腫瘤登記是對癌癥流行情況、趨勢變化和影響因素進行長期、連續、動態的系統性監測，是制定癌癥預防控制策略、開展綜合防控研究、評價防控效果的重要基礎性工作。這項工作的標志性成果之一就是每年以年報的形式及時發布全國腫瘤登記監測數據。《中國腫瘤登記年報》已成為我國癌癥預防與控制不可或缺的寶貴資料，在不同歷史時期均發揮了極其重要的作用。癌癥等慢性病防控工作已經寫入2019年《政府工作報告》，國民健康已經上升為國家戰略。隨著“健康中國2030”的不斷推進，癌癥負擔等基礎數據的重要性必將日益凸顯。

《2018中國腫瘤登記年報》是自2008年《中國腫瘤登記年報》首次出版以來的第12卷。本年報匯總了2015年我國腫瘤登記地區癌癥監測數據。2018年，國家癌癥中心收到來自中國大陸31個省（自治區、直轄市）及新疆生產建設兵團（未包括香港、澳門特別行政區和臺灣省）501個腫瘤登記處上報的2015年腫瘤登記數據。通過對數據審核和質量控制，有388個腫瘤登記處數據入選本年報，涵蓋142個城市地區和246個農村地區。此次年報基本保持歷次年報的基本思路，對22種癌癥及所有癌癥合計的發病和死亡數據進行了詳細分析，并分地區、年齡別和性別比較了癌癥分布差異。

《2018中國腫瘤登記年報》的順利出版，得到了國家衛生健康委員會疾病預防控制局、宣傳司的具體指導和大力支持，凝結著全國各腫瘤登記處千余工作人員的辛苦付出和50多位編寫、審校人員的辛勤勞動。年報在如此短時間內出版發行得益于大家的支持和付出，在此表示最衷心的感謝!

Population-based cancer registries systematically monitor the frequency of new cancer cases each year in well-defined populations and over time.Cancer registration has a pivotal role in cancer control，which provides basic data for cancer policy making and evaluation.One prominent achievement of cancer registration in China is to publish China Cancer Registry Annual Report，which has been a great value for cancer prevention and control in different periods of the country.Prevention and control on cancer and other chronic diseases has been one of the major tasks in the 2019 Report on the Work of the Government in China，and people’s health has been a national strategy.In achieving the goal of“Healthy China of 2030”，basic data on cancer burden of the country has become more and more important.

Since the first volume of China Cancer Registry Annual Report published in 2008，this book is the 12 ^thvolume of the Annual Report.In this volume，we reported the cancer incidence and mortality data in Chinese cancer registration areas of 2015.A total of 501 cancer registries submitted data to National Cancer Center（NCC）China by 30 ^thJune，2018.After data quality control，a total of 388 cancer registries（142 urban registries and 246 rural registries）were included in the present China Cancer Registration Annual Report.In this volume，we summarized data of the incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and 22 cancer sites in 2015，overall，by age，sex and area.

Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control，Department of Publicity in National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China have provided sustainable support in the fast publication of the China Cancer Registry Annual Report 2018.We acknowledge all staff working for the cancer registries and the editorial board who contributed to this publication.