二、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整

Industrial Development and Structural Adjustment

（一）產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

industrial structure

國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策

state（or national）industrial policies

國民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈

the lifelines of national economy

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

structure of production/industrial structure

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

optimization of（optimize）the industrial structure

產(chǎn)業(yè)升級

upgrading industries/industrial upgrading

產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃（行業(yè)規(guī)劃）

industrial plan

核心基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)

core（basic）industries

核心競爭力

the core competitiveness of enterprises

傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)

traditional industries

支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)

pillar industry

優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)

superior industry/strong industry

第一產(chǎn)業(yè)

primary industry

第二產(chǎn)業(yè)

secondary industry

第三產(chǎn)業(yè)

tertiary industry

第四產(chǎn)業(yè)

fourth order of enterprises/fourth industry

勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)

labor-intensive industry

知識密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)

knowledge-intensive industry

資本集約工業(yè)（資本密集型工業(yè)）

capital-intensive industry

幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)

newly rising（infant）industry

新興產(chǎn)業(yè)

rising industry/burgeoning industry

非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)

non-farming industry

基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)（基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)）

basic industry/infrastructural industry

房地產(chǎn)業(yè)

real estate sector

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)

high-tech industry

壟斷行業(yè)

monopoly industry

產(chǎn)業(yè)化

industrialize

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式

mode of economic growth

經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整

readjustment of（or in）the economic structure/structural restructuring of economy

經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

optimization of the economic structure

優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

optimize the industrial structure

優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)［資本］結(jié)構(gòu)

optimize the economic［capital］structure

城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)

the dual structure in urban and rural economy

經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模

economic scale

新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點

new point（s）of（or for）economic growth/new economic growth point（or area）

優(yōu)勢互補

having complementary advantages/take advantage of each other's strengths

產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)

mix of product/product mix

產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量

quality of product/product quality

長線產(chǎn)品

oversupplied（or goods）products

短線產(chǎn)品

product（or goods）in short supply

轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)

change the line of production/reorientation of production

技術(shù)（產(chǎn)業(yè)）升級

raising the technological level/technology（industrial）upgrading

自主開發(fā)能力

the ability to manufacture all components of integrated system

燎原計劃

Prairie Fire Plan

把開發(fā)新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新產(chǎn)業(yè)同開拓市場結(jié)合起來

combine the efforts to develop new technologies，products and industries with the efforts to open up markets

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理

inappropriate industrial structure

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和升級

readjust and improve industrial structure

改造和提高傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)

transform and upgrade traditional industries

加強第一產(chǎn)業(yè)

strengthen the primary industry

積極發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)

vigorously develop the tertiary industry

發(fā)展商業(yè)、金融、保險、旅游、信息、咨詢、居民服務(wù)等第三產(chǎn)業(yè)

develop the tertiary industry including commerce，banking（or finance），insurance，tourism，information and consulting services and neighborhood services

關(guān)停并轉(zhuǎn)

close down，suspend operation，merge with others or shift to a different line of production

國民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體素質(zhì)和效益

the overall quality and performance of the national economy

加快發(fā)展水利、交通、通信、環(huán)保等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)

施和鋼鐵、能源等基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)

accelerate the development of infrastructure including water conservancy，transportation（or communications），telecommunications and environmental protection and of the basic industries such as iron and steel and energy sectors

調(diào)整和優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

readjust and optimize the industrial structure（or the structure of industry）

調(diào)整和提高第二產(chǎn)業(yè)

readjust and upgrade the secondary industry

推進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化

give impetus to the extension of the use of information technology in national economy/try to informationize the national economy

引導(dǎo)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展

guide the real estate sector onto a path of sound development

轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式，改變高投入、低產(chǎn)出，高消耗、低效益的狀況

change the mode of economic growth，putting an end to the situation featuring high input，low output，high consumption and low efficiency

經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整

strategic readjustment in the economic structure

振興機(jī)械電子、石油化工、汽車制造和建筑業(yè)等支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)

invigorate pillar industries such as the machine building and electronics industries，the petrochemical industry，the automobile industry and construction industry（or building industry）

正確處理第一、二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的關(guān)系

correctly handle the relationships between primary，secondary and tertiary industries

走新型工業(yè)化道路

take a new road to industrialization

（二）農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

Agriculture and Rural Economy

農(nóng)業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)

agriculture as the foundation of the economy

農(nóng)業(yè)投入

agricultural input/input（or investment）in agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化

modernization of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營

industrial management of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長

sustained and steady growth of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)多種經(jīng)營

diversified agricultural economy

農(nóng)業(yè)法

Agriculture Law

農(nóng)業(yè)富余勞動力

surplus rural labor forces

農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣法

Law of the Agricultural Technology（or Agro Technique）Extension

農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化

mechanization of agriculture/farm mechanization

農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

agricultural infrastructure

農(nóng)業(yè)集約經(jīng)營

intensive management of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣網(wǎng)絡(luò)

agricultural technology extension network

農(nóng)業(yè)抗災(zāi)能力

the ability of agriculture to withstand natural

disasters

農(nóng)業(yè)科技革命

scientific and technological revolution in agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)

internal（or interior）structure of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)商品化

commercialization of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系

socialized service system for agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件

production conditions in agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)條件

the basic conditions for agricultural production

農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整

readjustment of the structure of agricultural production

農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力水平

the level of agricultural productive forces/the level of agricultural productivity

農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境

ecological environment in（or for）agriculture/agroecological environment

農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營

agricultural production and operation at a proper scale/proper-scale operations of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化

specialization of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)裝備水平

the standards of agricultural equipment/the quality and quantity of farming equipment

農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)

the overall development of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)綜合效益

the overall efficiency of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值

the total output value of agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力

production capacity/overall productivity in agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)

regional economy in agriculture

“三農(nóng)”問題（農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民問題）

the questions of agriculture，rural areas and farmers/（the issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants）/（the issues of agriculture，rural areas and farmers）

農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

larger-scale farming

農(nóng)業(yè)人口

agricultural population

農(nóng)業(yè)稅費改革

the reform of tax and fee collections in the rural areas

大農(nóng)業(yè)

greater（multi-form）agriculture

三高農(nóng)業(yè)

high-yield，cost-efficient and high-tech farming/high-tech farming with high yields and returns

生存農(nóng)業(yè)

subsistence agriculture

創(chuàng)匯農(nóng)業(yè)

export oriented agriculture/agriculture with export and foreign exchange earnings as its main objective/agriculture that generates foreign exchange earnings

特色農(nóng)業(yè)

specialized agriculture

高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效農(nóng)業(yè)

highly efficient farming to provide greater and better yields

集約農(nóng)業(yè)

intensive agriculture

旱作農(nóng)業(yè)

dry-land farming

家庭承包責(zé)任制

household-based contract responsibility system

聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包

contract with remuneration linked to output

聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制

contract system with remuneration linked to output

家庭承包經(jīng)營

household contract operation

聯(lián)產(chǎn)計酬

calculation of remuneration according to output

打白條

issue（write out）an IOU（I owe you）

責(zé)任制

the household responsibility system/responsibility system

家庭承包制

household-based contract system

生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制

production responsibility system

土地承包

land contract/contracting of land

土地承包關(guān)系

land contract relations

土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)

the transfer of the contractual right of land

土地承包期

land contract period（or term）

大包干

all-round contract（system）

包產(chǎn)到戶

fixing of farm output quotas for each household

包產(chǎn)田，承包田

contracted field

試驗田

pilot undertaking/experimental field

中低產(chǎn)田

medium-and low-yield fields

“土地流轉(zhuǎn)”

land exchange

糧食播種面積

grain acreage

糧食單位面積產(chǎn)量

per unit area yield of grain

糧食風(fēng)險基金制度

grain risk fund system

糧食生產(chǎn)

grain production

糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力

overall grain production capacity/the comprehensive grain production ability

穩(wěn)定發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn)

steadily develop grain production

穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn)能力

stabilize our grain production capacities

糧食自給率

self-sufficiency rate of grain

糧食總產(chǎn)量

total grain output

糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)

the main grain-producing area

糧食主銷區(qū)

the main grain-consuming area

糧食安全

grain security/stability of the grain market food security

糧食收購價

grain purchasing price

“米袋子”工程

“rice bag”project農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

agriculture products

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)

farm products processing industry

成品糧

food grain

商品糧

commodity grain/marketable grain

專用糧

grain for special use

飼料糧

（animal）feed grain

高產(chǎn)作物

high-yield crop/high productive crop

抗（耐）寒作物

cold-resistant crop

抗（耐）旱作物

drought-resistant crops

抗霜作物

frost-resistant crops

旱澇保收

ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain/ensure profits no matter how the situation changes

科學(xué)種田

scientific farming

精耕細(xì)作

intensive cultivation/intensive and meticulous farming

穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn)

stable and high yields

深加工產(chǎn)品

deeply-processed products

單產(chǎn)

per unit（area）yield

單一種植

one-crop farming/single cropping

顆粒肥料

granulated fertilizer

深度施肥

deep fertilization

無土栽培

soilless culture

地膜

mulch film

農(nóng)田基本建設(shè)

capital construction of farmland/construction of farmland improvement projects

改造中低產(chǎn)田

reform medium-and low-yield fields

水土保持

water and soil conservation

因地制宜

adjust measures to local conditions/proceed in light of local conditions

自給自足

self-sufficient

自產(chǎn)自銷

market one's own products

增產(chǎn)增收

increase both production and income

林業(yè)

forestry

林業(yè)建設(shè)

construction in forestry/forestry development

草原

grassland

防風(fēng)林

windbreak（forest）

荒漠

barren desert/waste land

山地

mountains

經(jīng)濟(jì)作物

industrial crop/cash crop

畜牧業(yè)

animal husbandry

漁業(yè)

fishery

漁業(yè)法

Fisheries Law

遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)

deep-sea fishery

海洋漁業(yè)

marine fishery

水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖

aquiculture/aquaculture

水產(chǎn)業(yè)

aquaculture

深海魚油

deep sea fish oil

深海魚苗

deep sea fish fry

庭院經(jīng)濟(jì)

courtyard economy

家庭副業(yè)

household sideline production

家庭工業(yè)

household industry/

household manufacture

村辦企業(yè)

village-run enterprise

農(nóng)用工業(yè)

agro-industry

多種經(jīng)營

diversified economy/engage in diverse economic undertakings

名特產(chǎn)品

famous special（local）product

農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)

farm and sideline products processing（industry）

農(nóng)工貿(mào)一體化

integration of agriculture，industry and trade

農(nóng)林牧副漁各業(yè)

farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery

水利建設(shè)

construction of water conservancy facilities（or of water-control facilities）/the building of water conservancy projects/water conservancy construction

興修水利

engage in water conservancy projects

南水北調(diào)

South-to-North water diversion/diverting water from the south to the north/divert water from the Yangtze River to North China

南水北調(diào)工程

projects to divert water from the south to the north

農(nóng)田水利工程

farmland water conservancy works

灌溉工程

irrigation projects

灌溉面積

irrigated area

節(jié)水灌溉

water-saving irrigation

節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)

an agriculture with good water-saving results/water-efficient agriculture

泛洪區(qū)

flooded area/flood plain

洪峰

flood peak

水淹區(qū)

flooded（inundated）area

蓄洪工程

flood storage project

蓄洪區(qū)

flood storage area

防洪

prevent（or control）floods/flood prevention（or control）

防洪能力

the capability of preventing floods

防洪調(diào)蓄能力

flood-control，flow-management and storage capabilities

防洪治澇

flood prevention and water-logging control

防汛抗旱

flood control and drought relief

集約化

intensive

集約經(jīng)營

intensive operation

農(nóng)村改革

rural reform（s）

農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

rural economy

集體經(jīng)濟(jì)

collective economy

農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

rural structure of production

農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革

rural reform of the economic structure/rural economic restructuring

農(nóng)村市場

rural market

農(nóng)村稅費制度

the system of administrative fees and taxes in rural areas

農(nóng)村信用社

rural credit cooperatives

農(nóng)村供銷社

rural supply and marketing cooperatives

供銷合作社

supply and marketing cooperatives

信用合作社

credit cooperatives

農(nóng)村商業(yè)網(wǎng)點

a network of commercial establishments in rural areas/rural commercial establishments and networks

農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)建設(shè)

construction of power grids in rural areas

鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)

township enterprises/town and township enterprises/township and village enterprises

鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)法

Law on Town and Township Enterprises

農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營自主權(quán)

the decision-making power of peasants in their production and operations/farmers'autonomy in production and operation

農(nóng)民土地使用權(quán)

peasants'right to land-use

農(nóng)民合法權(quán)益

the peasants'lawful rights and interests

農(nóng)民合作經(jīng)濟(jì)組織

the peasants'cooperative economic organizations

農(nóng)民收入

the peasants'income

農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)

peasants'burdens

單干戶

household engaged in individual farming

五保戶

household enjoying five guarantees

缺糧戶

grain deficient household

土地

land

土地管理

land administration

土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度

land operation rights transfer system

土地適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營

proper-scale land operation/operation of land at a proper scale

農(nóng)村剩余勞動力（農(nóng)村富余勞動力）

surplus rural labor（laborers）forces

農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移

the transfer of rural surplus labor

按保護(hù)價收購農(nóng)民余糧

purchase peasants'surplus grain at protective prices

按照建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的要求，深化農(nóng)村改革

deepen rural reform in accordance with the requirements for establishing a socialist market economy

保持農(nóng)民收入的穩(wěn)定增長

ensure the steady increase of the peasants'income

保護(hù)農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益

protect the peasants'legitimate rights and interests

保持農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展

maintain sustained development of agriculture and rural economy

必須始終把農(nóng)業(yè)放在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的首位

We must always give first priority to agriculture in the development of national economy.

必須始終把發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力水平作為整個農(nóng)村工作的中心

We must always make the development of rural economy and raising of the level of agricultural productive forces as the central task of all our rural work.

“菜籃子”工程

“vegetable basket”project

“菜籃子”市長負(fù)責(zé)制

the system of city mayors assuming responsibility for the“vegetable basket”

長期穩(wěn)定土地承包關(guān)系

long-term contracts on land lease

長期穩(wěn)定黨的農(nóng)村基本政策

keep the Party's basic rural policies stable for a long time to come/stabilize the Party's basic rural policies over a long period of time

大力推進(jìn)科教興農(nóng)

step up the effort to develop agriculture by relying on science and education

調(diào)動廣大農(nóng)民的積極性

arouse（or mobilize，or stimulate）the enthusiasm（or initiative）of the broad masses of the peasants

對農(nóng)民要多予少取

More should be given（to）and less taken from peasants.

發(fā)揮各地農(nóng)業(yè)的比較優(yōu)勢

adjust the patterns of agricultural production appropriately in different regions，taking into account their local comparative advantages

高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效農(nóng)業(yè)

an agriculture featuring high yields，fine quality and high efficiency

耕地總量的動態(tài)平衡

the dynamic equilibrium of the total cultivated land

國家對農(nóng)業(yè)的支持和保護(hù)體系

a system of the state for supporting and protecting agriculture/a system of state support and protection for agriculture

基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)制度

a system for the basic farmland protection/the basic farmland protecting system

加快以水利為重點的農(nóng)業(yè)基本建設(shè)

accelerate agricultural capital construction focused on water conservancy projects

加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位

strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy

加強農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)

step up the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure

堅持以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的經(jīng)營制度

adhere to the operation system of combining unification and separation，with the household contract operation as the basis

減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)

lighten the burden on peasants/lighten the peasants'burdens

積極探索實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的具體途徑

try to explore concrete ways to realize modernization of agriculture

科教興農(nóng)

develop agriculture by relying on science and education（or on science and technology and on education）

糧食基本自給

basic self-efficiency in grain

糧棉穩(wěn)定增產(chǎn)

steady increase of the output of grain and cotton/steadily increase the output of grain and cotton

“米袋子”省長負(fù)責(zé)制

the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the“rice bag”

農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy.

農(nóng)業(yè)科研、教育、技術(shù)推廣相結(jié)合

integrate research，education and technique extension in agriculture

農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問題是關(guān)系改革開放和現(xiàn)

代化建設(shè)全局的重大問題

The issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants（or agriculture，rural areas and farmers）are major issues having a bearing on（or vital to）the overall situation of China's reform，opening up and modernization.

保持全國耕地總量動態(tài)平衡

maintain the dynamic stability of total arable land acreage in the nation

確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效提供和農(nóng)民收入持續(xù)增長

ensure an effective supply of farm product and a sustained increase in peasants'income

土地承包期再延長30年的政策

the policy of prolonging（or extending）the land contract period（or term）for another 30 years

提高科技對農(nóng)業(yè)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率

increase the contribution of science and technology to the growth in agriculture

推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)向商品化、專業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化的轉(zhuǎn)變give impetus to the development of agriculture toward commercialization，specialization and modernization

推動農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工和銷售環(huán)節(jié)的有機(jī)結(jié)合和相互促進(jìn)

integrate the production，processing and marketing of farm produce and have all these sectors support each other

完善統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制

improve the two-tier operation system that combines unified management with independent（or separate）management/improve the two-tier management system that combines unification and separation（or diversification）/improve two-layer management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization

穩(wěn)定完善土地承包關(guān)系

stabilize and improve land contract relations

鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌，村提留

contributions to township and village public accumulation funds

以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制

the two-tier management system that integrates unified management with separate one on the basis of household contract management

優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品基地建設(shè)

construction of quality agricultural product bases

逐步壯大集體經(jīng)濟(jì)實力

gradually boost the strength of collective economy

在干旱地區(qū)發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉和旱作農(nóng)業(yè)

develop water-saving irrigation and dry-land farming in arid areas

在具備條件的地方，發(fā)展多種形式的土地適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營

develop diverse forms of proper-scale land operation where conditions are ripe

制定確保農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系長期穩(wěn)定的法律法規(guī)，賦予農(nóng)民長期而有保障的土地使用權(quán)

make laws and statutes to ensure long-term stability of the rural land contract relations with a view to granting peasants a long-term and secure right to land-use

綜合發(fā)展農(nóng)林牧副漁各業(yè)

develop farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery in an all-round way

尊重農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營自主權(quán)respect the decision-making power of peasants in their productions and operations

（三）工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)

Industrial Economic

工業(yè)體系

industrial system

基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)

basic industry

現(xiàn)代工業(yè)

modern industry

先驅(qū)工業(yè)

pioneer industry

后備工業(yè)

supporting industry

新興工業(yè)

fledgling（infant）industry

夕陽產(chǎn)業(yè)

sunset industry/declining industry/industry with no future

朝陽工業(yè)（微電子，新材料，汽車，生物工程，宇航，海洋開發(fā)，等等）

sunrise industry（microelectronics，new materials，automation，bio-engineering，space navigation，ocean development，etc.）

工業(yè)增加值

added value of industry

工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值

total output value of industry

老工業(yè)基地

old industrial bases

先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)

advanced and applicable techniques

工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)

industrial property（rights）

關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

key technology

關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品

key products

低級工業(yè)制品

low-end products

較高級的產(chǎn)品

higher-end products

高、精、尖產(chǎn)品

high-grade precision and advanced products

產(chǎn)品積壓

overstocked products

初級產(chǎn)品

primary products

折舊

depreciation

折舊基金

depreciation fund

折舊率

depreciation rate/rate of depreciation

工交戰(zhàn)線

the industry and communications front

工貿(mào)公司

industrial and trading company

系列化生產(chǎn)

to produce in serial form

工業(yè)間諜

industrial spy

（四）輕工業(yè)

Light Industry

家用電器

electrical household appliances

電視機(jī)

TV sets

閉路電視

closed-circuit television

數(shù)碼電視機(jī)

digital television

電冰箱

refrigerator/fridge/

freezer

輕紡工業(yè)

light and textile industries

服裝業(yè)

clothing industry

超細(xì)纖維

superfine fibre

棉布

cotton cloth

皮革業(yè)

leather products/traditional handicrafts/

national handicraft industry

食品加工制造業(yè)

food processing and manufacturing

食品工業(yè)

food industry/foodstuffs industry

食品多樣化生產(chǎn)

diversified food production

糖

sugar

煙草加工業(yè)

tobacco processing

醫(yī)藥制造業(yè)

pharmaceuticals/medical manufacturing industry

印刷業(yè)

printing business

造紙

papermaking

民族手工業(yè)

national handicrafts

木制品

timber products

（五）裝備制造業(yè)

Equipment Manufacturing

成套設(shè)備

complete sets of equipment

電子及通信設(shè)備制造業(yè)

electronic and telecommunications equipment making

交通運輸設(shè)備制造業(yè)

transportation equipment making

有色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)

non-ferrous metallurgy pressing and stretching processing

黑色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)

ferrous metal metallurgy，pressing，stretching and processing

鋼鐵

iron and steel

鋼鐵工業(yè)

iron and steel industry

黑色金屬采選業(yè)

ferrous metal mining

儀器儀表文化辦公機(jī)械

instruments cultural and office machinery

普通機(jī)械制造業(yè)

general machine making

機(jī)械工業(yè)

machine-building industry

汽車

automobiles

機(jī)械

machinery

航空工程

aeronautical engineering

航空工業(yè)

aviation industry

航天工業(yè)

aerospace industry

航天技術(shù)

space technology

加工工業(yè)

processing industry

造船業(yè)

shipbuilding industry

重工業(yè)

heavy industry

金屬制品

metal products

非金屬礦制品

non-metal mineral products

（六）原材料工業(yè)

Raw and Processed（or Semi-finished）Materials Industries

化學(xué)纖維制造業(yè)

chemical fibre manufacturing

化學(xué)原料及制品業(yè)

chemical raw materials and manufactured products

合成染料

synthetic dye

合成石油

synthetic petroleum

合成樹脂

synthetic resin

合成洗滌劑

synthetic detergent

合成纖維

synthetic fibre

合成橡膠

synthetic rubber

化學(xué)纖維

chemical fibre

塑料制品業(yè)

plastic products industry

橡膠制品業(yè)

rubber products industry

石油工業(yè)

petroleum industry/oil industry

石油化工

petrochemical industry

石油加工及冶煉業(yè)

crude oil refinery

石油加工及煉焦業(yè)

petroleum processing and coking

石油天然氣開采業(yè)

petroleum exploration

石化

petrol-chemicals

化肥

chemical fertilizer

海洋醫(yī)藥業(yè)

marine pharmaceutical industry

建筑材料業(yè)

constructing（building）materials industry

建材

building materials

玻璃

glass

水泥

cement

核燃料

nuclear fuel

光學(xué)纖維/（光導(dǎo)纖維）

optical fibre/（light guide fibre）

（七）高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)

High-tech Industries

高技術(shù)（高科技）

high technology/high-tech

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)

high-tech industries

高新技術(shù)

high and new technology（or technologies）

高新技術(shù)成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化

application of high and new technology in production

高附加值產(chǎn)品

product of high added-value

技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)

technology-intensive industries

技術(shù)與資金密集型產(chǎn)品

technology and capital-intensive products

空間站（宇航站）

space station

航空站

airport

地面站

earth（land）station

宇宙飛船

spaceship

宇宙空間

cosmic space

地球同步衛(wèi)星

geostationary（synchronous）satellite

返回式遙感衛(wèi)星

recoverable remote sensing satellite

載人衛(wèi)星

manned satellite

地面衛(wèi)星站（衛(wèi)星地面接收站）

satellite earth station/ground satellite（receiving）station

衛(wèi)星發(fā)射

satellite launching

衛(wèi)星通信

satellite telecommunications

衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù)

satellite remote sensing technology

衛(wèi)星氣象系統(tǒng)

the meteorological satellite system

衛(wèi)星云圖

cloud atlas sent back by a meteorological satellite/satellite cloud picture

亞洲一號通信衛(wèi)星

Asia sat I telecommunications satellite（launched on April 7，1990）

新型運載火箭

new-type carrier rockets

遠(yuǎn)程運載火箭

long-range carrier rocket

載人航天飛機(jī)

manned spacecraft

全球定位系統(tǒng)

global positioning system（GPS）

工業(yè)機(jī)器人

industrial robot

納米

nanometer

納米科學(xué)

nanoscience

超顯微鏡

ultramicroscope

生物工程

bioengineering

生物技術(shù)

biotechnology

微電子技術(shù)

microelectronic technology

遺傳工程

genetic engineering

生命科學(xué)

life science

無性繁殖

vegetative propagation/clone

轉(zhuǎn)基因

transgene

轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)

transgenesis

基因組學(xué)

genomic

核糖核酸

ribo-nucleic acid（RNA）

仿生學(xué)

bionics

（八）信息產(chǎn)業(yè)

Information Industry

信息產(chǎn)業(yè)（信息工業(yè)）

information industry

信息化

information-centered/informationization

信息經(jīng)濟(jì)

information economy

信息社會

information society

信息時代

information era

信息革命

information revolution

信息網(wǎng)

information network

信息港

information port

信息污染

information pollution

信息系統(tǒng)

information system

信息產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)

manufacturing of information technology products/manufacturing industry of information products

信息處理現(xiàn)代化

modernization of information processing

信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)

information infrastructure construction

信息高速公路

information superhighway

信息技術(shù)

information technology

電信

telecommunications

固定電話

fixed telephone

移動電話

cellular telephone

程控電話

program-controlled telephone/SPC

通信

communication

遠(yuǎn)程通信

long-range communication/telecommunication

移動通信網(wǎng)

mobile telecommunication networks

光纖通信線路

optical fibre telecommunications line

電話號碼升位

expand telephone numbering system

電話預(yù)裝費

telephone subscription

電信公司

telecommunications company

電子工業(yè)

electronics industry

家用電子工業(yè)

domestic electronic industry

電子計算機(jī)

electronic computer

電子計算器

electronic calculator

電子望遠(yuǎn)鏡

electron telescope

電子顯微鏡

electron microscope

電子工程

electronic engineering

電子政務(wù)

e-government

電子信息技術(shù)

electron-information technology/electronic information technology

電子元器件及其生產(chǎn)檢測設(shè)備

electronic components and related manufacturing and testing equipment

電纜電視

cable TV

電腦

electronic brain/computer

主干網(wǎng)絡(luò)

trunk network

局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)

regional network

計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

computer networks

信息數(shù)據(jù)

information and data

電子信箱（電子郵件）

electronic mailbox

電子商務(wù)

electronic business/electronic commerce/e-commerce

硅谷

silicon valley

資源共享

resource sharing

高速寬帶信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)

high-speed，wide-band information networks

計算機(jī)軟件

computer software

計算機(jī)應(yīng)用

computer application

軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)

software industry

系統(tǒng)集成能力

system integration capacity

關(guān)鍵集成電路

key integrated circuits

集成電路技術(shù)與設(shè)備

technology and equipment for integrated circuits

（九）能源

Energy

能源結(jié)構(gòu)

structure of energy supply

能源利用率

energy utilization ratio/energy efficiency

能源轉(zhuǎn)換

energy conversion

能源供需差距

energy gap/gap in energy supply

能源短缺

energy shortage

能源危機(jī)

energy crisis

電力工業(yè)

（electric）power industry

發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量

（installed）power-generating capacity

發(fā)電量

generating capacity/output of electricity

后備電源

back-up source

并網(wǎng)發(fā)電

generate electricity by way of merging grid systems

廠網(wǎng)分開

separate power plants from grids operation and bid for prices

電力法

Electricity Law

煤炭

coal

煤炭工業(yè)

coal industry

高產(chǎn)高效礦井

highly productive and efficient mines

坑口大機(jī)組火電

large-scale thermal power plants near coal mines

西氣東輸

the transmission of natural gas from western to eastern regions

西電東送

the transmission of electricity from western to eastern regions

小火電

small thermal power stations

水電

hydroelectric power

水力發(fā)電

hydroelectric power generation/hydraulic power generation

發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量

installed power-generating capacity

低耗

low consumption（of energy，etc.）

海洋可再生能源

regenerate（renewable）marine energy

海洋能發(fā)電

power generation with marine energy

海洋能開發(fā)利用

exploitation of marine energy

海洋石油勘探開發(fā)

offshore oil exploration and exploitation

海洋石油天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)

offshore oil and natural gas industry

核電

nuclear power

核電站

nuclear power plant

核電行業(yè)

nuclear power industry

核能和平利用

peaceful use（or utilization）of nuclear energy

核能技術(shù)

nuclear energy technology

核子能

nuclear energy

原油

crude oil

石油及天然氣

petroleum and natural gas/oil and gas

清潔能源

clean energy

二次能源

secondary energy

可再生能源

regenerative energy/renewable energy

太陽能發(fā)動機(jī)

solar engine

歐佩克（石油輸出國組織）

OPEC（the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries/Opec）

加快石油和天然氣勘探和開發(fā)

accelerate exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas resources

節(jié)約能源與發(fā)展能源工業(yè)并重的方針

the principle of attaching equal importance to economizing on energy（energy conservation）and the expansion of energy industry

提高能源利用效率

raise the energy utilization efficiency

調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)

readjust the energy structure

新能源［新材料］的研究開發(fā)

research and development of new sources of energy［new materials］

（十）交通運輸業(yè)

Communications and Transportation Industry

運輸

transportation

公路法

Highway Law

公路干線

trunk highway

高速公路

expressway/freeway

立交橋

cloverleaf intersection

國道

state highway

公路國道主干線

trunk highways

公共交通

public transportation

以路養(yǎng)路

use tolls to repay loans and to finance new roads

收費公路

toll road

收費橋

toll bridge

暢通工程

Smooth Traffic Project

一般貨運

ordinary cargo transportation

集裝箱

container

集裝箱運輸

container transportation

廂式貨車

van

冷藏運輸

refrigerated transportation

特殊運輸

special transportation

鐵路運輸業(yè)

railway transportation industry

輕軌

light rail

輕軌火車

light rail train（vehicle）

雙層列車

double（double-decker）train

營運

engage in transport

磁懸浮列車

magnetic levitation train

高速列車

bullet train

電氣化鐵路

electric（electrified）railway

青藏鐵路

the planned Qinghai-Tibet Railway

鐵路法

Railway Law

民航業(yè)

civil aviation industry

門戶機(jī)場

door airports/entry and exit airports

空中交通管制

air transport route control

空港

airport/aerodrome/airfield

航空港

air harbour

空中客車

airbus

超音速噴氣機(jī)

superjet

超音速運輸機(jī)

supersonic transport

民用航空法

Civil Aviation Law

黑匣子

black box/in-flight recorder

港口

harbors

內(nèi)河航道

inland channel/river navigation routes

海上交通安全法

Maritime Traffic Safety Law

海洋交通運輸

maritime transportation

航運

shipping

客貨船

passenger-cargo vessel

客流高峰

commuter rush hour

郵電

post and telecommunications

郵政法

Postal Law

建立健全暢通、安全、便捷的現(xiàn)代綜合運輸體系

establish a comprehensive modern transportation system that is unimpeded，safe and convenient

現(xiàn)代綜合運輸體系

modem overall transportation system

主要水陸交通干線

main water and land transportation lines

（十一）商業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)

Service Industry

商業(yè)

commerce/business/trade

商品貿(mào)易

trade in commodities/commodity trade

商品市場

commodity market

商業(yè)周期

business cycle/service businesses

商業(yè)零售（零售業(yè)）

retailing business

服務(wù)業(yè)

service industry

現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)

modem service industry

服務(wù)貿(mào)易

service trade

易貨貿(mào)易

barter（trade）

服務(wù)性消費

service consumption

餐飲

catering

餐飲業(yè)

catering industry/catering

快餐業(yè)

snack（fast-food）industry

超級市場

supermarket

倉儲式連鎖店

chain store of warehouse/warehouse club

倉儲式商店

warehouse store

倉儲式銷售

warehouse selling

零售網(wǎng)

retail network

零售行

retail house

批發(fā)行

wholesale house

暢銷商品

fast-selling commodity/best seller

偽劣商品

fake and inferior goods

小商品

small commodities

壓庫滯銷商品

overstocked and unsaleable commodities stock

goods

滯貨

unsaleable goods/

slow seller

中低檔產(chǎn)品

low and medium-grade goods

中高檔產(chǎn)品

medium and high-grade goods

營業(yè)開支

operating expenses/

overheads

營業(yè)收入

operating revenues

娛樂性行業(yè)

entertainment industry

服務(wù)行業(yè)承諾制

system of offering guarantees to consumers in service industry（or service）

服務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν忾_放

opening to the outside world in service sectors

家務(wù)勞動社會化

socialization of housework

現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營方式和服務(wù)技術(shù)

up-to-date management and service technology

咨詢

consulting

（十二）旅游業(yè)

Tourist Industry

旅游

tourism

旅游城市

tourist city/playland

旅游區(qū)

tourist area

旅游景點

tourist spot

旅游熱點

hot travel spot/tourist attraction

游覽區(qū)

tourist area

海洋旅游業(yè)

marine tourism

假日經(jīng)濟(jì)

holiday economy

（十三）建筑業(yè)

Construction Industry

建筑業(yè)

construction industry/building industry

建筑法

Construction Law