Avoiding manual memory management with smart pointers

The smart pointers are highly useful and have an essential knowledge in using C++ efficiently. C++11 added many new abilities for the smart pointer we can find in the memory header file. For a long time, before C++11, we used auto_ptr as a smart pointer. However, it was quite unsafe since it had incompatible copy semantics. It's also deprecated now, and we should not use it anymore. Fortunately, C++ has presented unique_ptr, which has a similar functionality, but with additional features, such as adding deleters and support for arrays. Anything we can do with auto_pt, we can and should do with unique_ptr instead. We will discuss unique_ptr in depth along with other new smart pointers in C++11--shared_ptr and weak_ptr.