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德宏傣語長短元音聲學及感知研究

王璐 孔江平

摘要 傣語系屬漢藏語系壯侗語族(侗臺語族)壯傣語支(臺語支),德宏傣語是傣語主要方言之一,其“元音a+韻尾”的組合存在長短元音a的對立,韻尾可分為(1)元音韻尾、(2)鼻韻尾、(3)塞音韻尾三類。本文對三類組合進行聲學分析發(fā)現(xiàn)時長上,(1)、(2)組長短元音a在音節(jié)中占比不同,組內(nèi)總音節(jié)時長相同,(3)組中長元音音節(jié)時長長于短元音;共振峰方面,(1)組長短元音a共振峰值F1、F2有顯著差異,(2)、(3)組長短元音a共振峰值F1有顯著差異;音高各組組內(nèi)均無顯著差異。基于聲學分析結(jié)果設計的感知實驗研究結(jié)果顯示,(1)組范疇化程度最高、(2)組次之、(3)組最低。

關鍵詞 德宏傣語;長短元音;聲學分析;范疇感知

Acoustic Analysis and Perception of Long vs.Short Vowel of Dai Language

WANG Lu KONG Jiangping

Abstract The Dai language family belongs to the Sino-tibetan Zhuang-dong (Dong-tai) Zhuang-dai (Tai) branch,and Dehong Dai language is one of the main Dai dialects.The vowel a in “a+final”could be long or short one,and the finals can be divided into (1) vowel finals,(2) nasal finals,(3) stop finals.In this paper,the acoustic analysis shows that long vs.short vowels in (1),(2) have different proportions in syllables,and the total syllable duration in the group is the same,while the total syllable duration of long vowels in (3) is longer than that of short vowels.As for the formant,F(xiàn)1 and F2 of long and short vowel a in (1) are significantly different and F1 long and short vowel a in (2),(3) are significantly different.And the results of perception experiment show that (1) has the highest degree of categorization,followed by (2) and (3).

Key words Dehong Dai language;Long vs.short vowel;Acoustic analysis;Categorical perceprion

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