得了許多客戶的青睞。第二句話是非常典型的“同主句”,這里可以如模板句型一樣,用different from結構開頭,而將主語置中。第三句話是最為重點的模塊句,句中的“象征”、“表示”、“代表”如像常見不當譯文一樣,僅僅用show或mean進行表達,雖然考試中不至于不通過,但詞匯匱乏的弱點也會全然暴露,勢必會影響起評分。因此,將模板句型中所推薦的單詞及詞組用法與各位考生共饗,以期考生能在考試時運用自如。

3. 我很高興有機會向各位朋友介紹中國的烹調。中國人非常重視“吃”。“民以食為天”這句俗語迄今還廣為傳誦。食物可口和營養豐富一直被當作日常生活的基本要素。中國的烹飪文化源遠流長;中國的烹飪文化起始于商周朝,距今約3500年。

(選自高級口譯2004年9月B卷)

模板句型:It gives me great pleasure to have this opportunity to introduce Chinese cuisine to you. Chinese people attach/give great importance to their way of dining. There is an old saying still widely quoted today "Food is the first necessity of the people." Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of everyday life. The Chinese culinary culture enjoys a long history. It can be traced back to/date back to Shang and Zhou dynasties about 3500 years ago.

模板句型精析:這個模塊長句中幾乎每個短句都具有極強的模板性。第一句屬于禮儀致辭,用it作為形式主語開頭的方式相對更為正式得體,考生可以將其作為優選開頭方式。第二句中的“重視”一詞屬于模塊詞匯。很多考生可能會譯為pay attention to,但這個短語只側重意識上的重視,并沒有行為上重視的意味。因此,這里推薦考生使用attach/give great importance to,該短語可廣泛用于政治、經濟等各類題材中。第三句是非常典型的古語或俗語,往往可以運用As an old saying goes等模塊句型。講到傳統文化往往要追根溯源,最后一句話中的“起始于”一詞可譯為date back to或be traced back to。考生在運用時請注意區分主動語態和被動語態,這也是考生在考場上容易犯錯的地方。

4. 在漫長的發展過程中,中國菜逐漸分化為南北兩大口味。一般來說,南方菜講究鮮嫩,用料精選,做工細致。

(節選自高級口譯2004年9月B卷)

模板句型精析:In the long course of the historical development, the Chinese dishes gradually developed into Southern and Northern tastes. In general, the southern dishes lay emphasis on freshness and tenderness. They are careful in selection of material and exquisite in workmanship.

模板句型精析:這句話是對文化發展的進一步闡述,翻譯時需注意用詞精確。比如,“分化”一詞很多考生會只按字面意思翻譯,難以拿捏。在這里,推薦使用develop into,不僅表意準確,而且使用頻率也很高。在介紹南方菜時,出現了“講究”一詞,根據其語境,這里用lay emphasis on是很好的選擇。而翻譯“用料精選,做工細致”時,增添be動詞用“be+ adj.+ in”的結構是不錯的選擇。如果今后考到“產品體積小巧,式樣雅致”等等,大家能否舉一反三呢?

重點例文

原文

皮影戲是中國民間最具特色的藝術形式之一。以前在中國的鄉間,沒有皮影戲劇團就意味著沒有娛樂。特別是在“文革”之后,各地不同流派的皮影戲成為農村婚喪嫁娶、廟會社戲上最重要、同時也是最受歡迎的演出形式。近幾年,隨著老藝人的消失,年輕人的出走,皮影戲漸漸沉默了。各地演出的劇團和藝人無論從數量上,還是從演出場次上,都無法與全盛時期同日而語。

去年,甘肅環縣道情皮影劇團曾為皮影戲申報聯合國非物質文化遺產進京,在北京大學、清華大學等十余所高校表演,受到大學生和外國使節的熱烈歡迎。④演出同時,還舉辦皮影戲藝術展,集中展示皮影戲藝術的歷史和發展。而所有購買200元入場券的觀眾還將得到一個正宗的由牛皮手工制作的皮影以作珍藏。

中國皮影戲到底是怎樣一種民間藝術?它在中國民間發展的歷史軌跡又是怎么樣的?下面我就向大家逐一詳細介紹。

中國皮影戲是中國民間工藝美術與戲曲巧妙結合而成的獨特藝術品種,是中華民族藝術殿堂里不可或缺的一顆精巧的明珠。皮影戲是我國出現最早的戲曲劇種之一,它是利用燈光將平面偶人的表演投射到白色幕布上的一種戲劇形式。皮影戲唱腔豐富優美,表演精彩動人。千百年來,深受廣大民眾的喜愛,所以流傳甚廣。不僅如此,皮影戲還對國內外文化藝術的發展起過一定的作用。有不少新的地方戲曲劇種的唱腔就是從皮影戲唱腔中派生出來的。西方世界從十八世紀的歌德到后來的卓別林等世界文化名人,對中國皮影戲藝術都曾給予過高度的評價。建國后,毛澤東、周恩來等國家領導人,也曾多次以皮影戲來招待國內外賓客。

皮影戲中的平面偶人以及場面道具和景物,通常是民間藝人用刀雕彩繪制成的皮制品,故稱之為皮影。皮影戲中人物、景物的造型與制作屬于中國的民間美術范疇。它的藝術風格,在民族藝苑里也是獨樹一幟的。⑩它為了適應皮影戲的幕影表現形式,采取了抽象與寫實相結合的手法,對人物及場面景物進行了大膽的平面化、藝術化、卡通化、戲曲化的綜合處理。其臉譜與服飾造型生動、形象、夸張、幽默,或純樸而粗獷,或細膩而浪漫。再加上雕功之流暢,著色之艷麗,通體剔透和四肢靈活的工藝制作效果,著實能讓人賞心悅目,愛不釋手。皮影人制品(簡稱影人)不只是用于皮影戲的演出,還可以置于窗前或墻上,作為室內藝術裝飾。(11)由于皮影造型古樸典雅,民族氣味濃厚,既具有藝術欣賞性又有收藏價值,所以國內外很多博物館、收藏家、藝術工作者和皮影愛好者都藏有中國皮影。在國際交往中,也常有國人以中國皮影作為上等禮品贈予國際友人。

皮影戲中,有歷史演義戲、民間傳說戲、武俠公案戲、愛情故事戲、神話寓言戲、現代時裝戲等等,無所不有。常見的傳統劇目有《白蛇傳》、《西廂記》、《牛郎織女》、《楊家將》、《水滸傳》、《三國演義》、《西游記》等等。后發展出時裝戲、現代戲和童話寓言劇,常見的劇目有《白毛女》、《劉胡蘭》、《紅燈記》等等。

中國皮影藝術是中國民間文化的一朵奇葩。皮影戲是世界上最早的幕影文化娛樂形式,(12)國際電影史理論界公認,皮影戲藝術是后來發明電影的先導。

參考譯文

Pu Yin Xi, or shadow show, is one of the most distinctive Chinese folk arts. In China's rural areas in the past, lack of shadow show troupe meant lack of entertainment there. Particularly, after the "Cultural Revolution", all sorts of shadow shows became the most important and popular performances for village people to get married, mourn over departed souls or perform in temple fairs. Recently, as the old artists have faded away and the young generation has dropped out, shadow show has gradually declined. There are fewer and fewer show troupes, artists and performances as compared with those in its heydays.

Last year, Daoqing Shadow Show Troupe of Huan County in Gansu Province came to Beijing for the bidding for the inclusion of the United Nations' non-material cultural heritage list. The troupe gave shadow shows at a dozen of universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, which got a huge audience of college students and foreign envoys. Shadow show art exhibitions on its history and development were also held during the period of performance. Those who bought a 200-yuan ticket could get an authentic manual shadow made of ox leather as souvenir.

What kind of folk art is China's shadow show? How did it evolve as a folk art? Here I'd like to give a detailed introduction.

Fully combining/marrying Chinese folk fine arts with opera, the Chinese shadow show is an indispensable and exquisite pearl in the Chinese folk art palace. Shadow show is one of the earliest operas in China, and it projects the performances of plain puppets onto a white screen by light. Shadow show is rich and beautiful in melodies and splendid in performance. For thousands of years, it has gained popularity among/been popular with the public and has been widely spread. Moreover, shadow shows have played a role in the developing process of cultures and arts both at home and abroad/domestic and overseas cultures and arts. Melodies of quite a lot of new local operas originate from/are traced back to those of shadow shows. Some western celebrities in the cultural circle, like Goethe in the 18th century and later Charles Chaplin, have highly commended the Chinese shadow show art. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, state leaders, such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, entertained domestic and overseas guests with shadow shows.

The plain puppets, stage props and settings are usually made of leather which is carved and painted by folk artistes, hence its literal meaning "leather show". Characters and scene models and the making of them in the shadow show are based on Chinese folk fine art. Its artistic style is quite unique in the national art. For the screen show presentations,  artists combine abstract with realistic techniques, adding bold and comprehensive features of plain, artistic, cartoon and drama styles to characters and settings. The types of facial make-up and dressing models are lifelike, vivid, exaggerated and humorous, or honest and unconstrained, or delicate and romantic. With fluent carving styles, bright colors, transparent figure images and flexible limbs, the shadow show is enjoyable and charming. The shadow show products, abbreviated as shadow figure, can not only be used in the show, but also be pasted on windows and walls as indoor decoration. Because of its simplicity, unsophistication, elegance, unique national features and its combination of art appreciation values with collection values, the shadow show product has been collected by many museums, collectors,  and shadow show lovers both at home and abroad. In international exchanges, some Chinese usually present shadow show products as a first-choice gift for overseas friends.

Shadow shows can be performed to present historical stories, folk legends, chivalrous knights, legal cases, love stories, myths, allegories and modern fashion dramas. Traditional repertoire includes The Story of the White Snake, Romance of the West Chamber, The Tale of the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver, The Generals of Yang Family, The Tale of Water Margin, The Romance of Three Kingdoms and The Pilgrimage to the West. Later on, fashion dramas, modern dramas and fairy tales are developed, including The White-Haired Girl, Liu Hulan and The Story of the Red Lamp.

The Shadow show is one unique and colorful art form of Chinese folk culture. It is the earliest screen entertainment in the world. It is acknowledged in the theory of international film history that shadow show art plays a pioneering role in the film art.

重點例文模板句型精析

1. 皮影戲是中國民間最具特色的藝術形式之一。

模板句型:Pu Yin Xi, or shadow show, is one of the most distinctive Chinese folk arts.

常見不當譯文:Pu Yin Xi, or shadow show, is one of the art forms which has the greatest feature of Chinese folk arts.

模板句型精析:常見不當譯文翻譯腔的弊端非常明顯,使得句子過于冗長。在這里,建議考生從句子的主旨入手,這句話的主旨是“最具特色”,因此可以如模板句型一樣,將其譯文順序提前,而對于“中國民間”和“藝術形式”,不妨進行組合并減詞為“中國民間藝術”。此外,對中國特色事物的翻譯,一般采取先拼音、后跟注釋的譯法。

2. 以前在中國的鄉間,沒有皮影戲劇團就意味著沒有娛樂,特別是在“文革”之后,各地不同流派的皮影戲成為農村婚喪嫁娶、廟會社戲上最重要、同時也是最受歡迎的演出形式。

模板句型1:In China's rural areas in the past, if there wasn't a shadow show troupe, it meant there was no entertainment there. Particularly, after the "Cultural Revolution", all sorts of shadow shows became the most important and popular performances at wedding, funerals, temple fairs and village theatrical events.

模板句型2:In China's rural areas in the past, lack of shadow show troupe meant lack of entertainment there. Particularly, after the "Cultural Revolution", all sorts of shadow shows became the most important and popular performances for village people to get married, mourn over departed souls or perform in temple fairs.

常見不當譯文:In China's rural areas in the past, without shadow show troupe meant without entertainment there...

模板句型精析:在該句第一個意群中,很多考生會像常見不當譯文那樣,直接按字面意思翻譯,但without引導的介詞短語,是無法充當主語的。在模板句型1中,采用了“轉句法”,用if引導條件狀語從句,從而完成了翻譯;而在模板句型2中,則用lack of引導的名詞短語作主語,這是考生非常容易忽視的語法現象,因此建議考生進行強化訓練。在第二個意群中,“婚喪嫁娶、廟會社戲”是比較難處理的四字格。因此考生可仿照模板句型1,通過介賓結構簡化語法,也可按照模板句型2,通過不定式結構完成“轉性法”,將原文的名詞轉化為動詞進行翻譯。在口試現場,這兩種處理方式都可以圓滿完成原句的翻譯。

3. 近幾年,隨著老藝人的消失,年輕人的出走,皮影戲漸漸沉默了。

模板句型1:Recently, with the old  fading away and the young generation dropping out, shadow show has gradually declined.

模板句型2:Recently, as the old have faded away and the young generation has dropped out, shadow show has gradually declined.

模板句型精析:這個句子的難點在于“隨著”所引導的結構。模板句型1中通過介詞with和分詞結構開頭;而模板句型2則通過as完成“轉句法”,即將開頭部分轉化成句子。

4. 演出同時,還舉辦皮影戲藝術展,集中展示皮影戲藝術的歷史和發展。

模板句型1:Shadow show art exhibitions on its history and development were also held during the period of performance.

模板句型2:In the meantime, people also held shadow show art exhibitions on its history and development.

模板句型精析:這個模塊句子的特點是無主語。模板句型1采用了“轉態法”,將主動語態轉化為被動語態,但存在的小小缺陷——主語顯得過長;而模板句型2則采用了“增詞法”,增加了主語。這里考生須注意,原句如果指代不是特別清楚,可根據具體語境增加“模糊主語”,如people, we, one, they等。

5. 中國皮影戲是中國民間工藝美術與戲曲巧妙結合而成的獨特藝術品種,是中華民族藝術殿堂里不可或缺的一顆精巧的明珠。

模板句型:Fully combining/marrying Chinese folk fine arts with opera, the Chinese shadow show is an indispensable and exquisite pearl in the Chinese folk art palace.

模板句型精析:這個模塊句子的特點體現在兩個方面:首先它是一個典型的“同主句”,因此在這里可以根據主次關系,采用主語置中的句型結構;其次是原句中的“結合”體現出了并列結構,可以選用的模塊詞有combine...with... 或marry... with... 。

6. 皮影戲是我國出現最早的戲曲劇種之一,它是利用燈光將平面偶人的表演投射到白色幕布上的一種戲劇形式。

模板句型:Shadow show is one of the earliest operas in China, and it projects the performances of plain puppets onto a white screen by light.

常見不當譯文:Shadow show is one of the earliest opera kinds that have appeared in China, and it makes use of light to project the performances of plain puppets onto a white screen.

模板句型精析:常見不當譯文的問題在于翻譯腔過重。首先,“最早”這個模塊結構是一個高頻考點,一般在口譯中只需翻譯出最高級的形容詞即可。比如:“本校是全國最早創建的外國語學校之一”只需譯成Our school is one of the earliest foreign schools in China即可,至于“創建”等詞,完全可以省略。句子的第二大意群是具體介紹性文字,這里的模塊性體現在“利用”、“將”等詞上。筆者將這些詞稱為“假動詞”,在實際口譯中,往往將其譯為介詞,比如模板句型,通過介詞onto和by,將整個句子串聯起來。

7. 皮影戲唱腔豐富優美,表演精彩動人。千百年來,深受廣大民眾的喜愛,所以流傳甚廣。不僅如此,皮影戲還對國內外文化藝術的發展起過一定的作用。

模板句型:Shadow show is rich and beautiful in melodies and splendid in performance. For thousands of years, it has gained popularity among/been popular with the public and was widely spread. Moreover, shadow shows have played a role in the developing process of cultures and arts both at home and abroad/domestic and overseas cultures and arts.

模板句型精析:這個句子富含模板句型。首先,開頭的宣傳介紹類文字可以用“be+ adj.+ in”的結構進行串聯;其次,談到皮影戲受歡迎的程度,可用gain popularity among或者be popular with的句型結構進行串聯;而在講到其作用時,可使用高頻結構play a(n) (adj.) role in...,可添加的形容詞有important, significant, leading, pioneering, dominant, predominant等等;最后,“國內外”是一種非常大氣的表達形式,但有相當一部分考生在詞性選擇方面出現問題。一般both at home and abroad作副詞后置,domestic and overseas作形容詞前置。

8. 有不少新的地方戲曲劇種的唱腔就是從皮影戲唱腔中派生出來的。

模板句型:Melodies of quite a lot of new local operas originate from/are traced back to those of shadow shows.

模板句型精析:這個句子的核心詞是“派生”,在這里可以將其繞譯為“起源于”或者“追溯到”,選用originate from或be traced back to。

9. 皮影戲中的平面偶人以及場面道具和景物,通常是民間藝人用刀雕彩繪制成的皮制品,故稱之為皮影。

模板句型:The plain puppets, stage props and settings are usually made of leather which is carved and painted by folk artistes, hence its literal meaning "leather show".

模板句型精析:這個模塊句子的特點在于其對于中國文化的詮釋。出現“故稱之為”這類句型時,可用“hence+ n.”的句型結構作為正式的解釋。除此以外,這句話重點提及了皮制品,因此翻譯時應結合語境,譯為leather show,而不是shadow show,這也是在進行文化交流時譯員需把握的原則。

10. 它為了適應皮影戲的幕影表現形式,采取了抽象與寫實相結合的手法,對人物及場面景物進行了大膽的平面化、藝術化、卡通化、戲曲化的綜合處理。

模板句型:For the screen show presentations,  artists combine abstract with realistic techniques, adding bold and comprehensive features of plain, artistic, cartoon and drama styles to characters and settings.

模板句型精析:這又是個難度較大的句子。原句的語法結構復雜,因此不妨采用“簡譯法”。第一個意群的主體結構是“采用……與……相結合”,這里不妨去掉“采用”,直接翻譯后面的動詞“結合”。“進行……的宣傳”等類似結構也可以這樣簡化翻譯。除此以外,這里還采用了增詞法,增加了具體主語artists,非常符合語境。而第二個意群做了更大的簡化,通過adding... to...的結構完成串聯。至于“大膽”、“綜合”等詞,都可進行重組,在考試中如果時間緊迫,甚至可以依據重要性原則選擇不譯。

11. 由于皮影造型古樸典雅,民族氣味濃厚,既具有藝術欣賞性又有收藏價值,所以國內外很多博物館、收藏家、藝術工作者和皮影愛好者都藏有中國皮影。

模板句型:Because of its simplicity, unsophistication, elegance, unique national features and its combination of art appreciation values with collection values, the shadow show product has been collected by many museums, collectors,  artists and shadow show lovers both at home and abroad.

模板句型精析:這是一個高難度的句子,首先要解決的問題是確定主語,這里可以將后半部分的主語和賓語互換,形成“同主句”結構。此外,由于采用了because of作為開頭,后面必須采用“轉性法”。非常典型的轉換是將“民族氣味濃厚”轉化為“濃厚的民族氣味”即“形容詞+名詞”的偏正結構,這種結構在運用“轉性法”時很常用。而對于“既……又……”的結構,可將combine... with... 的動詞結構轉化為combination of... with... 。

12. 國際電影史理論界公認,皮影戲藝術是后來發明電影的先導。

模板句型1:It is acknowledged in the theory of international film history that shadow show art is the forerunner of the film art.

模板句型2:It is acknowledged in the theory of international film history that shadow show art plays a pioneering role in the film art.

模板句型精析:將事物稱為“先導”,其重要性不言而喻。在這里向大家推薦兩種處理方式。模板句型1中使用了forerunner一詞,是貼切的直譯;而模板句型2則采用了動靜轉換,將原來的be動詞結構轉化為實義動詞結構play a pioneering role in。該結構之前已有介紹,這里考生需注意其中的形容詞pioneering,該詞立意要遠遠高于important或significant,也是考生極易忽略的詞。

實考貼士

中國菜譯法

中國菜的翻譯是課本及考試中所出現的重點及難點。建議考生在上一講中所指出的“由粗到細”的譯法的基礎上,再抓住以下幾個層面:

1. 烹飪方法 (譯文一般用過去分詞形式)

? 煎 pan-fried

? 炒 stir-fried

? 爆 quick-fried

? 炸 deep-fried

? 燴 stewed

? 熏 smoked

? 煨 simmered

? 煮 boiled

? 烘 baked

? 烤 roast

? 蒸 steamed

? 腌 preserved

2. 烹飪刀法

? 片 slice

? 絲 shred

? 丁 dice

3. 配料及醬汁(一般用介詞with與配料搭配,用in與醬汁搭配)

掌握這三個要點及基本單詞,再根據實際情況,基本能完成考題中大部分中國菜名的翻譯。比如:“鍋貼”可譯為pan-fried dumpling,“雞絲”可譯為chicken shreds。很多中國菜的譯法是這三個步驟中任兩步的組合,比如:“雪菜毛豆”可譯為fresh soybeans with preserved potherb mustard,就是配料與烹飪方法的結合。考生在考試中如能保持冷靜,做如上拆分,并結合上個單元中的拼音注釋譯法,相信翻譯中國特色事物已不再是難題。

主站蜘蛛池模板: 西吉县| 志丹县| 阿鲁科尔沁旗| 茌平县| 南开区| 天气| 齐齐哈尔市| 米易县| 石屏县| 桓仁| 武强县| 辽宁省| 沂源县| 鹤峰县| 汶上县| 永安市| 驻马店市| 德庆县| 云阳县| 闽侯县| 延寿县| 汉川市| 扎赉特旗| 互助| 晋宁县| 江山市| 徐州市| 家居| 棋牌| 渝北区| 洮南市| 普格县| 永新县| 扶风县| 辽阳市| 溆浦县| 札达县| 太仆寺旗| 进贤县| 桐乡市| 商河县|