- 中高級口譯口試主題模板句
- 汪海濤 邱政政主編
- 10480字
- 2019-01-05 07:49:50
Unit 1 旅 游
考試頻度 ★★★
總體難度 ★★★
旅游模塊是口譯考試中最為基礎的模塊,內容主要涉及中國名勝景點宣傳介紹的文章。筆者對2003年3月至2005年9月總共24套的中口和高口真題進行了統計,共有7套真題涉及旅游考點,其考頻為29. 2%(三星級考點)。具體考點如下:
實考高頻模塊單詞
北京
? 故宮 the Imperial Palace
? 紫禁城 the Forbidden City
高口真題 2004. 3 A卷實考例句:故宮為明清兩代帝王寢宮,當時名為“紫禁城”,是當今遺留下來的最大的中國古代建筑群。
課本高頻模塊單詞
蘇杭
(《中口》 P424、448課文內容,實句分析見模板句型部分)
? 園林建筑 garden architecture
? 西湖 West Lake
? 蘇堤 Su Causeway
? 白堤 Bai Causeway
其他高頻模塊單詞
景點名稱
? 靈隱寺 Temple of the Soul's Retreat
? 飛來峰 Peak Flying from Afar
? 六和塔 Pagoda of Six Harmonies
? 虎跑泉 Tiger Spring
? 蘇繡 Suzhou Embroidery
? 寒山寺 Hanshan Temple
? 虎丘山 Tiger Hill
? 拙政園 Humble Administrator's Garden
? 滄浪亭 Pavilion of Surging Waves
? 獅子林 Lion Forest Garden
? 留園 Lingering Garden
旅游籌備
? 旅行社 travel agency
? 報價 quotation
? 包價旅行 package tour
? 團體旅行 group tour
? 散客 individual tourist
? 住宿 accommodation
? 膳食 meals
? 交通 transportation
? 游覽 sightseeing
? 衣食住行 clothing, meals, accommodation/shelter, transportation
旅游過程
? 點 spot; site; resort; attraction;
? 名勝景點 scenic spot; tourist attraction destination; must; mecca
? 歷史古跡 historical site
? 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites
? 避暑勝地 summer resort
? 游客必經之地 tourist destination/must/mecca
? 山水風光 landscape
? 祭壇/圣壇 altar
? 亭閣 pavilion
? 樓 mansion, tower
? 臺 terrace
? 塔 pagoda
? 殿堂 hall
? 陵墓 tomb, mausoleum
? 關 pass
? 石窟 grotto
? 絡繹不絕 an endless stream
? 美不勝收 too many beautiful things to
? 聞名遐邇 known far and wide be appreciated at once
? 墨客騷人 famous men of letters
? 奇峰異石 picturesque peaks and rocks
? 奇花異草 exotic flowers and herbs
口譯課本高頻模板句型
中譯英
1. 蘇杭這兩座鄰近上海的歷史名城以其秀麗的景色每年吸引了數以百萬計的海內外游客。
(節選自《中口》第424頁)
模板句型:Suzhou and Hangzhou, the two historic cities near/adjacent to Shanghai attract millions of domestic and overseas tourists with their scenic beauty.
模板句型精析:這個句子對大部分考生而言有一定的難度。如果句子中充當定語的前置成分非常長,要在翻譯時考慮到中英文之間的區別,對英語句子采取后置處理。
2. 例如,中國南方園林建筑藝術的典范、迷人的蘇州造景園林在有限的空間內造就了無數自然景觀。
(節選自《中口》第424頁)
模板句型:For example, the charming landscape gardens of Suzhou, typical of China's southern garden architecture, contain numerous created landscape within a limited space.
模板句型精析:和上句一樣,這句話采取了定語后置的處理方式,將句子主干部分彰顯出來。在實際口譯中,遇到修飾部分過長或過難的情況,考生甚至可以采取放棄原則,學會丟芝麻,撿西瓜。
3. (西湖)湖心有小瀛洲,青松朱欄映照在湖中。湖上堤徑相連,有唐朝詩人白居易建成的白堤及北宋詩人蘇東坡筑成的蘇堤。
(節選自《中口》第448頁)
模板句型:In its center are small islands where green pine trees and red parapets are reflected in the water. Stretching out across the lake are Bai Causeway, built by the Tang poet Bai Juyi, and Su Causeway, built by the Northern Song poet Su Dongpo.
模板句型精析:本句特點是“中國風”頗濃,古文類語句在目前考試中出現的頻率越來越高。對于這類句子,須先行確定主語。模板句型中兩度使用了倒裝句型,這是考生需要熟練運用的句型。對于古文類語句的翻譯,一般規律是綜合運用倒裝句型和方位詞。
4. 沿江而行,兩岸的各種景觀一一展現在眼前,只見蒼翠奇特的群山隱現在霧中,在石壁間又可見坐落在竹林中的小村落。
(節選自《中口》第454頁)
模板句型1:As the boat drifts along the river, a variety of scenes on each bank are unfolded before you. Wreathed in a mist here and there are green rock pinnacles. Villages inlay bamboo groves among the various giant rocks.
模板句型2:As the boat drifts along the river, you may feast your eyes on a variety of scenes on each bank. Green rock pinnacles loom over in the mist. Villages inlay bamboo groves among the various giant rocks.
模板句型精析:這句話又是“中國風”的延續,可采用“多主句”的處理原則,選擇不同的主語。請特別注意第二個模板句型,“主語(模糊主語you)+feast one's eyes on”的搭配在旅游模塊中很常用,用以表示游客在欣賞美景時“大飽眼福”。除此以外,其他重點標注的詞匯也須熟記,它們的考查頻率也不低。
5. 泰山地處我國山東省的中部,綿延200多公里,其巔峰海拔1545米。
(改編自《高口》第94頁)
模板句型:Located in the center of China's Shandong Province, Mt. Tai stretches over 200 kilometers, with its peak rising to 1545 meters above sea level.
常見不當譯文:Mt. Tai is located in the center of China's Shandong Province, Mt. Tai stretches over 200 kilometers and Mount Tai's peak rises to 1545 meters above sea level.
模板句型精析:這種句型結構在全真試題中數不勝數,因整個句子只有一個主語,故將其稱為“同主句”。有相當一部分考生采用了第二種譯法,這相當于國外6歲左右兒童的語言狀態。要擺脫翻譯中口語化的痕跡,提高考官對自己的印象分和起評分,考生須了解中英兩種語言句式的區別。中英句式最大的區別在于其枝形結構,在英語中,表現細枝末節的往往是定語從句、分詞以及介賓結構。掌握這種結構后,再遇到類似句子(如:本企業位于浦東新區,專營化妝品業務,在全國各地共有10余家分公司),考生便可利用模板句型以不變應萬變。本書中的所有模板句型都可做類似轉換,后文不再一一贅述。
6. 歷代文人雅士墨客所留下的1300多處石刻碑文,令游客目不暇接,嘆為觀止。
(節選自《高口》第94頁)
模板句型:Tourists will invariantly marvel at the vast number of stone inscriptions left in more than 1,300 places by famous ancient writers, scholars and calligraphers of various dynasties.
常見不當譯文:The vast number of stone inscriptions left in more than 1,300 places by famous ancient writers, scholars and calligraphers of various dynasties astonished tourists.
模板句型精析:第二種譯文的問題在于過分循規蹈矩,以致句子結構頭重腳輕,前后失衡。而模板句型通過活用marvel at,將譯文句序倒置,使其更符合英語的表達習慣,這是非常典型的對“多主句”的巧妙處理。考生如果在翻譯時遇到類似結構,完全可以打破逐字逐句翻譯的模式,而依照模板句型的句式,將原句的主語和賓語進行對調。
7. 九寨溝位于我國阿壩藏族自治州境內,是一片縱深達35公里的自然風景區。
(節選自《高口》第108頁)
模板句型:Located in the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Jiuzhaigou is a scenic zone which stretches 35 kilometers.
常見不當譯文:Jiuzhaigou is located in the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; it is a scenic zone which stretches 35 kilometers.
模板句型精析:第二種譯文的缺點在于相同主語重復出現,使句子層次顯得不夠清晰。一般來說,可以根據句子意思確定主次結構,對于附屬信息,可以用分詞結構、定語從句或者介詞結構進行處理。
8. (九寨溝)風景區內那終年積雪的山峰、蒼翠繁茂的森林、寧靜幽遠的湖泊、品種繁多的珍禽異獸,這些都構成了九寨溝風景區的獨特風貌。
(節選自《高口》第108頁)
模板句型:The scenic zone boasts perennially snow-topped mountain peaks, verdant and lush forests, stretches of serene lakes and various rare and precious fauna and flora, which contribute to the unique views of Jiuzhaigou.
常見不當譯文:The perennially snow-topped mountain peaks, verdant and lush forests, stretches of serene lakes and various rare and precious fauna and flora in the scenic zone contribute to the unique views of Jiuzhaigou.
模板句型精析:有相當一部分考生在翻譯這句話時出現了和不當譯文中相同的句型結構失衡問題。通過合理運用動詞boast(宣傳類文章高頻詞)和定語從句,可將長句如庖丁解牛般進行分解,從而理清句子主次,使表達更清晰、明確。本句是分句法的典型應用。
9. 來到北京的觀光客自然都會游覽故宮和長城。
(改編自《高口》第106頁)
模板句型1:For tourists to Beijing, the Imperial Palace and the Great Wall are a must.
模板句型2:The Imperial Palace and the Great Wall are always among the priority of tourists to Beijing.
常見不當譯文:Tourists to Beijing will surely visit the Imperial Palace and the Great Wall.
模板句型精析:常見不當譯文的缺點在于表達不夠地道。通過比較不難發現,模板句型1活用了must一詞,由此還可引申出詞組tourist destination (游客的必經之地);而模板句型2則在句型上更為正式。這兩種譯法均改換了主語,使表達顯得更為貼切、自然。
10. 北京世界公園于90年代初在北京興建,是北京的最新旅游景點。
(節選自《高口》第106頁)
模板句型:Established in the early 1990s, The Beijing World Park is the latest scenic spot in Beijing.
常見不當譯文:The Beijing World Park was established in the early 1990s, it is the latest scenic spot in Beijing.
模板句型精析:這句話又是一個“同主句”,具體處理方法可參見本章第5句和第7句的精析。這里需要補充的是,established這個分詞還可以用于表示公司等機構的創建,類似的分詞還有founded,created,initiated(始建于)等。
11. 北京世界公園的規模雄踞亞洲同類公園之冠,所收微縮復制品的數量也堪稱亞洲之最。
(節選自《高口》第106頁)
模板句型:The Beijing World Park is the largest park of its kind, with mini replicas on the largest scale in Asia.
常見不當譯文:The Beijing World Park is the first park of its kind in scale, and its mini replicas have the greatest amount in Asia.
模板句型精析:第二種譯文的問題在于過于拖沓累贅。相比之下,模板句型則采用with引導的枝形結構,對后半部分譯文進行了簡化。此外,請注意模板句型中對最高級的處理,這里體現出了語言的精煉性。
12. 這些旅游景觀制作精巧,工藝精湛,其中大多數為原作的精確復制品,用料均為白玉、大理石、上乘花崗巖或其他優質石料。
(節選自《高口》第106頁)
模板句型:The exquisitely constructed scenic spots offer fine examples of excellent workmanship. Most of them are featured by the exact replicas of the original, with white jade, marble, top-grade granite and other superior quality stone.
模板句型精析:這句話在實際口譯中很容易使多數考生瞬間卡殼。這句話的主要特點是句中無明顯的謂語動詞。模板句型通過offer和feature將句子串聯起來,盤活了整個句子結構,該句型非常適用于宣傳介紹類句子的翻譯,請考生牢記。
13. 公園的東北角有一條300米長的國際街。
(節選自《高口》第106頁)
模板句型1:In the northeastern corner of the park lies a 300-meter-long international street.
模板句型2:There is a 300-meter-long international street in the northeastern corner of the park.
模板句型精析:這又是一句足以將口譯考生扼殺在搖籃里的句子,其主要句型特點是無主語。但句子只是貌似無主語,其實完全可以通過模板句型1中的倒裝句型結構以及模板句型2中的there be存在句型完成翻譯。
英譯中
1. Here you witness an astonishing variety of environments, from desert to rain forest, from tropical beach to white snowfield, from big, sophisticated cities to vast uninhabited areas.
(節選自《高口》第96頁)
模板句型:游客在這里可以觀賞到各種地形風貌,從沙漠到熱帶雨林,從地處熱帶的海灘到白雪皚皚的田野,從撲朔迷離的大都市到人跡罕至的曠野,景觀各異,令人嘆為觀止。
常見不當譯文:游客在這里可以觀賞到各種景觀各異、令人嘆為觀止的地形風貌,從沙漠到熱帶雨林,從地處熱帶的海灘到白雪皚皚的田野,從撲朔迷離的大都市到人跡罕至的曠野。
模板句型精析:常見不當譯文讀后總有“意猶未盡”的感覺。之所以有這種感覺,很大程度上是由于句子的組織結構有問題。英語往往習慣先表達結果,而中文往往習慣后表達結果。因此模板句型很好地處理了這種文化差異,通過轉序法,即轉換句子順序,使表達更地道,也避免了翻譯腔的問題,非常值得考生在英譯中的語境中借鑒和采用。
2. A wide range of hotel, motel and apartment accommodation is available in most cities, major resorts and many rural areas.
(節選自《高口》第97頁)
模板句型1:在大部分城市、主要旅游點和許多農村地區,游客都能找到各種類型的旅館、汽車旅館和公寓住所。
模板句型2:大部分城市、主要旅游點和許多農村地區都能提供各種類型的旅館、汽車旅館和公寓住所。
常見不當譯文:各種類型的旅館、汽車旅館和公寓住所在大部分城市、主要旅游點和許多農村地區都可以找到。
模板句型精析:常見不當譯文的翻譯腔顯露無遺。這里的問題集中體現在對be available的處理上。在很多情況下,這個詞不能根據字面意思進行翻譯。比如模板句型1中采用了增詞法,增加了主語;而模板句型2中則采用了“多主句”的譯法,選擇了主語并增加了“提供”,這兩種譯法都能夠使譯文更加地道。
3. There are a variety of restaurants to suit all tastes and pockets, from top-class restaurants with international cuisine to small coffee shops serving snacks.
(節選自《高口》第97頁)
模板句型:這里可以找到各式各樣的餐館,從具有國際烹飪水平的一流飯店到供應快餐的小咖啡館,各種風味,應有盡有,可以滿足各類顧客不同口味和價位的需求。
常見不當譯文:這里能找到可以滿足各類顧客不同口味和價位的需求的各式餐館,從具有國際烹飪水平的一流飯店到供應快餐的小咖啡館。
模板句型精析:常見不當譯文的主要問題還是翻譯腔太明顯,虎頭蛇尾。而模板句型則將from...to... 結構前置,并通過增詞法及轉序法保持了句子結構的平衡。
4. The quotation is calculated on a per-person basis for a group of 10 or more adults.
(節選自《高口》第109頁)
模板句型:報價是根據組團的人數做出的,分為10人的成人團和10人以上的成人團兩種,按個人計價。
常見不當譯文:報價計價是按照個人及根據由10名成年游客或10名以上成年游客組成的團體。
模板句型精析:常見不當譯文所存在的問題顯而易見,主要原因在于對on a... basis以及for的處理不當。筆者將這類介詞或介詞結構概括為“假動詞”,在翻譯時往往要譯為動詞,并要改換順序。
全真試題高頻模板句型
中譯英
1. 這座歷史悠久的復合宮殿面積宏大,南北千米,東西750米,處處紅柱黃瓦,盡顯其特色。
(節選自高級口譯2004年3月B卷)
模板句型:The historical, spacious palace compound stretches one kilometer from north to south and 750 meters on its east-west axis. The palace is characterized/featured everywhere by red pillars and yellow tiles.
模板句型精析:這句話的難點在于中文四字格的處理,比如:“面積宏大”和“南北千米”。模板句型中首先用spacious將第一個四字格的意思簡化,接下去的stretch則是針對四字格缺少謂語的普遍現象采用了增詞法,增加了句子的主干謂語,將全句盤活。而be characterized/featured by這個模板句型在前面的句子中已經出現過,這里再次得以靈活運用。考生需要注意的是,有時候原文中未必有“特色”兩個字,但只要原句中體現出宣傳的語氣,均可采用be characterized/featured by作句子的謂語。
2. 寬50米的護城河,以及10米高的圍墻,將這座皇宮重重保護著,只留下四個出口。
(節選自高級口譯2004年3月B卷)
模板句型:The compound is surrounded/protected by a 50-meter-wide moat and 10-meter-high wall and is linked with the rest of the city via four gates.
比較譯文:The 50-meter-wide moat and 10-meter-high wall protects the compound, leaving only 4 exits.
模板句型精析:這是一個介紹建筑結構的句子。在翻譯時,考生首先須注意主語的選擇。口譯時建議將被介紹的主體作為主語,采用“轉態法”,即將主動和被動語態進行互換。除此以外,還應能熟練運用方位表達,比如surround和link,以便在考試時解決不時之需。
3. 而今,整座“紫禁城”被用作國家博物館,陳列著眾多珍貴的古代文物,包括中國瓷器、古物以及銅制工藝品。
(節選自高級口譯2004年3月B卷)
模板句型1:However, today the entire Forbidden City complex functions as a national museum, where one can see a large variety of treasured cultural relics, including all magnificent collection of antique porcelain and bronze artifacts.
模板句型2:However, today the entire Forbidden City complex functions as a national museum, where a large variety of treasured cultural relics are on display, including all magnificent collection of antique porcelain and bronze artifacts.
比較譯文:However, today the entire Forbidden City complex is used as a national museum, a large variety of treasured cultural relics are on display there, including all magnificent collection of antique porcelain and bronze artifacts.
模板句型精析:比較譯文的不足之處在于用詞欠專業,而且句子之間缺乏連貫性。通過與模板句型的比較可以看出,宣傳介紹類文字中表用途的模塊詞往往是function as,而且模板句型通過where這個關系副詞的運用,使整個句子產生了意想不到的效果和美感。除此之外,模板句型1使用了模糊主語one,既符合句子的主旨大意,又能夠增加考官的印象分和起評分,是考生需要掌握的譯法。
4. 西安的考古遺址及其周邊地區的旅游景觀使游客時時感受到這座城市的昔日輝煌。
(節選自高級口譯2005年3月B卷)
模板句型:The archaeological sites in Xi'an and its neighboring areas remind the visitors of the city's past glory.
常見不當譯文:The archaeological sites in Xi'an and its neighboring areas make the visitors feel the city's past glory.
模板句型精析:宣傳介紹類內容中涉及回顧的地方,往往可以使用remind...of... 結構,使譯文更具懷舊意味。
5. 除了世界著名的兵馬俑,遍布城市內外的歷史古跡和自然風景數不勝數。
(節選自高級口譯2005年3月B卷)
模板句型1:Besides the world-famous Terra Cotta Warriors, there are countless other historic sites and natural settings scattered in and around the city.
模板句型2:Besides the world-famous Terra Cotta Warriors, countless other historic sites and natural settings are scattered in and around the city.
模板句型精析:這句話乍一看是一個無主句,其實主語在句子的后半部分。在這里,除了以“歷史古跡和自然風景”為主語以外,也可以采用模板句型1中的there be存在句型,但需要注意最后的scattered這個分詞結構。考生應對此進行強化訓練,形成脫口而出的語感。
6. 碑林始建于1090年,是刻有大量儒家經典著作的碑文。
(節選自高級口譯2005年3月B卷)
模板句型:The Forest of Steles, originally built in 1090, enjoys a large collection of the Confucian classics.
模板句型精析:本句是典型的枝形結構的句子,考生須學會區分句子的枝和干。此外,enjoy一詞也是宣傳類文字的高頻用詞,中文中往往不會直接提及其原義,考生須按照語境自行添加。
英譯中
Walk around the thermal areas. Look for wildlife along rivers and streams. Have a picnic under a big tree. Listen to the wild roar and feel the spray on your face.
(節選自高級口譯2004年9月A卷)
模板句型:您/游客可以在溫泉區內悠閑漫步;在小河、溪水旁尋找野生動物的蹤跡;在大樹下野餐;聽野生動物的怒吼聲;感受濺在臉上的水花。
模板句型精析:這句話的翻譯靈活運用了兩個原則:一是增詞法,針對整個旅游板塊,如無具體語境,一般可增加的模糊主語有您、游客等等。二是轉性法,這是擺脫逐字逐句翻譯的重要法寶。一般比較普遍的轉性法是將名詞和動詞互譯,請見參考譯文。
重點例文
原文
一個年輕新加坡人眼中的上海
①80年前的上海已有“東方的巴黎”之稱,和國際大都會倫敦、巴黎齊名;今天的上海被視為“全世界的商業城”,遲早會成為“東方的紐約”。上個月我首次到上海,在5天4夜的短暫逗留中,我親身感受到了現代上海的大都會動力。
②上海人口近1700萬,人口之眾,決定了市場潛力。③在上海,上、中、下各階層各有消費天地。3元吃一碗拉面,或是20元喝一杯卡布奇諾,豐儉由人。在貧富兩極之間還夾著小康之家、中產階層,這樣的市場構造,讓不同市場定位的商品都能找到所屬的消費群。④趕時髦是上海人消費的一大推動力。⑤七八十年前,舊上海的公共租界所遺留下來的歷史記憶,讓上海人較其他地區的中國人更容易投入現代城市國際化的消費趨勢。
⑥事實上,20世紀初外國人在上海建設的眾多設施,是今日上海重新躋身國際城市之列的基礎。初訪者對這座城市的第一個深刻印象必然離不開那些象征了一個城市的財力和氣魄的高樓大廈。外灘建筑的天際線景觀遙對浦東新區88層樓高的金茂大廈,而金茂大廈作為中國最高建筑的紀錄只能維持兩年。據說到了那時,由日商投資興建的94層浦東上海環球金融中心項目預計將竣工。
⑦如果說高樓林立代表了上海的經濟繁榮,吸引了國內外人才匯集此地大展拳腳,那么休閑娛樂選擇之多,則表現了上海多姿多彩的城市生活,吸引了海內外游客紛紛前來上海觀光旅游。上海吃喝玩樂的選擇獨具中西交匯、新舊合璧的特點,這些選擇日趨國際化,而消費卻比一般大城市便宜。難怪挑剔的游客初到上海,馬上感覺到消費天堂的召喚。
一個旅游天堂,光是商品包羅萬象未必能吸引游客再度光臨,留得住游客的是殷勤的服務態度。走在街上的上海人讓人感受到大城市特有的擁擠和冷漠。但是,走進任何一家上海的快餐店,年輕侍應生積極友善的服務態度會讓人重新估量這個城市的無限活力。顧客一個舉手動作,侍應生再忙也會先來一句:“馬上來。”他們動作熟練利落,說話清楚明白。普通的服務生都有這樣的水平,上海年輕人的競爭力可想而知。
接待我們的導游是一個從廈門赴上海念大學的年輕小伙子,剛畢業。英語說得不賴的他說:“在上海找工作一點也不難。但是,要找一份滿意的工作就不容易了。”
我告訴他:“新加坡大學生現在找工作卻不容易。工作選人,人更會選工作。最糟糕的是,工作其實不多。”
小伙子笑笑:“這點,上海人倒不擔心。”
此行,我所接觸到的上海年輕人其實并不多,但是在快餐店、咖啡座所碰到的,態度積極,效率高,一臉的聰明伶俐。新加坡的一般年輕人似乎就缺少了那份機靈和朝氣。
雖然說民族的氣質和個性,很大程度上是生活環境造就的,但是如果我們繼續故步自封,腦筋懶得變通,現有的城市活力不但不會增長,還會一點一滴干涸。⑧一個缺乏活力和生機的城市難吸引游客,更別說留住人才了。
參考譯文
Shanghai in the Eyes of a Young Singaporean
80 years ago Shanghai was already crowned as the "Oriental Paris", which is equal in fame to international metropolis London and Paris. Today, it is viewed as a "global business hub" and it is only a matter of time before it becomes the "New York of the East". Last month, I visited Shanghai for the first time. During my brief stay of five days and four nights, I experienced first-hand the buzzing dynamism of modern Shanghai as a metropolis.
The city has a population of nearly 17 million, which underlies its immense market potential. People from different social strata in Shanghai can take their pick from a wide range of choices based on their consumption powers—from paying 3 yuan for a bowl of traditional la mian to 20 yuan for a cup of cappuccino. Sandwiched between the very rich and very poor are the Xiaokang or moderately well-off families and the middle-class. Thus, businesses can find a position on the market for themselves by catering to the needs of their targeted groups of consumers. Following the fashion greatly propels the consumption of Shanghai citizens. 70 or 80 years ago, old Shanghai's public concessions left historical memories, which make Shanghai natives easier to join modern metropolis' international consuming trends, compared with other people in China.
Indeed, the many facilities developed by foreigners in Shanghai in the early 20th century have paved the way for modern Shanghai to rejoin the rank of global cities. First-time visitors to Shanghai will invariably first be captivated by the soaring skyscrapers that symbolize the metropolis' wealth and glamour. Across the skyline of the Bund is China's tallest building—the 88-storey Jin Mao Tower—in Pudong New Area. But it is said that the tower will cease to be the tallest when the Global Financial Centre project, a 94-storey edifice invested by Japanese investors, is completed two years later.
If the towering skyscrapers are the signs of Shanghai's economic prosperity and attract both domestic and overseas talents to converge in the metropolis to realize their ambitious dreams, a variety of recreational and entertainment activities are the manifestation of a colorful and interesting life in shanghai, which lures Chinese and overseas tourists flocking to the city. Shanghai presents a unique mix of East and West as well as new and old in wining, dining and merry-making. While the choices are increasingly global, consumer goods are cheaper than that in most big cities. Not surprisingly, discerning tourists recognize it at once as a shoppers' paradise when they arrive in Shanghai.
The vast variety of merchandise alone may not be enough to make the tourists come back. But meticulous and excellent service will. The Shanghainese whom you see on the street will remind you of the congestion and apathy typical of a thriving city. Yet, stepping into any fast-food restaurant, you will be greeted with warm and friendly service from young waiters and waitresses. They will make you rethink what makes the city tick. Just raise your hand and no matter how busy the waiters and waitresses are, someone will attend to you with a reply: "Right away!" They speak clearly and know their job well and I'm only talking about ordinary service personnel. This is a good indication of how competitive the young people in Shanghai are.
The tour guide in Shanghai who showed us around speaks fairly good English. He came from Xiamen and has just graduated from a Shanghai university. "It's easy to find a job in Shanghai but hard to get one that one is perfectly happy with," he said.
I told him: "It's not easy now even for graduates in Singapore to land a job. Singaporeans are also choosy. And the worst thing is there aren't that many jobs in the market. "
He said with a smile: "At least the people in Shanghai don't have to worry about that. "
Well, I did not come into contact with that many young people in Shanghai during my trip, but those whom I've met at fast-food restaurants and cafes no doubt struck me as highly-efficient, quick-thinking and full of drive. Young Singaporeans seem to lack the astuteness and dynamism that they possess.
It is true that a people's character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in. But if we rest on our laurels, we risk losing our vitality. And a city with little life will not be able to attract tourists, let alone retain its talent.
重點例文模板句型精析
1. 80年前的上海已有“東方的巴黎”之稱,和國際大都會倫敦、巴黎齊名。
模板句型:80 years ago Shanghai was already crowned as the "Oriental Paris", which is equal in fame to international metropolis London and Paris.
常見不當譯文:80 years ago Shanghai was already the so-called "Oriental Paris", and like such international metropolises as London and Paris, it was world famous.
模板句型精析:此句為上海的模塊宣傳句,常見不當譯文中采用的so-called不但過于口語化,而且還帶有貶義色彩。因此建議考生學會使用be crowned as結構,從而體現出文中褒揚的意思。此外,建議考生將“和……齊名”譯為equal in fame to...,因為這種譯法更簡潔、地道。
2. 上海人口近1700萬,人口之眾,決定了市場潛力。
模板句型:The city has a population of nearly 17 million, which underlies its immense market potential.
常見不當譯文:The city has a population of nearly 17 million. The population is so big that it determines its market potential.
模板句型精析:本句的翻譯難點在于“人口之眾”這個四字格。對此,相當一部分考生會采用常見不當譯文中的譯法,即逐字逐句進行翻譯。這句話的突破點在于前后兩個意群的聯系。稍加斟酌,不難發現,“決定了市場潛力”的主語其實就是人口,這樣就可以通過which引導的定語從句將前后意群緊密地聯系起來,真正做到“簡而不失雅”。模板句型中的underlie一詞體現出了基礎與結果之間的聯系,在后文中會對此作進一步闡釋。
3. 在上海,上、中、下各階層各有消費天地。3元吃一碗拉面,或是20元喝一杯卡布奇諾,豐儉由人。
模板句型:People from different social strata in Shanghai can take their pick from a wide range of choices based on their consumption powers—from paying 3 yuan for a bowl of traditional la mian to 20 yuan for a cup of cappuccino.
常見譯文對比:In Shanghai people from all walks of life have their consumption styles. Paying 3 yuan for a bowl of traditional la mian or 20 yuan for a cup of cappuccino, people can make their own choices from a wide range.
模板句型精析:這句話的關鍵在于前后兩個意群之間的聯系。第一個意群是總括,第二個意群是具體的例證。同時,“各有消費天地”和“豐儉由人”的意思相近。由于在實際考試中往往會漏記或漏譯,因此考生未必一定要像常見譯文那樣逐字逐句翻譯。筆者建議考生采用模板句型a wide range of choices的譯法并將其前置,而后面則用from... to... 列舉。
4. 趕時髦是上海人消費的一大推動力。
推薦模板句型:Following the fashion greatly propels the consumption of Shanghai citizens.
常見譯文對比:Following the fashion is one big driving force behind the consumption in Shanghai.
模板句型精析:這句話的難點在于如何翻譯“是”字。對于系動詞,考生如果采用常見譯文的譯法,很有可能無法翻譯出“推動力”(driving force)這一詞組。因此,強烈建議考生采用模板句型的譯法,將其直接翻譯成動詞propel。這種模塊譯法叫做“動靜轉換”,即將“be+名詞”轉化為“動詞”。
5. 七八十年前,舊上海的公共租界所遺留下來的歷史記憶,讓上海人較其他地區的中國人更容易投入現代城市國際化的消費趨勢。
模板句型:70 or 80 years ago, old Shanghai's public concessions left historical memories, which make Shanghai natives easier to join modern metropolis' international consuming trends, compared with other people in China.
常見不當譯文:Historical memories of the International Settlements in old Shanghai 70 or 80 years ago make it much easier for Shanghai natives than people in other parts of China to join the mainstream of the international consumer trends in modern metropolis.
模板句型精析:這個句子如果采用常見不當譯文的譯法,主語會變得非常長。在口譯過程中,考生如果來不及譯出謂語部分,則會因翻譯不完整、不連貫而大大失分。因此,強烈建議考生將“舊上海的公共租界所遺留下來的歷史記憶”這部分先轉化成句子,并用which引導定語從句(如模板句型所示)。這是典型的“轉句法”,即將詞或短語轉化為句子,以便在考場中增加得分機會。除此之外,“公共租界”除了可譯為international settlements,還可譯為public concessions,因為concession有“讓步”的意思,很符合語境。
6. 事實上,20世紀初外國人在上海建設的眾多設施,是今日上海重新躋身國際城市之列的基礎。
模板句型:Indeed, the many facilities developed by foreigners in Shanghai in the early 20th century have laid the foundation for / have paved the way for modern Shanghai to rejoin the rank of global cities.
常見不當譯文:Indeed, the many facilities developed by foreigners in Shanghai in the early 20th century have become the basis for modern Shanghai to rejoin the rank of global cities.
模板句型精析:本組意群之間的關鍵詞是“基礎”,強調的是基礎和結果的關系,在這種情況下,建議考生采用模塊結構lay foundation for或者pave the way for,它們都是非常正式得體的串聯方式。而常見不當譯文的弊端是過于隨意和口語化,不適合用于正式語體中。
7. 如果說高樓林立代表了上海的經濟繁榮,吸引了國內外人才匯集此地大展拳腳,那么休閑娛樂選擇之多,則表現了上海多姿多彩的城市生活,吸引了海內外游客紛紛前來上海觀光旅游。
模板句型:If the towering skyscrapers are the signs of Shanghai's economic prosperity and attract both domestic and overseas talents to converge in the metropolis to realize their ambitious dreams, a variety of recreational and entertainment activities are the manifestation of a colorful and interesting life in shanghai, which lures Chinese and overseas tourists flocking to the city.
常見不當譯文:If the towering skyscrapers represent Shanghai's economic prosperity and attract both domestic and overseas talents to converge in the metropolis to realize their ambitious dreams, a variety of recreational and entertainment activities represent a colorful and interesting life in shanghai and lure Chinese and overseas tourists flocking to the city.
模板句型精析:這句話的高頻用詞是“代表”,常見不當譯文采用了represent一詞。在此要提醒考生,如果在考場上反復使用某個詞,則會影響印象分和起評分。在這里,除了模板句型中所推薦的高頻用詞外,還可以采用symbolize, signify, stand for等高頻近義詞進行替換,這更符合西方人用詞豐富的語言表達風格。除此以外,模板句型中which所引導的定語從句,是針對長句采取的斷句譯法,這也是考生需要掌握并鞏固的一項基本翻譯技法。
8. 一個缺乏活力和生機的城市難吸引游客,更別說留住人才了。
模板句型1:A city with little vigor and life will not be able to attract tourists, let alone/not to mention retain its talents.
模板句型2:A city with little vigor and life will find it difficult to attract tourists, and more difficult to retain its talents.
模板句型精析:這句話是否定遞進結構,因此有相當一部分考生在結構上卡殼。這里為考生提供了兩種高頻模板句型。句型1中的let alone和not to mention是典型的否定遞進結構;而句型2則巧妙地運用了difficult的比較級結構,這在口譯中是典型的“反譯法”。
實考貼士
地名譯法
旅游模塊中所出現的具體景點往往帶有濃厚的中國特色,這些景點名使很多考生在考試中止步不前,最終導致全盤皆輸。下面,筆者根據自身的口譯及應試經驗與各位分享一些實戰技巧:
Step 1 拼音法:一般來說,具體景點可先直接用拼音表達,因為其本身就是中國的事物,口譯時將拼音尾音略上揚一下即可。
Step 2 “由粗到細”法:拼音之后,一般需加上or(“即”的意思)進行具體的注釋。但口譯時切忌糾纏于細枝末節,只需翻出其本質即可。比如:“紫禁城”如無法譯成the Forbidden City,可試著譯為Zijin Chen, or traditional Chinese city in Beijing,這種譯法雖然在筆譯中不盡完美,但在口譯中可視為有限時間內不錯的譯文,因為譯文基本達意。在翻譯時,考生還需注意背景知識,比如:“朱家角”切莫譯成corner,因為這里的“角”不是“角落”(corner)之意,而表示鎮(town)。
Step 3 再次拼音法:注釋譯法之后,在口試環節中如再遇到相同景點,則只需用拼音即可,這樣既達意,又能在時間上有所保證。