題型5 口語：看圖說話

一、題型概述

1 題目名稱

“看圖說話”（Describe aloud the image below）

2 準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間

看到題目之后，考生有20秒的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間

3 答題時(shí)間

答題時(shí)間要求在30秒到1分30秒之間；一般建議同學(xué)們最好講足1分30秒

4 出題頻率

每場考試中出現(xiàn)約1次

5 實(shí)考截圖

6 考查技能

考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對看到的信息進(jìn)行細(xì)致復(fù)述的能力。

7 考題描述

在考試時(shí)，考生會看到一張簡單的圖片。在20秒鐘的細(xì)致觀察之后，要求詳細(xì)描述這張圖片中的內(nèi)容。這段描述被要求不短于30秒鐘，不長于1分30秒。由于本題對于描述的內(nèi)容并無具體的要求，于是描述內(nèi)容時(shí)既可以是靜態(tài)的，譬如“圖片中存在哪些要素”；也可以是動態(tài)的，譬如“圖片中的事物正在做哪些事情”。描述的順序，既可以是從上至下的，也可以是從過去到現(xiàn)在，從現(xiàn)在到將來，還可以由遠(yuǎn)及近。以上所提及的若干角度，也都是我們隨后將要講到的內(nèi)容。

二、典型范例

參考答案

This picture shows a family of four walking on a beach during a sunny day. In the background you can see the blue sky and the blue ocean, as well as white waves. The sand is brown, of course, and it looks quite smooth. The family consists of a mother, who's wearing a bright blue dress, her eldest daughter, her son, and I think her youngest daughter. They're all dressed for the beach, and perhaps they just came out of their hotel after having applied sun lotion to themselves. And now, they're taking a walk on the beach and it looks like they might be having a happy conversation with each other. Afterwards, they might go for a swim, or even go surfing. Regardless, they're probably going to have a great time.

看圖說話這一題型，往往需要在第一句簡單地總結(jié)圖片中的描述主題。在本腳本中用的是“this picture shows...”這個(gè)基本句型。

在第一句過后，我們一般需要依據(jù)某種順序開始細(xì)致描述圖片中的內(nèi)容。本文采取的是由遠(yuǎn)及近（或稱為由背景到眼前）的順序。

顏色是一種最為簡單的增加細(xì)節(jié)的方式，有效且簡單，我想大家應(yīng)該都能夠意識到。這也是為什么在隨后的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練中我要給大家專門補(bǔ)充關(guān)于顏色的列表的原因了。

然后就可以開始描述圖片中的核心元素。值得注意的是，對于圖片的描述可以帶有一定的想象。顯然，圖片中的四個(gè)人“是否是一家人”或者“是否最右邊的就是最小的孩子”等信息都是來自對圖片的想象。

一般來說，在考試時(shí)只使用一種展開順序進(jìn)行描述，很有可能不足以填滿作答時(shí)間。這時(shí)候我們往往需要選擇第二種內(nèi)容展開邏輯，也就是“時(shí)間先后”。我們一起仔細(xì)看一下這三句話，其實(shí)正好是描述了時(shí)間上的三個(gè)順序。先是有一句嘗試猜想了之前發(fā)生了什么。

值得注意的是，如果要描述發(fā)生在過去的事，記得要使用過去時(shí)態(tài)。譬如在范例中使用的“came”。講完過去發(fā)生了什么，就可以順理成章地說一說現(xiàn)在的情況了。

用“and now”來表示時(shí)間，并且用了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)“they're taking a walk”，顯示我們對于時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的認(rèn)識和掌握都是熟練的。再接下去，自然是要說一說將來可能要發(fā)生的事了。

至此，我們清晰地描述了過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事、現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事和將來可能發(fā)生的事。三句話，描述了三個(gè)狀態(tài)，也使用了不同且正確的時(shí)態(tài)。

最后當(dāng)然是一個(gè)總結(jié)性的句子了。

通過眼前的范例，同學(xué)們不但要了解眼前這個(gè)題目的回答方式，也應(yīng)該對看圖說話的答題結(jié)構(gòu)和可以使用的答題邏輯有所了解，這樣自己在考試的時(shí)候才能駕輕就熟。

三、解題要點(diǎn)

很多考生都會覺得，眼前的這個(gè)看圖說話題有點(diǎn)像小學(xué)生——而且還是低年級的小學(xué)生在剛剛開始正式學(xué)習(xí)語文的時(shí)候常做的那個(gè)看圖說話練習(xí)。別奇怪，我也有同感。在作答這個(gè)題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意到如下幾個(gè)要素。

1 不要擔(dān)心內(nèi)容的正誤

本質(zhì)上這個(gè)題目并沒有所謂的正確的描述可言，譬如眼前的大海到底屬于“blue”還是“dark blue”還是“sapphire”根本不重要，這四個(gè)人到底是不是一家四口也不重要。記住這是一個(gè)語言類的考試，評分的關(guān)鍵是你能否清晰地表達(dá)自己想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。另外，在描述圖片內(nèi)容的時(shí)候可以帶有部分源自于圖片的想象。大家在前面的范例解答以及隨后的模擬練習(xí)中都會看到很多這樣的情形。想象的內(nèi)容只要是源自于圖片即可，同樣，也不必?fù)?dān)心內(nèi)容的正誤問題。

2 盡可能多說使內(nèi)容豐滿

這是一個(gè)與其他題型略有不同的建議。在寫作類的題型中，我們往往會建議留出少部分時(shí)間來對自己的答案進(jìn)行通讀并修改，因?yàn)殡y免出現(xiàn)一些小“typo”，可以趁最后通讀的時(shí)候給改正過來。但是我們眼前的這個(gè)口語題目自然是沒有這樣的機(jī)會了。我們能做到的就是不斷地輸出內(nèi)容，在質(zhì)量恒定的情況下，幾乎就是內(nèi)容越多越好。

3 考慮以特定的順序來描述

在上一條建議中，我們說要盡可能使回答的內(nèi)容豐滿，但這會容易使考生的回答多而雜亂。那我們就需要在開始答題的時(shí)候，往往是在第一句話就先對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，然后依據(jù)一個(gè)或多個(gè)基本的順序展開描述。常見的模式包括但不限于：

（1）由上至下。譬如典型范例中所見到的那張圖片，也用到了“由上至下”的順序：先講遠(yuǎn)處的天邊（元素1），再講大海（元素2），再講一家四口人（元素3），最后講這一家所行走的沙灘（元素4）。

（2）由左至右。與上文所提及的“由上至下”類似，由左至右也是一個(gè)常見的描述順序。回到典型范例中我們所看到的圖片，我們可以逐一描述四個(gè)人物的形象，甚至身份等。這樣我們也就有了四個(gè)可供展開說明的要素。

（3）時(shí)間先后。如果說以上所提及的“由上至下”和“由左至右”都屬于比較容易操作的邏輯概念，那么我們現(xiàn)在將要討論的“時(shí)間先后”就是一個(gè)相對難掌握的概念了。還是回到典型范例中我們所看到的這張圖片，可以先描述在這張圖片呈現(xiàn)的情形之前可能發(fā)生了什么。可能是一家四口人剛剛從旅店里面出來，剛剛涂完防曬霜。然后第二步說一說他們現(xiàn)在在做什么，比如他們現(xiàn)在是在沙灘上散步，看上去像是在相互之間有說有笑地聊著天，等等。第三步就可以說說他們之后應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)備去做什么事情了，比如可能是去沖浪等。略等一下，我知道當(dāng)我說到這里，一定會有同學(xué)想說，不一定啊，他們不一定是要去沖浪，或者說這些人的裝束看上去并不像是要去沖浪的樣子啊，又或者說一般這么小年齡的孩子不應(yīng)該參與沖浪這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動啊。但是，這些都不重要，我想我有必要再一次拉出注意事項(xiàng)中的第一點(diǎn)來與大家說了。大家要記得：不要擔(dān)心內(nèi)容的正誤。不要忘記了這個(gè)考試考查的是什么啊。

（4）由近及遠(yuǎn)。在描述圖片時(shí)，還有一個(gè)可能的技巧，就是“由近及遠(yuǎn)”。也就是說，在完成了整體描述之后，我們先要描述離我們近的、核心的內(nèi)容，然后再描述背景內(nèi)容。同樣的道理，其實(shí)“由遠(yuǎn)及近”也同樣可以。一般來說，如果畫面中有顯著的縱深感，能夠清晰地區(qū)分“近景”與“遠(yuǎn)景”的時(shí)候，可以采用這種方式。譬如在前文中的范例圖片，以“由近及遠(yuǎn)”的角度來思考的話，就可以先討論近處的一家四口人的形象狀態(tài)，再由近及遠(yuǎn)，說說遠(yuǎn)方的天空與海浪等。

大家需要注意的是，在正式的考試中，并沒有所謂唯一正確的展開順序，更進(jìn)一步的，我們也并不要求大家僅僅使用如上提供的某一種技巧。事實(shí)上，更常見的情形是將這四個(gè)原則放在一起使用，這樣才能更好地構(gòu)造出一個(gè)豐滿且有序的回答。

（5）正確把握時(shí)間。如果我們通過以上幾個(gè)要素的學(xué)習(xí)能夠構(gòu)造出豐滿且有序的回答，那應(yīng)該怎么確保自己能夠在1分30秒內(nèi)完成呢?首先，我們應(yīng)該通過多次模擬考試對這個(gè)時(shí)間有所了解。并且嘗試多寫一些120~130字左右的文稿，這樣很快就能使自己的作答對應(yīng)得很準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)然，實(shí)際上也就是一件熟能生巧的事兒。

四、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

技巧1 表示顏色的詞語

技巧2 表示大小的詞語

技巧3 表示方位的詞

1 由上至下

on the top of；above；under；in the middle of; on the bottom of；in front of

2 由左至右

on the left；in the middle of；next to；on the right

3 時(shí)間先后

before；at first；prior to；next；then；after；later；soon；finally；in the end；eventually；at last

4 由遠(yuǎn)及近

in the background; in the distance; behind; next to; near

其他常用詞組：

總結(jié)句常用句型：

It looks like...

It seems like...

There is...

There are...

Because...

It might be...

We can see that...

It is a fact that...

There is no doubt that...

I think that...

The picture shows that...

The picture vividly describes that...

五、模擬練習(xí)

分別在30秒~1分30秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)談?wù)撘韵聢D像。（彩圖見插頁）

六、參考答案

習(xí)題1

The picture shows a woman standing in front of a car that probably broke down. The woman is wearing a blue denim dress, a navy cap and a pair of sunglasses. She is calling someone on her phone. The car is silver and is pulled over to the middle of the road, and the hood of the vehicle is raised, perhaps so that someone could inspect the engine. It doesn't seem like there was an accident, since there is only one car involved. In the background,there are lots of trees and grass on both sides of the road, so maybe she's in the countryside. Because the woman is calling for help, the car will probably be fixed soon.

習(xí)題2

The picture shows a man in a shirt standing next to a bookshelf. The man looks like he's a professional, maybe a professor or lawyer or something. He is wearing a striped shirt in blue and white as well as a red tie. He's holding a book in his hands. The cover of the book is light blue, and it's turned to a page in the middle. It might be a book that he's reading or possibly giving a lecture about. In front of him is a bookshelf. We can only see a row of books. It looks like the man might be reading a book, which he needs for work or research.

習(xí)題3

The picture shows a man driving his car in the city. We can see from the back of his head that he looks like a young man, probably in his twenties or thirties, and he's wearing a black or dark gray suit. We can't tell from the picture what kind of car he's driving, but we can see that the inside of the car is black, and he has his hands on the steering wheel. The car looks pretty new, or at least quite well-maintained, since all the parts look nice and clean. It seems that it's late at night because on the outside it's totally dark. As for where he's driving to, maybe he's on the way home after work.

習(xí)題4

The picture shows a woman with her cat. The woman seems to be in her sixties, and she's wearing a purple top and a colorful scarf. We can see that she's happy, since she's smiling. So, she's holding her cat—one of her hands is on the cat's back and the other is holding the cat's bottom. It seems that the cat likes the woman, as it's sniffing her face and its paws are on her shoulder. As for the cat's physical appearance, it's a pretty small cat with gray and white fur. I would guess that it is a gift from the woman's children, because they don't have much time to accompany her and they want her to feel less lonely.

習(xí)題5

The picture shows what looks like a mother and her daughter eating pizza. The girl is just a toddler, with her brown hair tied into a pony tail and she's wearing a white dress, and she's actually feeding her mother a piece of pizza. The mother is smiling as she bites down on the pizza, and she's holding her own slice of pizza that's partially eaten. The mother also has brown hair and she's wearing a white T-shirt. Both mother and daughter look quite happy. I think what happened is it was dinner time, and instead of cooking, the mother decided to buy some pizza. After eating pizza, they might eat some desert, like ice cream, and then the mother might read a story to her daughter as she puts her to bed.

習(xí)題6

The picture shows a young boy swinging a tennis racket. The boy looks like he's about seven or eight years old—definitely pretty young—and he's wearing a blue T-shirt,a pair of navy sweatpants with stripes on the side and black sneakers. He's swinging the racket and hitting the ball with a nice looking shot, which means that he probably already knows how to play tennis. He seems very focused, and I would guess that he's in the middle of a lesson or even playing in a competition. We can see that he's playing at a tennis court, maybe in a gym, and there's some kind of dark green banner in the background.

習(xí)題7

The picture shows a young boy playing on his cell phone. The boy seems to be ten to twelve years old. He has dark brown or black hair and is wearing a orange sweatshirt. He's gripping his phone tightly—it's a small, black one, probably an iPhone—and from the look on his face, he's astonished at whatever he's watching, since his eyes are wide open. We're not sure exactly what he's doing on his phone, but since he's a kid, I would guess that he's playing a game of some kind. But whatever he's doing, he's completely focused and not looking up at the camera. As for the background, it's quite plain, just a white cushion. He's probably lying on his bed.

習(xí)題8

So this picture shows a mother and her baby—probably her son—sitting in an airplane, and they're both looking at an iPad screen. The mother looks like she's in her twenties, she has her hair tied back in a ponytail, and she's wearing a grey and yellow sweater. Her son is wearing blue and red overalls, and he also has earphones on, which is probably connected to the iPad. They're both staring intently on the iPad, so it's probably playing some kind of cartoon for the baby. In the background of the picture, we can see a window of the airplane, and it's obviously day time because it's quite bright outside. We don't know where they're headed to, but maybe they're on their way home, or they could be visiting relatives, like the grandparents of the baby.

習(xí)題9

This picture shows a man and two kids, and they're sitting at a table, and it looks like they're practicing painting because you can see some paint on the table and pieces of paper. They seem like they're just beginning to start because there's not much on the paper. The kids are both looking attentively at the man and he's grinning as he's dipping his brush into the paint. It looks like a very peaceful setting because the room is very bright. The table is white, the walls and drapes are white, and you can see that it's very sunny outside. After they finish painting, they might move onto another kind of fun activity, like drawing or playing a game.

習(xí)題10

The picture shows a woman listening to music on her headphones. The woman looks like she's in her early to mid-twenties. She has long brunette hair, and she's wearing a light gray sweater with a green T-shirt underneath. The woman definitely appears to be enjoying the music, since she looks like she's singing along or even dancing. We don't really know what kind of music she's listening to, but it's probably not something peaceful or quiet like classical music. It might be pop or rock music, or at least something loud and upbeat. Maybe she's had a hard day at work and wants to relieve some stress right now, so that's why she's listening to music. As for the background of the picture, there doesn't appear to be anything—just plain white with studio lighting.

習(xí)題11

So this picture shows a couple camping. They have a tent set up to the left side, and they have made a fire next to the tent. The couple are roasting something on a branch by the fire. There's no one else in this picture—it's just them, and they seem to be on a grassland. You can see a forest in the distance. As for the time this picture was taken, it looks like it was after sunset, because it's completely dark. You can see light in the tent, and again, they have made a fire, so obviously it's to prepare for nighttime. The sky is dark blue, and overall it just looks like a very pretty setting.

習(xí)題12

So this picture shows what looks like a mother trying to teach her baby how to walk. The mother's bending down, and she's holding the hands of the baby as the baby is standing. The mother looks like she's maybe in her thirties or forties, and she's smiling at the baby who also looks happy. She has dark skin tone and is quite slim. The mother is wearing black glasses, a black dress with dots and black sandals. The baby is wearing a striped yellow T-shirt, a pair of gray trousers and dark brown shoes. The baby can be quite safe with his mother's protection. So yeah, just a bonding experience, it seems, for a mother and her kid.

習(xí)題13

This picture shows a medical team performing an operation on a patient. They're all wearing typical surgical clothing, with surgical caps, masks, and gowns. The woman on the left is holding a bowl. The man in the middle is probably the surgeon because he's performing the actual operation, and the woman on the right is holding a tool with tissue at the end of it. It looks like she's helping to soak up the excess blood. In the background there's also a lamp that provides better lighting so that they are able to perform the operation better. The rest of the room is all white—white walls, white ceiling. All three people are focusing intently on the operation because it obviously demands a lot of concentration.

習(xí)題14

This picture shows a group of young people having a picnic at a park. They look like they're in their twenties, and there are two women and two men. They seem to be having a fun time, because most of them have smiles on their faces. To be more specific, there's a waffle on the left side, and a bowl of salad on the right. There are also some fruits on the red checked picnic blanket. All of the four people are holding drinks. They're also wearing casual clothing, like T-shirts,shirts or jeans. It's definitely quite sunny and the weather seems nice. As for the park itself, we don't know whether it's big or small, but the grass seems quite nice.