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Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

M: [1]So,how long have you been a Market Research Consultant?

W: Well,I started straight after finishing university.

M: Did you study market research?

W: Yeah,and it really helped me to get into the industry,but I have to say that it's more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you're interested in.

M: So what are you interested in?

W: [2]Well,at the moment,I specialize in quantitative advertising research,which means that I do two types of projects.[3]Trackers,which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time.The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time.But you do build up a good relationship with the client.I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.

M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?

W: It's basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers' habits.They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out,for example,so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.

M: Which do you prefer,trackers or ad-hoc?

W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy.I need the variety.

M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client?

W: Well,together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research.I then design a questionnaire.Once the interviewers have been briefed,I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines.Once the final charts and tables are ready,I have to check them and organize a presentation.

M: Hmm.One last question,what do you like and dislike about your job?

W: [4]As I said,variety is important and as for what I don't like,it has to be the checking of charts and tables.

1.What position does the woman hold in the company?

2.What does the woman specialize in at the moment?

3.What does the woman say about trackers?

4.What does the woman dislike about her job?

1.D

【聽前預測】四項均為名詞短語,均與工作職位相關,且兩項提及市場方面的工作(marketing manager,market research consultant)。推測該題以what進行提問,可能是對某人的職位進行考查,涉及市場工作。聽音時,應重點關注與工作或職位相關的內容,同時留意與四個選項提到的職位相關的信息。

【解析】在對話一開始,男士就問女士做市場研究顧問多長時間了,女士說自己從大學一畢業就開始做這一行。由此可知,女士在公司擔任的職位是市場研究顧問,選項D為正確答案。market research consultant是原詞復現。其他三項對話中均未提及,都可排除。

2.A

【聽前預測】四項均為名詞短語,內容均與某項具體工作相關,其中兩項提到了表示研究的詞語(research)。推測該題也是以what開頭進行提問,可能考查某人所做的具體工作,涉及某項研究。聽音時應重點關注與研究相關的工作。

【解析】在對話中,當女士談到自己的專業時,她說所學的專業幫助自己進入市場研究顧問這一行業,但是對她來說,在不同類型的市場研究中獲取經驗從而弄清楚自己真正的興趣所在是更為重要的,男士接著問女士對什么感興趣,女士回答說自己目前專業從事量化廣告研究方面的工作。由此可知,選項A為正確答案。B、C兩項對話中雖都有提及,但都是女士所做工作的具體細節;對話中提及了采訪者在采訪之前會了解基本情況,但沒有提及培訓,故D項不符合對話內容。

3.D

【聽前預測】四項均以they開頭,其中兩項提到了表示研究的詞語(studies,study),兩項提到了顧客(customers,customer),一項提到了人們的消費習慣(people's spending habits)。該題考查的內容可能與對顧客消費習慣的研究有關。聽音時,應先弄清楚they的指代對象,同時關注與研究、顧客和消費習慣有關的內容,并將重點放在各個選項的關鍵詞上,然后根據問題作出進一步的判斷。

【解析】在對話中,女士在回答男士自己對什么感興趣時提到,自己目前專業從事量化廣告研究,也就是在做兩種類型的項目。一種是跟蹤研究,針對進展中的項目,長期觀察其發展趨勢或顧客的滿意度。由此可知,選項D為正確答案。其他三項對話中均未提及,都可排除。

4.B

【聽前預測】四項均為名詞短語,兩項內容與工作的負面性相關(lack of promotion opportunity、persistent intensity),兩項的內容涉及工作的具體細節(checking charts and tables,designing questionnaires)。該題可能以what進行提問,可能是對某項工作不好的方面或者具體細節進行考查。

【解析】在對話的最后,男士問女士對于自己的工作,喜歡和不喜歡的方面分別是什么,女士回答說,她覺得工作的多樣性很重要,至于不喜歡的方面就得說是檢查圖表和表格了。由此可知,選項B為正確答案。其他三項對話中均未提及,都可排除。

Conversation Two

W: Hello.I'm here with Frederick.Now Fred,you went to university in Canada?

M: Yeah,that's right.

W: [5]OK,and you have very strong views about universities in Canada.Could you please explain?

M: Well,we don't have private universities in Canada.[6]They're all public.All the universities are owned by the government,so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there's not much room for flexibility.Since it's a government-operated institution,things don't move very fast.If you want something to be done,then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he's a worker for the government.So I don't think it's very efficient.However,there are certain advantages of public universities,such as the fees being free.You don't have to pay for your education.But the system isn't efficient,and it does not work that well.

W: Yeah,I can see your point.But in the United States we have many private universities,and I think they're large bureaucracies also.Maybe people don't act that much differently,because it's the same thing working for a private university.They get paid for their job.I don't know if they're that much more motivated to help people.Also,we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it's kind of a problem actually.

M: [7]I agree with you.I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody.It's not easy,but having only public universities also might not be the best solution.Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities.Now,in Japan,public universities are considered to be the best.

W: Right.It's the exact opposite in the United States.

M: [8]So,as you see,it's very hard to say which one is better.

W: Right,a good point.

5.What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?

6.What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?

7.On what point do the speakers agree?

8.What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?

5.A

【聽前預測】四項均以his開頭;兩項提到了大學(universities),其中一項是加拿大的大學,另一項是美國的大學;兩項提到了高等教育(higher education);三項分別提到了表示觀點、理解和建議的詞語(view,understanding,suggestions)。該題可能考查與男士有關的信息,涉及他對加拿大或者美國的高等教育的觀點、看法或理解。聽音時,應重點關注與男士有關的信息,同時留意四個選項的關鍵詞,最后根據問題作出進一步的判斷。

【解析】在對話一開始,女士問男士是不是在加拿大讀的大學,在得到肯定回答后,女士說男士對于加拿大的大學有著非常鮮明的觀點,希望男士解釋一下。于是男士接著談了加拿大大學的特點和自己的看法。由此可知,選項A為正確答案。其他三項對話中均未提及,都可排除。

6.B

【聽前預測】四項均以it開頭;兩項提到了與調整、改變相關的詞語(rather inflexible,changes);一項提到了大學(universities)。該題對it的相關信息進行考查,推測it是與大學相關的某方面內容,可能與其是否可改變有關。

【解析】在對話中,當女士讓男士解釋自己對于加拿大大學的觀點和看法時,男士說加拿大沒有私立大學,所有大學都是公立的,都為政府所有。所以,大學的課程都是由教育部負責制定,導致沒有太多靈活調整的余地。由此可知,選項B為正確答案,inflexible是對對話中的there is not much room for flexibility的同義轉述。其他三項對話中均未提及,都可排除。

7.C

【聽前預測】三項提到了與大學教育相關的內容,其中兩項提到了公立大學和私立大學(Public universities,private universities),并將二者的特征進行了比較(are often superior to,work more efficiently than);一項提到了平等接受高等教育(should be given equal access to higher education)。推測該題考查的內容可能與高等教育有關,可能涉及公立學校和私立學校的教育情況,也可能涉及接受高等教育的機會。

【解析】在對話中,當男士說完加拿大大學的情況之后,女士接著說了美國大學的情況,并說在美國只有富裕家庭的孩子才能進入最好的學校,這實際上也是一個問題。男士接著說自己同意女士的觀點,他也認為女士所說的情況確實是個問題,因為美國并沒有給每個人平等的入學機會。由此可知,在每個人都該得到接受高等教育的公平機會這一點上兩位說話者觀點一致,故選項C為正確答案。其他三項對話中均未明確提及,都不是兩個人一致同意的觀點,均可排除。

8.C

【聽前預測】兩項提到了大學的教育體系或者管理(university systems,university management),一項同時提到了公立和私立大學(a public university or a private one),一項提到了私立大學的情況(Many private universities...are actually large bureaucracies)。該題可能考查大學的情況,可能涉及大學的教育體系或者管理,也可能涉及公立或私立大學的情況。

【解析】在對話中,男士提到加拿大的大學都是公立大學,女士則提到美國有很多的私立大學。之后,男士又說日本有著私立和公立大學并存的教育體系,在日本,目前人們普遍認為公立大學是最好的。女士說這一點與美國正好相反。男士總結說,所以很難判斷哪一種教育模式更好。由此可知,選項C為正確答案。其他三項在對話中都有提到,但并不是男士的觀點,都可排除。

Section B

Passage One

【聽力原文】

[9]A recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery,especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite indications of an economic rebound.Patrick Belser,an International Labor Organization specialist says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.“[10]The quite dramatic unemployment figures,which we now see in some of the countries strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed,more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline.So,we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth."The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms.They include the United States,Austria,Costa Rica,South Africa and Germany.International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis.An example of these is Work Sharing with government subsidies.[11]Under this scheme,the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs.For this scheme to work,the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.

9.What is the International Labor Organization's report mainly about?

10.According to an International Labor Organization's specialist,how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?

11.What does the speaker mean by the Work Sharing scheme?

【整體預測】

快速瀏覽本部分所有選項,根據Government、economic crisis、wage、employees、business operations等詞可大致推斷本文與經濟相關,有可能涉及找工作,也有可能涉及工資待遇等內容。聽錄音時需特別注意相關的內容,注重對短文細節信息的提取。

9.B

【解題思路】四項都是名詞性短語,且都跟經濟相關。本題應該是以what開頭的提問,考查的內容可能是某個細節或文章主旨,聽錄音時應將重點放在四項的關鍵信息上(government's role,worsening real wage situation,economic recovery,impact on people's life)。

【解析】題目問的是國際勞工組織報告的主要內容。短文開頭提出,最近的一項國際勞工組織報告稱,全世界實際工資狀況的惡化令人對經濟復蘇的真實程度產生質疑。由此可以得出B項為正確答案。A項的關鍵信息雖然在原文中有提及,但不是該報告的主要內容,故排除;C項在原文中未提及,故排除;D項雖然在原文中也有提及,但不是該報告的主要內容,故也排除。

10.A

【解題思路】四項均提到they,且均描述感受,涉及的主要內容包括less pressure、free to choose、inclined to expand和more confident。本題考查的內容應該是文中的細節,通過對選項內容的理解,可推斷本題考查的應該是某類人對某種事物的感受問題。聽錄音時應將重點放在表示感受的內容及關鍵動詞上(raise,choose,expand,competing)。

【解析】題目問的是如果有更多的人找工作的話,雇主會有什么樣的感受。短文中間部分引用國際勞工組織的專家帕特里克·貝爾瑟的話說,未來隨著更多的人失業,工資會面臨更大的壓力,會有更多的人找工作,而且雇主通過提高工資來吸引工人的壓力將會下降。由此可以得出A項為正確答案。其他三項表述均與原文內容不符,故排除。

11.C

【解題思路】四項內容分別涉及員工、公司以及政府的做法。本題考查的內容與員工、公司以及政府的做法有關,聽錄音時著重聽清各方的行為和做法。

【解析】題目問的是說話者提到的“工作分享”計劃意味著什么。短文的最后部分提到“工作分享”計劃時指出,根據這項計劃,為了避免裁員,個人的工作時間會縮短。由此可知C項為正確答案。其他三項的表述均與原文內容不符,故排除。

Passage Two

【聽力原文】

[12]Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work.You know,one of these first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements,is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory.But your memory doesn't need a cure.What your memory needs is a good work-out.So really,those supplements aren't going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise.The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren't necessarily what they claim to be,and you really have to be wary when you take any of them.[13]The science isn't there behind most of them.They're not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard.You don't really know that what they say is in there,isn't in there.What you must understand is that those supplements,especially in some eastern cultures,are part of a medical practice tradition.People don't just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements.[14]In fact,they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level,a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who's been trained.And that's not really the way they're used in this country.The other thing that people do forget is that these are medicines,so they do have an impact.[15]A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have,or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn't otherwise being countering or be at risk for.

12.What question is frequently put to the speaker?

13.What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?

14.What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?

15.What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?

【整體預測】

快速瀏覽本部分所有選項,根據supplements、herbal medicine、dosage、medications、risks、effect等詞可大致推斷本文內容與藥物有關,并涉及其副作用和風險。此外,根據memory可推斷,本文很可能與記憶力有關,聽錄音時需特別注意相關的內容。

12.A

【解題思路】四項都以whether開頭,其中三項都提到memory。本題考查的內容可能是某處細節或文章的主題,聽錄音時應將重點放在四項的關鍵信息上(memory supplements,herbal medicine,exercise,a magic memory)。

【解析】題目問的是說話者經常被問到的問題是什么。短文開頭就提到是否真的有某種神奇記憶藥丸或者某種草藥記憶喚醒療法,人們經常會問“我”這些記憶保健品是否有作用。由此可以得出A項為正確答案。B項只涉及一部分,說法片面,故排除;C項中的“鍛煉”雖然在原文中有提及,但這是作者對人們的建議,即提高記憶力所需要的是效果明顯的鍛煉,故排除;D項的表述與原文內容不符,故排除。

13.D

【解題思路】四項均以they開頭,其中三項均描述有利方面。本題考查的內容應該是文中的某處細節,通過對選項內容的理解,可推斷本題應該是關于某些藥物的作用或特點。聽錄音時應將重點放在四項的關鍵詞上(help the elderly more,beneficial,side effects,real science)。

【解析】題目問的是關于大多數記憶保健品,說話者說了什么。短文中間部分提到它們中的大多數背后并沒有科學的支撐,由此可以得出D項為正確答案。A項在原文中并未提及,故排除;短文提到,那些保健品真的不會像其承諾的那樣,給你完美的記憶力,故B項也不正確,可排除;短文后面提到,保健品也是藥品,所以它們肯定有副作用,故C項也不正確,可排除。

14.D

【解題思路】四項均以they開頭,內容涉及的狀態和動作分別為available、taken、collected or grown和prescribed。本題考查的是主語they的某種屬性,聽錄音時應先聽清they的指代對象,并將重點放在各選項的關鍵詞上。

【解析】題目問的是關于東方文化中的記憶保健品,我們了解到什么。短文后面提到東方文化時,談到人們不是只去雜貨店買這些保健品,其實他們還有醫生的處方。由此可知D項為正確答案。A項的表述與原文內容不符,故排除;文中提到會有一定的劑量,但并未說是大劑量,故排除B項;C項的表述在原文中未提及,故排除。

15.B

【解題思路】四項涉及的內容都與某些事物所帶來的結果(后果或效果)有關,比如選項中提到的helpful、entail unnecessary risks、effect和benefited。通過對選項內容的理解,本題考查的內容應該與后果或者影響有關,聽錄音時應將重點放在四項的關鍵詞上(mental exercise,unnecessary risks,lasts only a short time,benefited from)。

【解析】題目問的是關于記憶保健品,說話者在最后說了什么。短文最后提到,很多時候人們并沒有真正意識到它們的副作用,或者與其他藥物一同服用可能會增加風險,本來你是不用對抗或者陷入這種危險的。由此可知B項為正確答案。文中并未提及它們跟頭腦鍛煉一樣有幫助,故A項可排除;C項和D項在原文中都沒有提及,故都排除。

Section C

Recording One

【聽力原文】

The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere.In just the past few weeks,the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia,typhoons in the Philippines,and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.

A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that,between 1980 and 2007,nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two-million people.These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.

U.N.weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news."Over the last 50 years,economic losses have increased by a factor of 50.That sounds pretty terrible,but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people.We are making a difference.Extreme events,however,will continue to occur.But the message is that they need not be disasters.”

Love,who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization,says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather,climate,or water-related extremes.These include droughts,floods,windstorms,strong tropical winds and wildfires.

[16]He says extreme events will continue.But,he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them.

“[16][17]Many of the remedies are well-known.From a planning perspective,it's pretty simple.Build better buildings.Don't build where the hazards will destroy them.From an early-warning perspective,make sure the warnings go right down to the community level.Build community action plans.”

[16][18]The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.

[18]It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens,if not hundreds of lives,each year,in Cuba.But the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend.In 2008,Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes,but only seven people were killed.

Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results.Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people.Through careful preparation,the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.

16.What is the talk mainly about?

17.How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?

18.What does the example of Cuba serve to show?

【整體預測】

快速瀏覽各題選項,根據其中的關鍵詞natural disasters、negative impacts、emergencies、prepare、safer places等可以推斷,本篇講話應該與自然災害、緊急情況、提前準備等內容有關。

16.D

【聽前預測】四項均以how開頭,可能考查某種方式,又由于是第一題,也可能考查講話的主題;四項均提及natural disasters,與自然災害有關;一項含有turn out to be,一項含有appear to be,一項含有negative impacts,問題可能涉及某種消極的影響。各選項分別表示與自然災害有關的不同方面,本題很可能考查講話的主題。

【解析】解答本題需要縱觀整篇講話。講話開頭提到,造成巨大生命和財產損失的自然災害經常發生,但聯合國天氣專家杰弗里·洛夫指出,雖然這些自然災害造成的經濟損失不斷增加,但因災害而死亡的人數卻呈現下降趨勢。隨著時代的發展,極端的天氣事件只有在人們沒能做好準備時才會成為災難。接著講話提到,世界氣象組織以古巴、孟加拉國等國家為例,證明人們現在已經可以通過采取預防措施,成功地減少因自然災害導致的喪生人數。因此選項D“自然災害的負面影響可以如何被降低”是本篇講話的主要內容,故選D。其他三項都沒有涉及“通過做好防范工作來應對自然災害”這一核心內容,故均可排除。

17.B

【聽前預測】四項均為以by+動名詞結構的短語,表示某種方式;三項含有people,一項提到rescue,一項提到prepare,兩項涉及改變(changing,relocating)。本題考查某種應對措施,再結合emergencies和safer,可進一步確認是“緊急情況下的安全應對措施”。

【解析】在講話的中間部分,講話者引用聯合國天氣專家杰弗里·洛夫的話說道:“極端事件只有在人們沒能做好準備時才會成為災難。”就是說,人們現在可以采取多種措施應對自然災害。即“從規劃的角度來說,可以建造更好的建筑,不要在危險可能毀壞它們的地方修建。從提前預警的角度來說,確保預警直接傳達到社區層面。建立社區行動計劃。”歸納其核心意思可知,防止極端的天氣事件變為災難的主要辦法就是通過采取措施使人們提前做好準備,故選B。選項A和C講話中未提及,對話中提到建筑不要在危險可能毀壞它們的地方修建,但并未提及將人們遷移到更安全的地方,D項也應排除。

18.A

【聽前預測】四項均以how開頭,可能考查某種方式;兩項提及古巴人(Cubans),兩項提及熱帶風暴(tropical storms),一項提及disasters;四項的關鍵信息詞分別為preventive、courageous、suffer from、destructive,應留意相關信息。

結論:本題考查的內容與古巴發生的熱帶風暴有關,應著重注意講話提及這一例子的目的。

【解析】講話在近結尾處舉了古巴通過預先采取準備措施來應對自然災害的例子:“世界氣象組織以古巴和孟加拉國為例指出,一些國家已經通過采取預防措施,成功地減少了因自然災害導致的喪生人數。以前在古巴,熱帶風暴如果未導致數百人喪生,也會導致數十人喪生。但是提前預警體系的發展已經扭轉了那種趨勢。2008年,古巴連續被五次颶風襲擊,但只造成了7人死亡。”由此可知,古巴熱帶風暴的例子正是為了說明“預防措施如何能減少生命損失”,故選A。其他三項都偏離了這一例證的目的,故均可排除。

Recording Two

【聽力原文】

[19]As U.S.banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayer,president Obama held meetings with top bank executives,telling them it's time to return the favor.

[19]"The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery,”he said.But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit."It was in a free fall,and it was a very scary period,"Economist Martin Neil Baily said.

After the failure of Lehman Brothers,many of the world's largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed investments in risky loans.

Although he says the worst is over,Bailey says the banking crisis is not.More than 130 U.S.banks failed in 2009.[20]He predicts high failure rates for smaller,regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due.

"So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium-sized businesses in the next year or so.”

Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment,which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend.[21]But U.S.Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently.

“[21]We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.With that in mind,we're putting in everything we can.Lending is the coal to our engine,so we want to make more loans.We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk.”

While some economists predict continued recovery in the future,Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice."You know,forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much.I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it's certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”

[22]If the economy starts to shrink again,Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.

19.What does president Obama hope the banks will do?

20.What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about the financial situation in the future?

21.What does U.S.Bancorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?

22.What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?

【整體預測】

快速瀏覽各題選項,根據其中的關鍵詞pay back、government、loans、financial difficulty、recovery、banks、interest rate等可以推斷,本篇講話與金融、政府、信貸、經濟復蘇等內容有關。

19.C

【聽前預測】四項均為以動詞原形開頭的短語,可能考查即將做某事或被建議做某事;兩項提及貸款(loans),兩項提及復蘇(recovery),應留意相關信息;四項均表示某種積極性、幫助性的行為(pay back,provide,contribute,speed up)。本題可能考查某一對象被建議做某事或即將做某事,其行為會產生某種積極影響,可能與貸款和經濟復蘇有關。

【解析】題目問奧巴馬總統希望各家銀行將做什么。講話開頭處提到:“在美國政府和美國納稅人的幫助下,美國銀行逐漸復蘇,奧巴馬總統與銀行高層管理者們舉行了會談,告知他們是時候作出一些回報了。”接著引用奧巴馬的話指出:“我所看到的情況是,當前銀行應為取得更大范圍復蘇的目標多盡義務。”由此可知,奧巴馬總統希望各家銀行為更大范圍的經濟復蘇貢獻更多力量,故選C。其他三項此處均未提及,故排除。

20.B

【聽前預測】四項均提及banks,本題考查的內容與銀行的情況有關;四項內容均含有某種消極意義(may have to merge with others,are going to fail,will be hard...to,will have to lay off )。題目可能涉及銀行將要面臨的某種不利局面,需要重點關注講話中提到的有關銀行業的不利情況。

【解析】講話在提到馬丁·尼爾·貝利的預測時說:“盡管貝利說最壞的時期已經過去,但他說銀行的危機還沒有結束。2009年,130多家美國銀行倒閉。他預言,隨著商業地產貸款到期,小型的地方性銀行在2010年的倒閉風險較高。”可見,貝利預測小型的地方性銀行將出現倒閉潮,故選B。其他三項與講話內容不符,故排除。

21.D

【聽前預測】四項均以it will開頭,表示即將做某事,聽音時應首先明確it的指代對象;兩項提及貸款(loans),一項提及利率(interest rate),說明it很可能是指銀行。題目很可能考查銀行即將采取的舉措或做法,具體是與政府合作、消除不良貸款、降低利率還是提供更多貸款,需要結合題目作出選擇。

【解析】在講話的后半部分,理查德·戴維斯指出:“我們很可能比專家要更樂觀一些。抱著這樣的想法,我們會盡我們所能。放貸是我們發展的動力,所以我們愿意多放貸。我們必須設法使更多人獲得貸款,同時又不使自己陷入風險之中。”可見,面對不景氣的經濟形勢,合眾銀行未來的運營策略是提供更多的貸款,因為放貸是其發展的動力,故選D。

22.D

【聽前預測】四項均以it開頭,兩項為it won't,兩項為it will;四項的關鍵詞分別為help the...economy、do...good to the...banks、win the approval和be necessary。本題考查關于it的情況,聽音時應先辨明it的指代對象,并將重點放在其功能和作用方面。

【解析】在講話結尾處,貝利指出,如果經濟再度出現萎縮,將勢必要求出臺第二輪的強刺激政策——這是奧巴馬政府希望沒有必要做的事情。也就是說,如果經濟再次出現萎縮,那么奧巴馬政府則有必要出臺第二輪經濟刺激政策,但他們不希望這種情況發生,選項D與此相符,故為正確答案。A、B和C項講話中均未提及,也可排除。

Recording Three

【聽力原文】

A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.Still,there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.

[23]Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills,or recall words,names,and faces that is most common as we age.To reduce or avoid it,researchers have examined the effect of smoking,diet,brain-challenging games,exercise and other strategies.

Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.Co-author James Burke helped design the study.

"In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial.Exercise,diet,cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects,although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.”

[24]Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help.And Burke says that actually does seem to help,based on randomized studies—the researcher's gold standard.

"Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit.The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged.”

The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.However,given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes,plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline,Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.

[25]"I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle,both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint,we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline,which will be proof that these factors are,in fact,important.”

James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.

23.According to the speaker,what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?

24.According to James Burke,what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?

25.What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?

【整體預測】

快速瀏覽各題選項,根據其中的關鍵詞learn、temper、cognitive、community、aging、optimistic、unhealthy、doctors等可以推斷,本篇講話與認知、心理健康等內容有關。

23.A

【聽前預測】四項均為現在分詞短語,且均含有表示某種消極意義的詞匯(unable,rather slow,losing temper,losing the ability)。題目可能考查某類人喪失某種能力,需重點留意各選項中的關鍵信息,并根據題目作出進一步的判斷。

【解析】本題考查的是認知水平下降的癥狀,講話開頭處對老年人的認知水平下降進行了說明:“認知水平下降是隨著我們衰老而出現的一種常見的現象,它是指喪失學習新技能或者回憶話語、姓名或臉龐的能力。”對四個選項一一進行分析可發現,選項A提到的being unable to learn new things與講話中提到的the loss of ability to learn new skills意思相符,故答案為A。其余三項在講話中均未提及,故應排除。

24.A

【聽前預測】四項均為名詞短語,分別意為“認知刺激”“社區活動”“均衡的飲食”和“清新的空氣”,本題可能以what提問,應該是對某處細節的考查。

【解析】講話在提到人名信息James Burke時,引用其觀點指出:“在觀察性研究中,我們發現有一些B族維生素是有益的。運動、飲食和認知刺激表現出一些積極的影響,雖然證據還不夠有力,以使我們實際上對這些策略進行確認。此前的一些研究已經表明,讓你的大腦挑戰一些激發智力的活動可能會有所幫助。伯克說,基于隨機性研究(研究者的黃金標準),這樣的做法看來的確有所幫助。”由此可知,有確切證據表明有效果的是兩個因素:一些B族維生素和讓你的大腦挑戰一些激發智力的活動。對比四個選項,只有選項A“認知刺激”與后者意思相符,故為正確答案。

25.C

【聽前預測】四項均為動名詞短語,關鍵詞分別為ignoring、adopting、endeavoring和seeking,且均含有某些正面、積極的意義。從選項來看,可能考查某項建議或某種積極的做法,聽音時要注意各選項的關鍵詞。

【解析】題目問的是詹姆斯·伯克對于降低認知水平發生率的建議。講話近結尾部分提到:“我認為通過使人們采取健康的生活方式,無論是從醫療角度還是從營養和認知刺激角度,我們都能降低認知水平下降的發生率,這將證明這些因素事實上是非常重要的。”選項C中的give up unhealthy lifestyles是對原文中adopt a healthy lifestyle的同義轉述,故選C。其他三項都不是詹姆斯·伯克的建議,故均可排除。

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