第16解

balance of probability

【英文】The points about the certificate standard contain objective truth，proof on a balance of probabilities，many levels of structures theory，and negation theory，but these theories deserve the study.

【譯文】目前有關民事訴訟證明標準的學說主要有客觀真實說、或然性權衡說、多層次說和否定說，但這些學說都值得商榷。

【解釋】balance of probabilities是裁決民事糾紛時所采用的一項法定標準，它要求負有舉證責任的一方當事人如實證明其主張。其證明越真實可靠，越有利于其主張。可譯為“或然性權衡”。

再如：

In most common law and civil code jurisdictions，it is usually necessary to obtain a court order directing the registrar to issue a death certificate in the absence of a physician’s certification that an identified individual has died.However，if there is circumstantial evidence that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the individual is deceased on the balance of probabilities，jurisdictions may agree to issue death certificates without any such order.〔譯文：在多數普通法和民法典司法區，如果沒有醫生證明，通常有必要申請一道法院命令，該命令可要求法院事務官簽發一張證明某人死亡的證明書。然而，如果有間接證據使得一個正常人根據或然性權衡相信某人已經死亡，司法管轄區不需要法院的命令就可以同意簽發死亡證明。〕