4.5　推動(dòng)我國(guó)人工肺中空纖維交換膜材料產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的對(duì)策和建議

目前在國(guó)內(nèi)注冊(cè)醫(yī)療器械生產(chǎn)人工肺的國(guó)際企業(yè)有5家，進(jìn)口企業(yè)有25家。ECMO的應(yīng)用從2003年的“非典”之后急劇增加，使用技術(shù)從三甲醫(yī)院擴(kuò)散至地方醫(yī)院。現(xiàn)在急需一種性能更好、價(jià)格更便宜的膜肺來降低醫(yī)療價(jià)格，提升治愈率，而不是等待國(guó)外技術(shù)的擴(kuò)散。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外多采用熱致相分離法生產(chǎn)聚烯烴中空纖維膜作為膜肺，由于其原理限制，導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)速度慢，溶劑部分原料回收困難，包含固液加熱共混后續(xù)萃取等工藝，較為復(fù)雜。針對(duì)現(xiàn)在技術(shù)壁壘和專利的圍墻，我們可以在目前得到的新原料中尋找功能更為優(yōu)越的新材料，作為替代，進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的研發(fā)；針對(duì)目前成型工藝以及原理存在的缺陷，進(jìn)行工藝創(chuàng)新，以加工方式的革新，創(chuàng)造新的體系，越過國(guó)外壁壘的同時(shí)，促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展，以點(diǎn)帶面，促進(jìn)一系列產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。

ECMO在重大疫情中能夠發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，是國(guó)家公共衛(wèi)生安全中的重要一環(huán)，對(duì)此我們有關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才兩方面的建議：

① 應(yīng)加緊研制國(guó)產(chǎn)ECMO膜，通過設(shè)立重大科研項(xiàng)目、組織科研攻關(guān)團(tuán)隊(duì)等，走產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟途徑，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)廠家聯(lián)合進(jìn)行開發(fā)，加速國(guó)產(chǎn)ECMO膜落地。同時(shí)，我國(guó)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)新材料、精細(xì)化工和元器件等關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)的支持力度，從“源頭”上促進(jìn)醫(yī)療裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。通過精準(zhǔn)扶持，加速ECMO膜紡絲設(shè)備國(guó)產(chǎn)替代進(jìn)程。在ECMO膜設(shè)備國(guó)產(chǎn)替代過程中，我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)掌握關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)的企業(yè)從科研、生產(chǎn)到應(yīng)用等環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)扶持，政策與金融支持推進(jìn)ECMO膜國(guó)產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程，助力ECMO國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備加速落地。

② 一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)要想不斷地向前發(fā)展，就需要不斷地創(chuàng)新。人工膜肺及其組件不斷地發(fā)展創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)在“表面涂層”“血液濾過”和“小型化”方面，而人才的培養(yǎng)顯得尤為重要。在工程應(yīng)用型的專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的主要目的是為了更好地滿足當(dāng)前行業(yè)發(fā)展的需求。因此在培訓(xùn)中，一定要以基層、生產(chǎn)線為原則，在提升通識(shí)教育的前提下，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)，動(dòng)手能力以及實(shí)踐能力的培養(yǎng)。除了完善校內(nèi)工程實(shí)訓(xùn)條件之外，還要增強(qiáng)校企學(xué)研基地的建設(shè)，以此來彌補(bǔ)校內(nèi)實(shí)訓(xùn)的不足，從而使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)以及實(shí)踐得到更好的完善。

相信在眾多醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和高校等研究機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)同合作下，ECMO人工肺中空纖維交換膜核心材料必將會(huì)完成自主研發(fā)，國(guó)產(chǎn)自主研發(fā)ECMO設(shè)備也將在不久的將來誕生，具有更高的安全性和有效性，并能更好地為我國(guó)及其他國(guó)家有需要的病患者服務(wù)。

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朱美芳，教授，中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士，東華大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)，纖維材料改性國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任，中國(guó)材料研究學(xué)會(huì)副理事長(zhǎng)及纖維材料改性與復(fù)合技術(shù)分會(huì)理事會(huì)主任、中國(guó)女科技工作者協(xié)會(huì)第四屆理事會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)材料技術(shù)提升與產(chǎn)業(yè)化”重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)總體專家組專家、第七屆國(guó)務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會(huì)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)科評(píng)議組成員、2018—2022教育部高等學(xué)校材料類專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)副主任委員、中國(guó)化學(xué)會(huì)高分子學(xué)科委員會(huì)副主任委員。主要從事纖維材料功能化、舒適化和智能化領(lǐng)域的研究，取得了系統(tǒng)性和創(chuàng)造性成果。先后主持國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目等國(guó)家及省部級(jí)科研任務(wù)30余項(xiàng)；發(fā)表SCI論文350余篇，出版著作10部（章）；獲授權(quán)中國(guó)發(fā)明專利180余件、PCT6件；以第一完成人獲國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)、上海市自然科學(xué)一等獎(jiǎng)、上海市技術(shù)發(fā)明一等獎(jiǎng)等10余項(xiàng)。

何春菊，東華大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院教授，博士生導(dǎo)師，教育部新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才、上海市浦江學(xué)者，纖維材料改性國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室固定成員。主要研究方向?yàn)橹锌绽w維膜人工臟器、功能膜材料的研制及應(yīng)用。先后參與國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)重大計(jì)劃、科技支撐計(jì)劃、主持國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目、青年基金項(xiàng)目等國(guó)家及省部級(jí)科研任務(wù)30余項(xiàng)；以第一作者發(fā)表SCI論文70余篇，出版著作3部（章）；獲授權(quán)中國(guó)發(fā)明專利40余件；獲香港桑麻基金會(huì)桑麻紡織科技一等獎(jiǎng)、上海市科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)、福建省科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)等5項(xiàng)。

孟哲一，東華大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院副研究員，主要從事仿生膜材料研究。2016年畢業(yè)于北京航空航天大學(xué)材料物理與化學(xué)專業(yè)，獲工學(xué)博士學(xué)位，之后在英國(guó)倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院化學(xué)工程系從事博士后研究，2019年入職東華大學(xué)。至今共發(fā)表SCI論文13篇，以第一作者身份發(fā)表Adv. Mater. 1篇，ACS Appl. Mater. Intefaces 兩篇。主持國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)，參與過國(guó)內(nèi)自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目?jī)身?xiàng)、973課題兩項(xiàng)、英國(guó)EPSRC基金項(xiàng)目一項(xiàng)。