三 結論與討論

人類對貧困的認識在不斷進步，對于貧困的測量也在不斷完善。用于全球貧困監測的兩類貧困標準，即收入/消費標準和多維貧困指數，是目前反映人類貧困最為成熟的方法。這兩種貧困標準，對于加強我國的貧困監測，貫徹實施《中國農村扶貧開發綱要（2011～2020年）》都有重要參考價值。

收入/消費標準能夠簡單地從貨幣視角捕獲貧困人口的經濟狀況，是制定反貧困戰略和政策簡單易懂的貧困測量方法。多維貧困指數把貧困測量拓展到更加全面的維度和指標，以更多的變量來反映人的生活質量。多維貧困指數的出現是人類測量貧困以來的巨大進步，彌補了以往貧困測量對于福祉衡量的不足。該方法特別有助于決定反貧困公共政策干預的優先順序。不僅能夠準確地監測貧困狀況，而且能夠為反貧困戰略和政策提供明確的指向。

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