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第6章 幸福的鑰匙由你掌握 (5)

We hear the sound of wood-chopping at the farmers’ doors, far over the frozen earth, the baying of the house-dog, and the distant clarion of the cock, —though the thin and frosty air conveys only the finer particles of sound to our ears, with short and sweet vibrations, as the waves subside soonest on the purest and lightest liquids, in which gross substances sink to the bottom. They come clear and bell-like, and from a greater distance in the horizon, as if there were fewer impediments than in summer to make them faint and ragged. The ground is sonorous, like seasoned wood, and even the ordinary rural sounds are melodious, and the jingling of the ice on the trees is sweet and liquid. There is the least possible moisture in the atmosphere, all being dried up or congealed, and it is of such extreme tenuity and elasticity that it becomes a source of delight. The withdrawn and tense sky seems groined like the aisles of a cathedral, and the polished air sparkles as if there were crystals of ice floating in it. As they who have resided in Greenland tell us that when it freezes “the sea smokes like burning turf-land, and a fog or mist arises, called frost-smoke,” which “cutting smoke frequently raises blisters on the face and hands, and is very pernicious to the health.” But this pure, stinging cold is an elixir to the lungs, and not so much a frozen mist as a crystallized midsummer haze, refined and purified by cold.

The sun at length rises through the distant woods, as if with the faint clashing, swinging sound of cymbals, melting the air with his beams, and with such rapid steps the morning travels, that already his rays are gilding the distant western mountains. Meanwhile we step hastily along through the powdery snow, warmed by an inward heat, enjoying an Indian summer still, in the increased glow of thought and feeling. Probably if our lives were more conformed to nature, we should not need to defend ourselves against her heats and colds, but find her our constant nurse and friend, as do plants and quadrupeds.

The wonderful purity of nature at this season is a most pleasing fact. Every decayed stump and moss-grown stone and rail, and the dead leaves of autumn, are concealed by a clean napkin of snow. In the bare fields and tinkling woods, see what virtue survives. In the coldest and bleakest places, the warmest charities still maintain a foothold. A cold and searching wind drives away all contagion, and nothing can withstand it but what has a virtue in it, and accordingly, whatever we meet with in cold and bleak places, as the tops of mountains, we respect for a sort of sturdy innocence, a Puritan toughness. All things beside seem to be called in for shelter, and what stays out must be part of the original frame of the universe, and of such valor as God himself. It is invigorating to breathe the cleansed air. Its greater fineness and purity are visible to the eye, and we would fain stay out long and late, that the gales may sigh through us, too, as through the leafless trees, and fit us for the winter, —as if we hoped so to borrow some pure and steadfast virtue, which will stead us in all seasons.

風輕輕地低聲吹著,吹過百葉窗,吹在窗上,輕軟地好像羽毛一般;有時候數聲嘆息,幾乎叫人想起夏季長夜漫漫和風吹動樹葉的聲音。田鼠已經舒舒服服地在地底下的樓房中睡著了,貓頭鷹安坐在沼地深處一棵空心樹里面,兔子、松鼠、狐貍都躲在家里安居不動。看家的狗在火爐旁邊安靜地躺著,牛羊在欄圈里一聲不響地站著。大地也睡著了——這不是長眠,這似乎是它辛勤一年以來的第一次安然入睡。時雖半夜,大自然還是不斷地忙著,只有街上商店招牌或是木屋的門軸上,偶然輕輕地發出嘰咯的聲音,給寂寥的大自然添一些慰藉。茫茫宇宙,在金星和火星之間,只有這些聲音表示天地萬物還沒有全體入睡——我們想起了遠處(就在心里頭吧?)還有溫暖,還有神圣的歡欣和友朋相聚之樂;可是這種境界是天神們互相往來時才能領略,凡人是不勝其荒涼的。天地現在是睡著了,可是空氣中還是充滿了生機,鵝毛片片,不斷地落下,好像有一個北方的五谷女神,正在我們的田畝上撒下無數銀色的谷種。

我們也睡著了,一覺醒來,正是冬天的早晨。萬籟無聲,雪厚厚地堆著,窗檻上像是鋪了溫暖的棉花;窗格子顯得更寬了,玻璃上結了冰紋,光線暗淡而靜,更加強了屋內的舒適愉快的感覺。早晨的安靜,似乎靜在骨子里,我們走到窗口,挑了一處沒有冰霜封住的地方,眺望田野的景色;可是我們單是走這幾步路,腳下的地板已經在吱吱地響。窗外一幢幢的房子都是白雪蓋頂;屋檐下、籬笆上都累累地掛滿了雪條;院子里像石筍似地站了很多雪柱,雪里藏的是什么東西,我們卻看不出來,大樹小樹四面八方的伸出白色的手臂,指向天空;本來是墻壁籬笆的地方,形狀更是奇怪,在昏暗的大地上面,它們向左右延伸,如跳如躍,似乎大自然一夜之間,把田野風景重新設計過,好讓人間的畫師來臨摹。

我們悄悄地拔去了門閂,雪花飄飄,立刻落到屋子里來;走出屋外,寒風迎面撲來,利如刀割。星光已經不這么閃爍光亮,地平線上面籠罩著一層昏昏的鉛狀的薄霧。東方露出一種奇幻的古銅色的光彩,表示天快要亮了;可是四面的景物,還是模模糊糊,一片幽暗,鬼影幢幢,疑非人間。耳邊的聲音,也帶一種鬼氣——雞啼狗吠,木柴的砍劈聲,牛群的低鳴聲——這一切都好像是陰陽河彼岸冥王的農場里所發出的聲音;聲音本身并沒有特別凄涼之處,只是天色未明,這種種活動顯得太莊嚴了,太神秘了,不像是人間所有的。

院子里雪地上,狐貍和水獺所留下的足跡猶新,這使我們想起:即使在冬夜最靜寂的時候,自然界生物沒有一個鐘頭不在活動,它們還在雪上留下痕跡。把院子門打開,我們以輕快的腳步,跨上寂寞的鄉村公路,雪干而脆,腳踏上去發出破碎的聲音;早起的農夫,駕了雪橇,到遠處的市場去趕早市;這輛雪橇一夏天都在農夫的門口閑放著,與木屑稻梗為伍,現在可有了用武之地,它的尖銳清晰刺耳的聲音,對于早起趕路之人,也有提神醒腦的作用。農舍窗上雖然積雪很多,但是屋里的農夫已經早把蠟燭點起,燭光孤寂地照射出來,像一顆暗淡的星。樹際和雪堆之間,炊煙也是一處一處地從煙囪里往上飛升。

大地冰凍,遠處雞啼狗吠;從各處農舍門口,也不時地傳來劈柴的聲音。空氣稀薄干寒,只有比較美妙的聲音才能傳入我們的耳朵,這種音聽來都有一種簡短的可是悅耳的顫動;凡是至清至輕的流體,波動總是稍發即止,因為里面粗粒硬塊,早就沉到底下去了。聲音從地平線的遠處傳來,都清悅明亮,猶如鐘聲,冬天的空氣清明,不像夏天那樣多雜質阻礙,因此聲音聽來也不像夏天那樣毛糙模糊。腳下的土地,鏗鏘有聲,猶如叩響堅硬的古木;一切鄉村間平凡的聲音,此刻聽來都美妙悅耳;樹上的冰條,互相撞擊,其聲琤琮,如流水,如妙樂。

大氣里面一點水分都沒有,水蒸氣不是干化,就是凝結成冰霜的了;空氣十分稀薄而似有彈性,人呼吸其中,自覺心曠神怡。天似乎是繃緊了的,往后收縮,人從下向上望,很像處身大教堂中,頂上是一塊連一塊弧狀的屋頂;空氣中閃光點點,好像有冰晶浮游其間。據在格陵蘭住過的人告訴我們說,那邊結冰的時候,“海就冒煙,像大火燎原一般;而且有一種霧氣上升,名叫煙霧;這種煙霧有害健康,傷人皮膚,能使人手臉等處,生瘡腫脹。”我們這里的寒氣,雖然寒冷入骨,然而質地清純可提神,可清肺;我們不能把它認為是凍結的霧,只能認為是仲夏的霧氣的結晶,經過寒冬的洗滌,越發變得清純了。

太陽最后總算從遠處的林間上升,陽光照處,空中的冰霜都融化,隱隱之中似乎有鐃鈸伴奏,鐃鈸每響一次,陽光的威力逐漸增加;時間很快從黎明變成早晨,早晨也愈來愈老,很快地把西面遠處的山頭,鍍上一層金色。我們匆匆地踏著粉狀的干雪前進,因為思想感情更為激動,內心發出一種熱力,天氣也好像變得像十月小陽春似的溫暖。假如我們能改造我們的生活,和大自然更能配合一致,我們也許就無需畏懼寒暑之侵,我們將同草木走獸一樣,認為大自然是我們的保姆和良友,她是永遠照顧著我們的。

大自然在這個季節,特別顯得純潔,這是我們覺得最為高興的。殘干枯木,苔痕斑斑的石頭和欄桿,秋天的落葉,到現在被大雪淹沒,像上面蓋了一塊干凈的手巾。寒風一吹,無孔不入,一切烏煙瘴氣都一掃而空,凡是不能堅貞自守的,都無法抵御;因此凡是在寒冷荒僻的地方(例如在高山之頂),我們所能看得見的東西,都是值得我們尊敬的,因為它們有一種堅強的純樸的性格——一種清教徒式的堅忍。別的東西都尋求隱蔽保護去了,凡是能卓然獨立于寒風之中者,一定是天地靈氣之所鐘,是自然界骨氣的表現,它們具有和天神一般的勇敢。空氣經過洗滌,呼吸進去特別有勁。空氣的清明純潔,甚至用眼睛都能看得出來;我們寧可整天處在戶外,不到天黑不回家,我們希望朔風吹過光禿禿的大樹一般地吹徹我們的身體,使得我們更能適應寒冬的氣候。我們希望藉此能從大自然借來一點純潔堅定的力量,這種力量對于我們是一年四季都有用的。

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