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Pat's Answers

1 口語考試是不是只能回答“積極”的答案?口試是不是一定要回答“新穎”的答案?Do I have to sound positive or optimistic? Do I have to give the examiner completely original or creative answers?

國內考生甚至一些培訓教師普遍相信下面的錯誤觀點:

A 你不能給考官“I don't like…”“Actually, I don't know much about…”“Well, I disagree…” 這類否定語氣的答案。

B 你必須要給出非常有創意(original)、與眾不同(unique)、引人入勝(engaging)的答案才能拿高分。

我們來看看一位真實的口語考官是怎樣理解這個問題的(Clark: 29):

One important point to emphasize(強調)here is that the marking system does NOT include references to the following points:

Interesting content

Funny answers

Body language

Appearance or dress

更加發人深思(thought-provoking)的是,這位考官同時還給出了自己的評分實例(Ibid,29):“I interviewed a young lady who was arrogant(傲慢的),impolite, impatient and quite rude—but I awarded this lady a score of 8 because her spoken English matched the descriptions in the marking system(評分體系)for band score 8.

像這樣一個已經集所有討厭于一身(obnoxious, intolerable),而且并沒有為了討好考官而展示“事業線”(cleavage)的女士,因為英語說得并沒有明顯問題,還是從考官那里拿走了口語8分的高分。顯然,在真實考官的眼里,IELTS口試并不是“主要看氣質”(It's not about whether the examiner finds the candidate attractive or not.)。

而Pat在北京時的同事,口語考官Martin Renner就更加直白地說:“It's not what you say. It's how you say it!

兩位貨真價實的考官的肺腑之言完全符合Pat自己對學生口語成績的長期跟蹤調查:口語的分數,只看你的英語水平和答案是否具體、充實,和所謂的“別出心裁”或者是否“積極”完全沒有關系。說得更直接一點:考官坐到口試的小房間里的任務不是檢測智商,也不是做“心理分析”,主辦方交給他/她的唯一任務是要確定考生的英語口語水平到底怎樣。我們需要做的,只是努力去說正確、流利的英文,但是實在沒必要給自己再強加更多的條條框框了(hard and fast rules)。

British Council官方給出的這段話是對這個問題的解答最權威的結束語:“Examiners are only interested in your language and your ability to communicate. That is all they are assessing and judging.”

2 口語考官的評分依據到底是什么?How should I interpret the rating system?

同學們都知道口語有四項評分標準,但是那個標準很學術,一般考生難以望其項背。通過下面的這個表格,我們可以總結出一個更好理解的“草根版”口語評分標準。

Pat總結的“草根版”雅思口試評分標準

(續表)

下面我們用《劍14》Test 2里面的一道考題來說明低分與高分口語答案的區別:

Is there anything you don't like about social media?

典型的5分答案:

Some people always chat. They don't have time for other things.

典型的6分答案:

Social media can make young people addicted. They spend a lot of time chatting with their friends but don't spend enough time with their parents.

典型的7分答案:

Yes. The main thing I don't like about social media is the loss of privacy. Even strangers can see what I've shared with my friends. Some social media companies also gather their users' personal information and sell it to other companies.

我們還可以通過《劍14》Test 3的這道考題來體會低檔、中檔與高檔分數之間的差異:

Do you think you are a good neighbour?

典型的5分答案:

I'm good. I'm quiet and nice.

典型的6分答案:

Yes. I'm always ready to help my neighbours. And I don't make noise or play loud music in my flat.

典型的7分答案:

Yes. I'm friendly to my neighbours and I offer help when they need it. I also respect their privacy and avoid asking them questions that are too personal.

再來看《劍13》Test 3里的例題:

When you go shopping, do you prefer to pay for things in cash or by card?

典型的5分答案:

I pay by card. Card is fast and easy.

典型的6分答案:

I prefer to pay by card because it saves time. Counting cash is slow and a bit boring.

典型的7分答案:

I prefer to pay by card because it's a more convenient way to pay. A card is also easier to carry around than cash. And sometimes I can get reward points for paying by card.

繼續看《劍13》里的一個5→6→7的三級跳(hop, skip, jump):

What are the ways that social media can be used for positive purposes?

典型的5分答案:

We can chat with friends and classmates.

典型的6分答案:

Chatting on social media is very relaxing. And we can find useful information on social media.

典型的7分答案:

We can keep in touch with friends on social media or make new friends who have the same interests and hobbies as we do. Governments and companies can also share information with the public on social media.

再來看《劍12》Test 5里不同分數段的答案:

What could you do to have a healthier lifestyle?

典型的5分答案:

Many things, swim, ride my bike, not eat junk food.

典型的6分答案:

I could exercise every day, watch less TV and drink more water to make my lifestyle healthier.

典型的7分答案:

I could be more active and go to the gym regularly. I could also eat more vegetableslike carrots and tomatoesso I could have a balanced diet.

還有《劍12》里的這個實例:

Did you enjoy doing art lessons when you were a child?

典型的5分答案:

Yes, I like art lessons and I draw very well.

典型的6分答案:

No, they were boring. The art teacher just let us draw things by ourselves.

典型的7分答案:

YesI did because our art teacher taught us to drawpaint and make simple sculptures. Those activities were fun and interesting. They also made me more creative.

我們還可以通過《劍11》Test 1里面的考題來看看口語7分到底是怎樣煉成的:

Do you watch cookery programmes on TV?

典型的5分答案:

Yes, I watch cookery programmes. They are interesting.

典型的6分答案:

Yes, I do. They teach me how to cook well. The food cooked on TV shows looks beautiful and the hosts are very funny.

典型的7分答案:

YesI do because the hosts have great cooking skills. I can really learn from them and improve my own cooking. They also have a good sense of humour and many of them teach people how to cook healthy food.

下面再用《劍10》Test 2里面的考題來說明一下5→6→7的飛躍(leap):

Do you think all children should learn to play a musical instrument?

典型的5分答案:

They should because they can enjoy music when they play it.

典型的6分答案:

I think they should. Playing a musical instrument helps children relax. It's also an important skill all children should have.

典型的7分答案:

Yesthey should because playing a musical instrument can reduce stress. It can also help children increase their concentration. Playing a musical instrumentlike the piano or a guitaris also a good way for them to express themselves.

我們的結論

☆ 5分是掙扎著說出來的(或者另一個極端是無比流利地“噴”出來的),和考官的交流要不然就是基本無效,要不然就特別機械生硬,更像“人機對話”

☆ 6分是思考著說出來的,和考官的交流開始有效,但是并不充分而且也不是很流利

☆ 7分是快速思考之后比較連貫地說出來的,但中間仍然會有正常呼吸和短暫思考所需要的自然停頓(natural pauses)。和考官的交流比較充分,而且已經具有一定的層次感,但是偶爾會出現不導致嚴重誤解的語法、用詞或者發音錯誤

3 口語考試要不要“套磁”?Am I supposed to butter up the examiner?

像這樣“第二十二條軍規”(Catch 22)似的問題其實永遠會吵個沒完。我們這樣來看這個問題會更清楚:套磁并不會明顯加分,但如果套不好卻可能會導致扣分,因為考官被套一點也不影響他/她用自己的母語——英語向你提出問題,而集中精力套磁卻會讓你沒有精力用自己的非母語——英語來好好回答考官的問題。再說,如果考官真的對你的套磁感興趣了,撇開考試真跟你聊起來了,你能吃得消嗎?(Are you really up to it?)

比如,近期有個考生聽考官是美國口音,為了實現跟考官“零距離”,她就說自己的“偶像”——羅玉鳳——也住在美國。沒想到考官正好看過People雜志對“鳳姐”的深度報道,連續追問了一大堆相關問題,直到考試結束時還問鳳姐是不是已經在美國找到她的dream guy了。我們當然應該尊重考官,但是像這種情況就純屬因為全力套磁而“被套”(get stuck)的鬧劇了。

4 考官提出的問題如果我壓根兒沒聽懂怎么辦?What can I possibly do if I don't fully understand a question?

IELTS口語里的Part 1和Part 3都是問答題。在這兩個部分里,如果你遇到有的問題沒聽清,怎么辦呢?

對于Part 1, British Council官方明確規定:You can ask the examiner to repeat a question if you did not hear it clearly.

也就是說:你并不需要跟考官玩“我猜我猜我猜猜猜”的游戲,而是可以直接說:“Sorry, could you please repeat that?”這樣說對IELTS口試這種interview是恰當的、而且考官也愿意接受的(但請注意避免過于頻繁地要求你的考官重復)。

而且,對于用詞更加正式的Part 3, British Council官方還明確規定:You can ask for clarification in Part 3.

主辦方這條規定的意思是:如果在Part 3你聽不懂一個問題的某個部分,有權請考官替你澄清這個問題(clarify the question),可以跟他/她說,“Sorry, could you please explain what you mean by…(你沒聽懂的部分)?”考官就會按官方規定,換一種說法為你解釋一下,你專注地聽他/她的解釋就好了。

5 IELTS口語考時事么?Am I supposed to constantly update my knowledge about current events for the speaking test?

最近有不少考生發來郵件問Pat如果近期考試的話是否要準備一些關于冠狀病毒疫情(the coronavirus outbreak)、中美貿易戰(the trade war between China and the United States)、法國政府承諾重建巴黎圣母院(promised to rebuild the Notre Dame Cathedral)、《囧媽》在線直播(was streamed online)、李佳琦帶貨不粘鍋“翻車”(the egg stuck to the "non-stick pan")等新聞的相關信息。

考生的這種擔心是正常的,畢竟IELTS口試屬于面對面的交流,很容易讓人聯想到考官是否會“實時”出題。但令人遺憾(也許是令人慶幸)的是:每一次IELTS口試的考題均是由劍橋統一提供的IELTS口語并不考查最新的時事知識

《劍14》里的官方真題最真實地體現了雅思口試“只考社會趨勢,但不考具體時事”的準確定位:

How popular are electronic books are in your country?

Will electronic books completely replace printed books in the future?

Do you think homes will look different in the future?

Why has online shopping become so popular in many countries?

所以,IELTS口試的首要任務是考查你的英文口語表達能力,關注時事新聞(follow current events in the news)本身是一種很好的習慣,可以長期保持,但您不必為了準備口試而特意去突擊時事新聞“漲姿勢”。

6 怎樣正確看待口試的Predictions?

對于備考時間很緊的考生們來說,不論英語水平高低,提前看看口語預測里的題目都是高效率的備戰方法。而且,由于雅思口試是分階段更換題庫,而不是每次考試都換題庫,因此口語預測的命中率還是挺高的。所以客觀地說:準備口語預測不算是浪費生命。但有3點,Pat要特別請您注意:(a)對于那些過于簡單、你肯定能回答出來的預測題,可以跳過去不必準備,有重點地備考是明智而不是偷懶;(b)話題接近的考題完全可以合并。雖然你不是考官,但考官也不是你,考官就是一般人而不是mind reader。當然,合并話題必須自然,過于牽強那不叫合并,而叫無怨無悔地跑題;(c)Pat堅決鼓勵您把自己原創的想法加到預測題的答案里去,即使有點幼稚也比徹底放棄就地臥倒要可貴。至于如何擴展思路,學完Day 8便知。

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Okaylet's get the show on the road.

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