Peking opera was denounced as “feudalistic” and “bourgeoise” during the Cultural Revolution， and replaced with the eight revolutionary model operas as a means of propaganda and indoctrination。 After the Cultural Revolution， these transformations were largely undone。 In recent years， Peking opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers。 These reforms， which include improving performance quality， adapting new performance elements， and performing new and original plays， have met with mixed success。

2京劇的特殊表達(dá)

（1）京劇中的表演手法

Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing art。 That is， sing （singing）， read （speak and talk） and do （performance）， fight （martial arts） for the integration。 Beijing opera features four main types of performers。

sing唱read念

do做fight打

（2）京劇中的角色

The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience。 It uses different colors and strokes to exaggerate actors’ features， either to beautify them or to make them ugly。 They are used to show the personality of the character and to add a touch of drama to the role。

Sheng生Dan旦

Jing凈Chou丑

京劇中的內(nèi)容豐富多樣，有不同的表演方法，不同的發(fā)音技巧，還有各式各樣的臉譜。雖然它只有兩百多年的歷史，但它的發(fā)展相當(dāng)迅速。到目前為止，還是最流行的一種戲曲。京劇帶給我們的不僅僅是那精湛的表演功夫，更是中國(guó)人民的藝術(shù)結(jié)晶。

Key words ＆ Sentences

關(guān)鍵詞句全知道

Chinese traditional opera is considered as one of three ancient operas in the world together with Greek tragedy and comedy， and Indian Sanskrit opera。

京劇和希臘悲劇、喜劇，印度梵劇并稱(chēng)為世界三大古劇。

Among the more than 360 ancient local operas in china， Peking Opera is known as China’s national opera。

在中國(guó)360多個(gè)地方劇種中，京劇處于國(guó)劇的地位。

Peking Opera arose in the late 18th century but not became fully developed and recognized until the mid－19th century。

京劇出現(xiàn)在18世紀(jì)，但到了19世紀(jì)才得到充分的發(fā)展和認(rèn)可。

Mei Lanfang， Shang Xiaoyun， Cheng Yanqiu and Xun Huisheng were named as the four most famous actors of Peking Opera at that time。

那時(shí)候，京劇中有四位代表性的演員：梅蘭芳、尚小云、程硯秋、荀慧生。

Specific types of facial make－up in Peking Opera are put on actors’ faces to symbolize the personalities， characteristics， and fates of the roles。

有一些特別的臉譜是為了有象征性地顯示出演員的個(gè)性，特點(diǎn)和角色命運(yùn)。

Red facial types have positive meanings， symbolizing brave， faithful， and wise men。

紅色臉譜表示忠勇義烈。

Beijing opera was popular during Qing dynasty。

京劇在清朝時(shí)期很流行。

During the 20th century， Beijing opera witnessed a steady decline in audience numbers。

在20世紀(jì)，京劇的觀眾越來(lái)越少。

There are so many famous Beijing operas in our lives， for example， Farewell to My Concubine， Drunkened Concubine。

在我們生活周?chē)€流傳著很多的出名的京劇，例如《霸王別姬》，《貴妃醉酒》。

Beijing opera was listed in the Representative List of the Intangible cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010。

2010年，京劇列入“人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄”。

Black facial types represent brave and upright men， even the rash ones。

黑色的臉譜表示勇猛、正直甚至魯莽。

Blue and green facial types represent men who have bad temper。

藍(lán)色或綠色的臉譜表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物

Facial type is a prominent feature of Beijing Opera。

臉譜是京劇中最有特色的藝術(shù)。

Beijing Opera is traditional Chinese art。

京劇，是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。

On the source of facial types， the general view is from mask。

關(guān)于臉譜，一般的說(shuō)法是來(lái)自假面具。

The methods of painting and coloring of facial makeup in Beijing Opera basically divided into three categories： rub faces， smear faces and sketch faces。

京劇臉譜的畫(huà)法，基本上分為三類(lèi)：揉臉、抹臉、勾臉。

Mr Meilanfang， the master of Peking Opera， spent more than fifty years on stage。

中國(guó)京劇藝術(shù)大師梅蘭芳有五十多年的舞臺(tái)生涯。

The heroine of Dou E’s Grievance is a typical “Qingyi” character。

京劇《竇娥冤》中的女主角竇娥就是典型的青衣角色。

Mr Meilanfang is the symbol of Chinese acting art and is our nation’s pride。

梅蘭芳先生是中國(guó)表演藝術(shù)的象征，是我國(guó)人民的驕傲。

Let’s Talk！

開(kāi)始交流吧！

Alice： Peter， have you ever seen a Peking Opera？

艾里斯：皮特，你看過(guò)京劇嗎？

Peter： Of course。 Peking Opera is kind of symbol of China。 I suppose every foreigner would manage to see it。

皮特：當(dāng)然看過(guò)。京劇是中國(guó)的一種象征。我想每個(gè)外國(guó)人都會(huì)設(shè)法去看看的。

Alice： Great。 What repertoire did you see？

艾里斯：太棒了。你看的是什么劇目？

Peter： Umm。 I don’t remember the name。 But the story is about a defeated king whose concubine killed herself。

皮特：嗯。我不記得名字了。但故事是關(guān)于一個(gè)戰(zhàn)敗的國(guó)王，他的妃子自殺了。

Alice： That must be The King Says Farewell to His Concubine。 What do you think of Peking Opera？

艾里斯：那肯定是“霸王別姬”。你認(rèn)為京劇怎么樣？

Peter： Well， it is an admirable art and at the same time a difficult abstract art。

皮特：嗯。它是一種令人贊嘆的藝術(shù)，同時(shí)也是一種抽象的，理解起來(lái)有點(diǎn)困難的藝術(shù)。

Alice： So it is。 Peking Opera synthesizes music， drama， dancing， and acrobatics along with very elaborate costumes and a minimum of props， according to traditions and customs dating back as far as the twelfth century。

艾里斯：的確如你所說(shuō)。京劇結(jié)合了音樂(lè)、話劇、舞蹈和雜技于一身。它的戲裝非常精致，道具很少，可追溯至12世紀(jì)的傳統(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗。

Peter： Oh， I don’t know that！ You guys are lucky to have such wonderful heritage。

皮特：哦。我還真不知道這些！你們擁有這樣的傳統(tǒng)真是幸運(yùn)。

Alice： There is a Beijing Opera show tonight。 Let’s go to watch it together， all right？

艾里斯：今天晚上有一場(chǎng)京劇，咱們一起去看吧，怎么樣？

Peter： What Peking Opera shows are on today？ Are the actors famous？

皮特：今天上演什么京劇劇目？演員有名嗎？

Alice： Drunkened Concubine。 I can’t recall their names， but according to the newspaper， they are all very famous。

艾里斯：貴妃醉酒。我說(shuō)不出他們的名字。不過(guò)報(bào)紙上說(shuō)，那些演員都挺有名的。

Peter： All right then， when do we leave？

皮特：那好，咱們幾點(diǎn)出發(fā)？

Alice： The Opera begins at seven p。m。， let’s leave at a quarter past six。

艾里斯：京劇晚上七點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，咱們六點(diǎn)一刻出發(fā)吧。

Peter： It is a deal。

皮特：一言為定。

Bruce Lee and Chinese Kung Fu

李小龍和中國(guó)功夫

中國(guó)功夫之所以受到世界矚目，與它的文化歷史淵源是分不開(kāi)的。功夫不是單純的拳腳運(yùn)動(dòng)，它是民族智慧的結(jié)晶，也是民族傳統(tǒng)文化的體現(xiàn)。李小龍的一生是短暫的，但卻如同一顆耀眼的彗星劃過(guò)國(guó)際武壇的上空，對(duì)現(xiàn)代技擊術(shù)和電影表演藝術(shù)的發(fā)展作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。他主演的功夫片風(fēng)行海外，中國(guó)功夫也隨之聞名世界。

Realize Bruce Lee and Chinese Kung Fu

認(rèn)識(shí)李小龍和中國(guó)功夫

1李小龍和中國(guó)功夫簡(jiǎn)介

Kung fu （also known as wushu or martial arts） is one of the most well known examples of traditional Chinese culture。 It is probably one of the earliest and longest lasting sports which utilizes both brawn and brain。 The theory of Kungfu is based upon classical Chinese philosophy。 Over its long history it has developed as a unique combination of exercise， practical self－defense， self－discipline and art。