J.R.R. TOLKIEN A BIOGRAPHY

Copyright ? The Estate of the late Humphrey Carpenter 1977, 1978, 1982

? and ‘Tolkien’? are registered trade marks of The Tolkien Estate Limited

Humphrey Carpenter asserts the moral right to be acknowledged as the author of this work.

Chinese simplified translation copyright ? 2024 by Horizon Media Co., Ltd.,

A division of Shanghai Century Publishing Co., Ltd.

This edition arranged with Harper Collins Publishers Limited.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED