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[1] 本文最初發表于《社會學研究》（北京)2002年第5期，后為中國人民大學《報刊復印資料·社會學》（北京)2002年第12期全文轉載。

[2] 在這里，默頓用“巴爾干化”(Balkanization) 一詞指將一地區或領域分為若干小地區或小領域的現象，就像第一次世界大戰前西方列強在巴爾干半島的所作所為。

[3] 法國社會學家古爾維奇就曾提出過類似的“連續統”的思想。他認為，在微觀和宏觀這一對連續統之間，就依次存在“個人的思想和行為”“互動”“群體”“組織”“社會”和“世界體系”等單位，正是它們組成了從微觀向宏觀的過渡（參見Gurvitch,1964)。