最新章節

• Uninstalling Packages
• Installing Local Packages with pip
• Installing with pip
• The Python Package Index
• Installing pip
• Installing Third-Party Packages

• Uninstalling Packages 更新時間：2021-07-02 22:17:48
• Installing Local Packages with pip
• Installing with pip
• The Python Package Index
• Installing pip
• Installing Third-Party Packages
• Packaging with distutils
• Installing with distutils
• Configuring a package with distutils
• Packaging and Distribution
• Other tools for working with virtual environments
• Deactivating a virtual environment
• Activating a virtual environment
• Creating a virtual environment
• Virtual Environments
• Afterword – Just the Beginning
• Summary
• Fixing the bug
• Stepping through execution
• Setting explicit breaks
• Finding infinite loops with sampling
• Bug hunting with PDB
• Palindrome debugging
• Debugging commands
• Debugging with PDB
• Summary
• Moment of zen
• Testing for file existence
• Testing for exceptions
• Counting characters
• Counting lines
• Using assertions to test behavior
• Using the new fixtures
• Using fixtures to create temporary files
• Making the test pass
• Running the initial tests
• Unit testing example: text analysis
• Assertions
• Fixtures
• Test cases
• Unit testing with the Python standard library
• Summary
• Other resources
• Using file-like objects
• You've already seen file-like objects!
• File-like objects
• Reading binary files
• Writing a BMP file
• Bitwise operators
• The BMP file format
• Binary files
• Moment of zen
• The with-blocks
• Managing resources with finally
• Context Managers
• File objects as iterators
• Appending to files
• Reading multiple lines at once
• Readline line by line
• Reading files
• The file outside of Python
• Closing files
• Writing to files
• Opening a file for writing
• The important of encoding
• Binary and text modes
• Files
• Files and Resource Management
• Summary
• Hoisting common functionality into a base class
• Inheriting from Aircraft
• A base class for aircraft
• Inheritance and implementation sharing
• Refactoring Aircraft
• Polymorphism and duck-typing
• Making Flight create boarding cards
• Sometimes the only object you need is a function
• Counting available seats
• Implementing relocate_passenger()
• Naming methods for implementation details
• Allocating seats to passengers
• Booking seats
• Moment of zen
• Collaborating classes
• Adding a second class
• Validation and invariants
• A lack of access modifiers
• Instance initializers
• Instance methods
• Defining classes
• Defining new types with classes
• Iteration tools
• Generators
• Summary
• Pulling it all together
• Lazily concatenating sequences with chain()
• More than two sequences with zip()
• Merging sequences with zip
• Sequences of booleans
• Introducing itertools
• Batteries included iteration tools
• Generator expressions
• Generating the Lucas series
• Laziness and the infinite
• Lazy generator pipelines
• Understand these generators!
• The second stateful generator: distinct()
• The first stateful generator: take()
• Maintaining explicit state in the generator function
• When is generator code executed?
• Generators are iterators
• The yield keyword
• Generator functions
• A more practical example of the iteration protocols
• An example of the iteration protocols
• Iteration protocols
• Moment of zen
• Combining filtering and transformation
• Filtering comprehensions
• Comprehension complexity
• Dictionary comprehensions
• Set comprehensions
• Elements of a list comprehension
• List comprehension syntax
• List comprehensions
• Comprehensions
• Comprehensions iterables and generators
• Summary
• Platform-specific code
• Moment of zen
• Clean-up actions
• Pythonic style – EAFP versus LBYL
• Choosing not to guard against TypeError
• KeyError
• ValueError
• IndexError
• Exceptions APIs and protocols
• Guard clauses
• Raising exceptions explicitly
• Catching exceptions
• Exceptions raised by Python
• Exceptions are part of your function's API
• Re-raising exceptions
• Imprudent return codes
• Exception objects
• Empty blocks – the pass statement
• Programmer errors
• Handling multiple exceptions
• Handling exceptions
• Exceptions and control flow
• Exceptions
• Summary
• Other protocols
• Sequence protocol
• Iterable protocol
• Sized protocol
• Container protocol
• Collection protocols
• Subset relationships
• Symmetric difference
• Difference
• Intersection
• Union
• Set algebra operations
• Copying sets
• Removing elements from sets
• Adding elements to sets
• Membership testing of sets
• Iterating over sets
• The set constructor
• set – an unordered collection of unique elements
• Pretty printing
• Mutability of dictionaries
• Removing dictionary items
• Membership testing for dictionary keys
• Iterating over key-value pairs
• Iterating over dictionary values
• Iterating over dictionary keys
• Updating dictionaries
• Copying dictionaries
• Dictionaries
• Out-of-place rearrangement
• Rearranging list elements
• Concatenating lists
• Inserting into a list
• Removing list elements by value with remove()
• Removing list elements by index with del
• Membership testing with count() and in
• Finding list elements with index()
• Repeating lists
• Shallow copies
• Copying lists
• Slicing lists
• Negative indexing for lists (and other sequences)
• list in action
• Not using range: enumerate()
• Step argument
• Starting value
• range – a collection of evenly spaced integers
• Other string methods
• String formatting
• Partitioning strings
• Moment of zen
• Splitting strings
• Joining strings
• Concatenating strings
• The length of a string
• Strings in action
• Membership tests
• The tuple constructor
• Swapping variables with tuple unpacking
• Returning and unpacking tuples
• Optional parentheses
• Empty tuples
• Single-element tuples
• Nested tuples
• Concatenating and repetition of tuples
• Iterating over a tuple
• The length of a tuple
• Tuple element access
• Literal tuples
• tuple – an immutable sequence of objects
• Exploring Built-in Collection types
• Summary
• Inspecting a function
• Everything is an object
• Moment of zen
• The global keyword
• Identical names in global and local scope
• Scopes in action
• The LEGB rule
• Variable declaration and scoping
• Strong typing in Python
• Dynamic typing in Python
• The Python type system
• When are default arguments evaluated?
• Keyword arguments
• Default parameter values
• Function arguments in detail
• Python return semantics
• Argument passing is reference binding
• Binding new objects in a function
• Modifying external objects in a function
• Argument passing semantics – pass by object-reference
• Equality of value (equivalence) versus equality of identity
• References to mutable objects
• Mutating without mutating
• Testing for equality of identity with is
• Exploring value vs. identity with id()
• Assigning one reference to another
• Reassigning a reference
• The nature of Python object references
• Built-in types and the object model
• Summary
• Executable Python programs on Windows
• Executable Python programs on Linux and Mac
• Shebang
• Comments
• Docstrings
• Moment of zen
• Accepting command line arguments
• Setting up a main function with command line argument
• The difference between modules scripts and programs
• The Python execution model
• The __name__ type and executing modules from the command line
• Organizing our module into functions
• Defining functions
• Importing modules into the REPL
• Running Python programs from the operating system shell
• Organizing code in a .py file
• Modularity
• Summary
• Putting it all together
• The For-loops – iterating over series of items
• The dict type – associating keys with values
• list – a sequence of objects
• Converting between bytes and str
• Literal bytes
• The bytes type – an immutable sequence of bytes
• Strings with Unicode
• String methods
• Strings as sequences
• The str constructor
• Raw strings
• Multiline strings and newlines
• Concatenation of adjacent strings
• Moment of zen
• String quoting styles
• str – an immutable sequence of Unicode code points
• Strings and Collections
• Summary
• Exiting loops with break
• Conditional repetition: the while-loop
• if...elif...else
• if...else
• Conditional control flow: The if-statement
• Control flow: if-statements and while-loops
• Rich comparison operators
• Relational operators
• bool
• None
• Promotion to float
• Special floating point values
• float
• int
• Scalar data types: integers floats None and bool
• Different types of numbers
• Counting fruit with math.factorial()
• Getting help()
• Importing standard library modules
• Python culture
• Code structure and significant indentation
• Unix
• Windows
• Leaving the REPL
• Starting Python command line REPL
• Linux
• macOS
• Windows
• Obtaining and installing Python 3
• Getting started
• Downloading the color images of this book
• Downloading the example code
• Conventions Used in This Book
• Errata and Suggestions
• The journey of a thousand miles…
• It's a philosophy
• It's a standard library!
• Versions of the Python language
• It's a programming language!
• What is Python?
• Overview
• Python Promo
• Preface
• Customer Feedback
• www.PacktPub.com
• About the Authors
• Credits
• Title Page
• coverpage

• coverpage
• Title Page
• Credits
• About the Authors
• www.PacktPub.com
• Customer Feedback
• Preface
• Python Promo
• Overview
• What is Python?
• It's a programming language!
• Versions of the Python language
• It's a standard library!
• It's a philosophy
• The journey of a thousand miles…
• Errata and Suggestions
• Conventions Used in This Book
• Downloading the example code
• Downloading the color images of this book
• Getting started
• Obtaining and installing Python 3
• Windows
• macOS
• Linux
• Starting Python command line REPL
• Leaving the REPL
• Windows
• Unix
• Code structure and significant indentation
• Python culture
• Importing standard library modules
• Getting help()
• Counting fruit with math.factorial()
• Different types of numbers
• Scalar data types: integers floats None and bool
• int
• float
• Special floating point values
• Promotion to float
• None
• bool
• Relational operators
• Rich comparison operators
• Control flow: if-statements and while-loops
• Conditional control flow: The if-statement
• if...else
• if...elif...else
• Conditional repetition: the while-loop
• Exiting loops with break
• Summary
• Strings and Collections
• str – an immutable sequence of Unicode code points
• String quoting styles
• Moment of zen
• Concatenation of adjacent strings
• Multiline strings and newlines
• Raw strings
• The str constructor
• Strings as sequences
• String methods
• Strings with Unicode
• The bytes type – an immutable sequence of bytes
• Literal bytes
• Converting between bytes and str
• list – a sequence of objects
• The dict type – associating keys with values
• The For-loops – iterating over series of items
• Putting it all together
• Summary
• Modularity
• Organizing code in a .py file
• Running Python programs from the operating system shell
• Importing modules into the REPL
• Defining functions
• Organizing our module into functions
• The __name__ type and executing modules from the command line
• The Python execution model
• The difference between modules scripts and programs
• Setting up a main function with command line argument
• Accepting command line arguments
• Moment of zen
• Docstrings
• Comments
• Shebang
• Executable Python programs on Linux and Mac
• Executable Python programs on Windows
• Summary
• Built-in types and the object model
• The nature of Python object references
• Reassigning a reference
• Assigning one reference to another
• Exploring value vs. identity with id()
• Testing for equality of identity with is
• Mutating without mutating
• References to mutable objects
• Equality of value (equivalence) versus equality of identity
• Argument passing semantics – pass by object-reference
• Modifying external objects in a function
• Binding new objects in a function
• Argument passing is reference binding
• Python return semantics
• Function arguments in detail
• Default parameter values
• Keyword arguments
• When are default arguments evaluated?
• The Python type system
• Dynamic typing in Python
• Strong typing in Python
• Variable declaration and scoping
• The LEGB rule
• Scopes in action
• Identical names in global and local scope
• The global keyword
• Moment of zen
• Everything is an object
• Inspecting a function
• Summary
• Exploring Built-in Collection types
• tuple – an immutable sequence of objects
• Literal tuples
• Tuple element access
• The length of a tuple
• Iterating over a tuple
• Concatenating and repetition of tuples
• Nested tuples
• Single-element tuples
• Empty tuples
• Optional parentheses
• Returning and unpacking tuples
• Swapping variables with tuple unpacking
• The tuple constructor
• Membership tests
• Strings in action
• The length of a string
• Concatenating strings
• Joining strings
• Splitting strings
• Moment of zen
• Partitioning strings
• String formatting
• Other string methods
• range – a collection of evenly spaced integers
• Starting value
• Step argument
• Not using range: enumerate()
• list in action
• Negative indexing for lists (and other sequences)
• Slicing lists
• Copying lists
• Shallow copies
• Repeating lists
• Finding list elements with index()
• Membership testing with count() and in
• Removing list elements by index with del
• Removing list elements by value with remove()
• Inserting into a list
• Concatenating lists
• Rearranging list elements
• Out-of-place rearrangement
• Dictionaries
• Copying dictionaries
• Updating dictionaries
• Iterating over dictionary keys
• Iterating over dictionary values
• Iterating over key-value pairs
• Membership testing for dictionary keys
• Removing dictionary items
• Mutability of dictionaries
• Pretty printing
• set – an unordered collection of unique elements
• The set constructor
• Iterating over sets
• Membership testing of sets
• Adding elements to sets
• Removing elements from sets
• Copying sets
• Set algebra operations
• Union
• Intersection
• Difference
• Symmetric difference
• Subset relationships
• Collection protocols
• Container protocol
• Sized protocol
• Iterable protocol
• Sequence protocol
• Other protocols
• Summary
• Exceptions
• Exceptions and control flow
• Handling exceptions
• Handling multiple exceptions
• Programmer errors
• Empty blocks – the pass statement
• Exception objects
• Imprudent return codes
• Re-raising exceptions
• Exceptions are part of your function's API
• Exceptions raised by Python
• Catching exceptions
• Raising exceptions explicitly
• Guard clauses
• Exceptions APIs and protocols
• IndexError
• ValueError
• KeyError
• Choosing not to guard against TypeError
• Pythonic style – EAFP versus LBYL
• Clean-up actions
• Moment of zen
• Platform-specific code
• Summary
• Comprehensions iterables and generators
• Comprehensions
• List comprehensions
• List comprehension syntax
• Elements of a list comprehension
• Set comprehensions
• Dictionary comprehensions
• Comprehension complexity
• Filtering comprehensions
• Combining filtering and transformation
• Moment of zen
• Iteration protocols
• An example of the iteration protocols
• A more practical example of the iteration protocols
• Generator functions
• The yield keyword
• Generators are iterators
• When is generator code executed?
• Maintaining explicit state in the generator function
• The first stateful generator: take()
• The second stateful generator: distinct()
• Understand these generators!
• Lazy generator pipelines
• Laziness and the infinite
• Generating the Lucas series
• Generator expressions
• Batteries included iteration tools
• Introducing itertools
• Sequences of booleans
• Merging sequences with zip
• More than two sequences with zip()
• Lazily concatenating sequences with chain()
• Pulling it all together
• Summary
• Generators
• Iteration tools
• Defining new types with classes
• Defining classes
• Instance methods
• Instance initializers
• A lack of access modifiers
• Validation and invariants
• Adding a second class
• Collaborating classes
• Moment of zen
• Booking seats
• Allocating seats to passengers
• Naming methods for implementation details
• Implementing relocate_passenger()
• Counting available seats
• Sometimes the only object you need is a function
• Making Flight create boarding cards
• Polymorphism and duck-typing
• Refactoring Aircraft
• Inheritance and implementation sharing
• A base class for aircraft
• Inheriting from Aircraft
• Hoisting common functionality into a base class
• Summary
• Files and Resource Management
• Files
• Binary and text modes
• The important of encoding
• Opening a file for writing
• Writing to files
• Closing files
• The file outside of Python
• Reading files
• Readline line by line
• Reading multiple lines at once
• Appending to files
• File objects as iterators
• Context Managers
• Managing resources with finally
• The with-blocks
• Moment of zen
• Binary files
• The BMP file format
• Bitwise operators
• Writing a BMP file
• Reading binary files
• File-like objects
• You've already seen file-like objects!
• Using file-like objects
• Other resources
• Summary
• Unit testing with the Python standard library
• Test cases
• Fixtures
• Assertions
• Unit testing example: text analysis
• Running the initial tests
• Making the test pass
• Using fixtures to create temporary files
• Using the new fixtures
• Using assertions to test behavior
• Counting lines
• Counting characters
• Testing for exceptions
• Testing for file existence
• Moment of zen
• Summary
• Debugging with PDB
• Debugging commands
• Palindrome debugging
• Bug hunting with PDB
• Finding infinite loops with sampling
• Setting explicit breaks
• Stepping through execution
• Fixing the bug
• Summary
• Afterword – Just the Beginning
• Virtual Environments
• Creating a virtual environment
• Activating a virtual environment
• Deactivating a virtual environment
• Other tools for working with virtual environments
• Packaging and Distribution
• Configuring a package with distutils
• Installing with distutils
• Packaging with distutils
• Installing Third-Party Packages
• Installing pip
• The Python Package Index
• Installing with pip
• Installing Local Packages with pip
• Uninstalling Packages 更新時間：2021-07-02 22:17:48