題型7 口語：聽題答題

一、題型概述

1 題目名稱

“聽題答題”（Speak the answer to the question you hear）

2 準備時間

20s，其中包含題目播放時間，最多可聽三遍

3 答題時間

考試時考生需要答題不少于30秒，不多于1分30秒

4 出題頻率

每場考試中出現約2次

5 實考截圖

6 考查技能

考查學生在聽到卻不能看到某個問題時，用英文清晰、準確、流暢地回答該問題的能力。

7 考題描述

考試時，考生會看到一句說明“Speak the answer to the question you hear”，但卻見不到這個問題的原文，取而代之的是一個巨大的喇叭圖標。點擊該圖標，則會聽到一個問題。該問題最多只能播放三遍，然后考生就應該對此問題進行回答了。值得注意的是，本題型同時考查了學生的聽力和口語的能力。盡管這是一個口語題，但聽力有明顯困難的同學也很難在本題型中取得好成績。

二、典型范例

考生在點擊喇叭的圖標后，將會聽到：

題目的原文是：

這個題目相對比較簡單明了。值得注意的是，這個題目所討論的對象是“Many people”而不是在問考生自己。所以，在這個題目的答題過程中，我們要做的并不是描述“自己是否在考試之前感到焦慮”，而是討論“那些在考試前感到焦慮的群體能夠做點兒什么事兒來減輕這一狀況”。把這一點說清楚之后，我們就可以開始正式作答避免走題了。

一般來說，第一句都應該是對于題目的簡單復述。譬如眼前的這個題目，范例是這樣復述的：

好吧，我覺得考試前感到焦慮是很自然的，但肯定有方法可以放松。

簡單地復述題目之中關于有些人會在考試前有些焦慮的現象，然后用一個總結句，表示隨后將會分多個要點進行論述。

首先，你需要制定學習計劃并且要堅持。

這一句很簡單：用連接詞“First of all”告訴聽眾自己認為的第一個方法是“make a study schedule and stick to it”。

考試前一晚突擊學習或者絞盡腦汁什么都想學并沒有什么用。所以，你需要復習關鍵的內容，并且每天都學一點，同時也需要在學習之余放松一下。這樣一來，才能保持平靜，做好準備。

說服他人接受自己的建議時，常常有兩種可能的辦法。一種是描述如果不按照自己的建議做，可能會有什么不好的現象；一種是描述如果按照自己的建議做會有什么好的結果。這里接下來的兩句話，正好對應了兩個可能的論述方向。

同時，你得保證有充足的睡眠，并且吃好、喝好。

然后開始了對于第二個要素的闡述。“also”是一個簡明的表達“第二點”的連接詞。這里作者表達的是“吃好睡好也能緩解焦慮”。盡管這一點從內容上看很簡單，但值得大家注意的是，考試中我們沒有必要追求內容的深邃程度。簡單易懂，表意清晰就可以獲得一個好分數了。切記，我們所面對的是一個語言考試而不是一個知識面考試。

充足的睡眠能讓你的大腦得到必要的放松，而且研究表明，充足的睡眠可以提高大腦的反應時間。健康的飲食以及大量飲水也可以減少壓力，讓你感覺神清氣爽。

這個部分依舊使用的是我們在前面的分析中提到的一個方法：如果采取某項建議，會有什么好的結果。以此來證明自己建議的有效性。

好了，各位讀者，我們對于典型范例的分析就先到這里了。請大家開始大聲地朗誦一遍下面這個完整的答案吧。

三、解題要點

1 一次性將題目所允許聽的三遍都聽完

顯然，我們應該在最開始的時候就把所有能夠聽的遍數都聽完。我們當然不可能在已經開始答題之后，再回頭聽一遍：這對答題既無幫助，也不現實。值得注意的是，有些題目可能存在一些相對比較困難的單詞，譬如下面這個真題：

這個題目中，“notorious”就不算是一個特別簡單的詞。如果大家不能迅速地反應過來這個單詞是表示“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”，就麻煩了。因此，有志于沖擊相對較高分數的同學，的確應該考慮進行單詞的聽音辨音訓練。這樣做不只是為了訓練前面的“聽真假單詞”題型，也是為了眼前的這個“聽題答題”題型。

2 不要期望能做筆記或者列提綱

我想大家在閱讀考試說明的時候都已經注意到了，多鄰國英語測試（DET）有一個相對比較奇怪的特點，就是不允許同學們做筆記或是列提綱。當我們遇到“聽題答題”這個口語題目的時候，一定會有一種強烈的沖動，想要從桌上尋找一張白紙來打打草稿，列列提綱。大家一定要注意不能這樣操作，否則十有八九會被認定為作弊!實際上，這個題型里的口語題目并不難記憶，而且還提供了三次播放錄音的機會，所以只要平時稍加訓練，記住題目的內容是可以做到的。

3 采用最明確的邏輯來展開答題

也正是由于剛剛我們討論到的考試的時候不能做筆記也不能列任何提綱，所以大家在答題的時候，要盡量選擇最簡單的展開方式。在專項訓練中我們提及了舉例和遞進兩種簡明的展開方式，供大家選擇。

4 答題時盡可能講到最后一秒

考試本身要求學生對于問題的回答不應少于三十秒鐘，但是，根據實際的考試經驗，取得相對較高分數的同學，一般都講足了一分三十秒。值得注意的是，在答題的過程中，即便是考生覺得無話可說，也應該盡可能“paraphrase”自己的觀點（也就是嘗試用不同句型和角度來表達自己在最開始所提出的觀點），把答題時間撐到接近一分三十秒。這樣做一方面是因為在語言內容水平相對比較一致的情況下，肯定是答題時間越長，內容越豐滿，越能夠證明學生的語言水平更好。另外，我們還有一個小九九：就是如果我們能夠把回答的時間拉得更長一些，那我們就更有可能在這個自適應的考試中被認為具備高水平，而適配到更高難度的題目，從而取得更好的分數。所以，盡可能回答得多這一點，就算僅僅是為了“欺騙”計算機，也很值得這樣做。

四、專項訓練

正如在“解題要點”之中所提及的，在如此短的時間內要組織出豐滿的答案其實是一項困難的工作。考生須嘗試借助某些簡明的邏輯來展開答題，這樣才能更好地充實內容，答好題目。

在我們正式展開論述之前，我想強調一下：邏輯展開模式多種多樣，但并不意味著大家在答題的時候需要將每一種都用上。每一位同學的知識背景不同，譬如“舉例”可能是一個特別常見的展開方式，但時不時就會有同學遇到沒有辦法在短時間內想到合適例子的情況。這個時候，與其“為賦新詞強說愁”，硬生生地謅出一個不太恰當的例子，不如轉而求助于其他更合適的展開邏輯。你看，這就是為什么說大家多學幾種邏輯模式不是壞事兒，技多不壓身嘛。讓我們趕緊開始吧。

論述展開方式1：舉例

什么是舉例?當抽象化（較為概括）事物的特質通過某些具體（較為詳盡）事物表現出來時，就是舉例。舉例是日常生活中最常用到的論述展開方式。大家都很熟悉了，不贅言。

常見的舉例標志詞包括但不限于：for example, for instance, like, such as, to illustrate with an example, to cite/quote an example。譬如：

其實舉例是容易的，但是想舉出一個好例子并不容易。舉例要注意遵循兩個基本的原則：細節原則和一致性原則。

什么是“細節原則”呢?就是既然都是在舉例了，還是要盡量描述得細致一些。譬如當你在聊到“cigarette smoking”的時候，恰當地引入“Camel Smoke”（駱駝牌香煙）作為例子就要比簡單地說“smoke”來得更好。那什么是“一致性原則”呢?簡單地說就是例子的內容與被舉例對象的意思相一致，即例子不應該有過多的冗余信息。之所以要提及這一點，是因為很多同學一到舉例的部分就好似抓住了救命稻草一般，事無巨細地開始闡述，反而容易出現畫蛇添足的情況。

為了更好地理解這兩個基本原則，大家不妨看一個范例。

這是一段不錯的范文，作者給出了兩個例子來證明該論點——“Andy, the tragic yet heroic figure in Shawshank Redemption”以及“Amélie in a famous French movie”。這些具體的電影名字和電影人物的名字，達成了我們剛剛提及的“細節性”概念。另外，舉例的內容盡管細致卻又非常的簡潔，沒有浪費時間去介紹“電影上映于哪一年”等瑣碎的信息，因為這些信息對于論述主題并無額外的幫助。

論述展開方式2：遞進

另外一個便于考生展開邏輯的模式便是遞進。利用遞進邏輯，同學們往往可以輕易地將自己原有的觀點一分為二，成為兩個有遞進關系的子論點。而且采用該種模式，往往容易使答題內容由于遞進邏輯的存在而變得更加緊湊。

常見的遞進角度包括：1）小?大；2）物質/身體?精神；3）時間軸。表示遞進含義的詞包括：even，yet，indeed，in fact，actually，furthermore，moreover，then，in addition to，additionally，besides，what is more等。

由于“遞進”這個展開邏輯能夠最大限度地幫助同學們解決內容豐滿度的問題，在這里我們將最常用的三種遞進模式逐一舉例使用，讓大家學會其實踐方法。

◆ 第一大類：小?大（difference in scope）

譬如：個人?集體（individual?collective）

微觀?宏觀（microcosmic?macrocosmic）

特例?普遍（specific?general）

實例應用：

其實這個題目相對好回答，我們很容易就可以說出“根據興趣選擇學習的專業領域對個人的意義”，但這樣回答還不夠豐滿，我們可以采取遞進的方法，采用由“個人到集體”的模式來回答“根據興趣選擇學習的專業領域對社會的意義”，順利地完成內容的構造。

◆ 第二大類：物質/身體?精神（material/physical?mental）

實例應用：

在這個案例中，我們先說青少年可能去模仿一些電視節目中的危險行為，然后通過遞進的方法，在第二點說青少年的思想可能會受到一些電視節目的不良影響，屬于從身體到精神的遞進。也很順利地完成了對于豐滿內容的構造。

◆ 第三大類：按時間軸順序（chronological order）

譬如：過去?現在（past?present）

現在?將來（present?future）

已知?未知（known?unknown）

短期?長期（short term?long term）

實例應用：

在這個案例中，觀點一先描述了“專注于一個任務而不是同時進行多個任務”對于當前保證高質量完成任務的意義，在遞進后，描述了長期來看“專注于一個任務而不是同時進行多個任務”所帶來的益處，屬于從短期到長期的遞進。我們再一次使用遞進完成了豐滿內容的構造。大家學會了“in the long run”這個遞進百搭結構了么?

五、模擬練習

每道題請以至少30秒鐘回答：

1. Talk about a children's story from your culture that you know well.

2. What is something or an experience that you wish you could have?

3. Explain how you organize a surprise birthday party.

4. What are the differences between the kinds of movies older people watched when they were young and contemporary movies?

5. What kinds of places and activities are appealing to old people, why?

6. Describe the inside of your closet, what do the contents say about your life?

7. Some parents spoil their children. How might a spoiled child behave when he or she becomes an adult?

8. What is one item you want to add to your closet in the next year and why?

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online?

10. Talk about a time you had to ask for permission to do something or to go somewhere.

11. Who is the famous person you would like to meet one day? What they are known for and why do you want to meet them?

12. Why do some gadgets or equipment become obsolete? Give examples to support your answer.

六、參考答案

習題1

Okay, so I'm going to talk about a famous children's story called“The Ugly Duckling”. A mother duck's eggs hatched one summer day, and all the little ducklings came out. But one of the ducklings looked different from the rest, and his siblings all made fun of him for being ugly. The ugly duckling ran away from home and somehow was able to survive on his own for some time. One day, he was by a lake and he saw a flock of white birds in the sky. He looked at his reflection in the lake and discovered that he was no longer an ugly duckling—he had become a beautiful swan just like them. I guess the moral of the story is that you shouldn't judge others by your initial impressions of them. They might turn out to be entirely different.

習題2

Okay, so something I'd like to experience is to travel around the world. Firstly, I haven't actually been abroad before, so I feel like there are so many things I haven't seen or learned about other cultures. It's one thing to just read about different countries in your textbook and another to actually travel there and immerse yourself in a totally new culture and atmosphere. Secondly, since I'm interested in history and languages, I'd love to visit some cultural landmarks and see for myself what they're actually like in person, maybe even take some photos. I think it'd be cool to experience firsthand, say, what the Seven Wonders of the World are like. I'm sure it'd be fascinating to see things like the architecture, the landscapes, and the cultural elements.

習題3

Alright, so I haven't actually organized a surprise birthday party before, but I'm sure it takes quite a bit of planning. First, you need to make a guest list of all the people to invite to the party, and you need to make sure they keep it a secret. You could probably create a WeChat group and add everyone you're planning to invite, and keep them updated with information. Then, since it's a party, you need to prepare all the food and refreshments. Finally, on the day of the surprise birthday, there needs to be someone who will keep the guest of honor distracted, like inviting her out for dinner or drinks or something. And all the other guests need to be at the party by a specific time, so you can all surprise the guest of honor when she arrives.

習題4

Alright, so I think one big difference between the movies old people used to watch and contemporary movies is the content and tone. Old movies seem to deal with more serious subjects, like war or death or family problems. A lot of contemporary movies are thrillers that are packed with action or comedies that are entertaining and light-hearted. Another difference is the pacing of the movie, as well as the structure of the plot. Old movies feel slower-paced, with a lot of buildup in the story from beginning to end. Contemporary movies seem much more fast-paced, and there's a lot of motion and movement, like, say, in Marvel movies. The plot in contemporary movies also tend to be easier to understand, I think, or at least there's a pretty clear beginning, middle, and end.

習題5

Okay, so I think there are various places and activities that appeal to old people. For instance, I see a lot of old people in parks, probably because it's a very peaceful and relaxing place, and old people can also get together to socialize there. I also see many old people in markets, maybe because they don't have much to do during the day, so they can go out to buy meat, vegetables, and other ingredients to cook at home. As for activities, old people in China seem to enjoy dancing in public squares or playing mahjong with their friends and neighbors. There are also those who enjoy cooking at home or gardening, and of course, there are some old people who just like to lie on the couch and watch TV programs all day.

習題6

Hmm, okay, so I think this is an interesting question because most people don't really stop to consider what things are in their closets and what these things say about them as people. As for my own closet, obviously, there are clothes and shoes, but there's also a bunch of other random items like an old sketchbook, a vintage camera, some postcards scattered here and there, and a stack of dusty books. I guess this shows that I'm a person who doesn't really like getting rid of things that I find meaningful in some way, but I'm not too organized either, so they're just all in my closet. And as for the contents themselves, they inspire creativity, and they're outlets for me to express myself, so I suppose you can say that I deeply value art.

習題7

Okay, so I think spoiling children certainly has some long-term negative effects. When a spoiled child grows up, they'll probably be really self-centered and always expect immediate gratification. Whether it's a material item they want, money, or a special job offer, they think that they deserve that thing and might become very frustrated if they don't get it. In addition, adults who were spoiled as children will probably have a hard time forming and maintaining relationships with people. After all, good relationships require effective communication and empathy, and spoiled children tend to grow up to be inconsiderate and insensitive. They don't know how to think from another person's perspective and are only concerned about themselves all the time.

習題8

Okay, so if I were to add one item to my closet in the next year, I'd probably choose to add a rain jacket of some kind. I don't actually have any rain jackets now, but it rains a lot here in Shanghai, especially during the spring and summer, so I think it would be a very practical item to have. Ideally, I'd like a rain jacket that's comfortable and lightweight, but also stylish-looking, or at least not like those ugly raincoats you see that look like yellow boxes. So yeah, I'd like a nice-looking rain jacket, and one that has various features to keep me dry. I mean, I pretty much walk everywhere on campus, so if one day, I forget my umbrella or it's just raining too hard, I want a rain jacket that keeps me from getting soaked.

習題9

Alright, so I guess one major advantage of shopping online is the ease and convenience. You can order something at any time of the day from the comfort of your own home. You can also save a lot of time, since you don't have to go out to buy things. Another advantage is that there's a much greater variety of things online than in physical stores, so you can usually find whatever you need, and you can also find out which store sells it at the cheapest price. As for the disadvantages, a huge one is that you can't actually see or try the item before purchasing it. This can be really inconvenient, especially if you're buying clothes or shoes, since you could end up buying something that doesn't fit or doesn't look as good in person.

習題10

One time I had to ask permission from my mom to sleep over at my friend's house. My friend had an upcoming birthday party and she invited me and my friends over for it. She wanted us to sleep over afterwards, you know, so that we could watch movies and talk all night. Before that, I had never slept over at a friend's place before, so I asked my mom, and she agreed to it pretty much right away. It was not really surprising to me, because I've always been responsible. So, my mom told me to call her at night to let her know everything's fine, and I said okay. Then, the next day I went to my friend's birthday party, and at night I checked in with my mom. It was a fun experience and I'm glad my mom allowed me to go.

習題11

So, one famous person that I would like to meet one day is Bill Gates. Bill Gates is known as the founder of Microsoft, which is a company that makes software like Windows. He established Microsoft when he was young—I think it was while he was in college—and he basically made the company into the huge company that it is today. Most people use Windows, so he's had such a huge impact on society and our daily lives, which is one reason I want to meet him. Also, I would want to meet him just to get his personal story on how he was able to create such a successful company, how he was able to accomplish these things, his life philosophy, and all that. I think it would be very enlightening and provide some direction to my own career.

習題12

I would say that some gadgets or equipment become obsolete because they get replaced by better alternatives. The best example I can think of is alarm clocks getting replaced by alarm clock apps in cellphones. People used to use alarm clocks to wake themselves every morning, but nowadays people simply use an alarm clock app, which does the same thing but more effectively. An alarm clock app doesn't cost any extra money, it doesn't take up extra space, and it doesn't run out of batteries. So, there are all these advantages to using an app instead of using a physical clock, and that's a big reason why alarm clocks became obsolete. Similarly, cameras are being replaced by smartphone cameras. It's one less item you need to carry around with you, and in most cases a smartphone camera works just fine.