Part 1 閱讀入門 閱讀必備常識

Chapter 1 認識句子

Unit 1 五大簡單句

主謂結構

考考你的眼力

在含有主謂結構的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1.Tom received an email．湯姆收到了一封郵件。

（ ）2. I hate being scolded in public．我討厭被當眾批評。

（ ）3. The fire happened at midnight．火災是半夜發生的。

（ ）4. The sun rose．太陽升起了。

（ ）5. The man is rich and handsome．那人不僅很富有，而且很英俊。

參考答案

1．（×）2．（×）3．（√）4．（√）5．（×）

知識大放送

一、主謂結構中，不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義，而無需賓語或是補足語。常見的不及物動詞有：appear（看起來）、apoIogize（道歉）、arrive（到達）、come（過來）、die（死）、disappear（消失）、exist（存在）、faII（落下）、happen（發生）、rise（升起）等。

· We have got up．我們已經起床了。

· The young man smiled．那個小伙子笑了。

· A tall policeman appeared．一位個子很高的警察出現了。

二、此類句型的擴展結構：

1．S+vi.+adv.（主語+不及物動詞+狀語）

· They went to the airport right now．他們立即去了機場。

· The patient died painfully before operation．手術開始前，病人痛苦地死掉了。

· Leaves fall quietly on the ground．樹葉靜靜地飄落在地上。

2．There/Here+vi.+S（There/Here+不及物動詞+主語）

· Here goes the bell．鈴聲響了。

There comes the teacher．老師來了。

· There stands a little girl．有個小女孩站在那里。

3．S+vi.+to do（主語+不及物動詞+動詞不定式）

· They stopped to work．他們停下來去工作。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的主語和謂語，并翻譯整個句子。

1．To my surprise, he resigned last month.

2．Classes begin at eight every day.

3．I drive to pick up the clients.

4．We got up early so as to catch the first bus.

5．The young girls laughed loudly outside.

參考答案

1．To my surprise, he resigned last month．讓我吃驚的是，他上個月就辭職了。

2．Classes begin at eight every day．每天8點開始上課。

3．I drive to pick up the clients．我開車去接客戶。

4．We got up early so as to catch the first bus．為了趕上第一班公交車，我們很早就起床了。

5．The young girls laughed loudly outside．女孩們在外面大聲地笑著。

二、找出下面這段話中主謂結構的句子。

Jack got up late this morning. He couldn't catch the bus, so he went to school by foot. He found that something happened on the way to school, because a lot of people gathered in the corner of the street. It seems that a traffic accident happened. But Jack hurried to go to school, so he did not stop to see. However, Jack still did not arrive on time unfortunately, for he walked too slowly. Jack was criticized by the teacher. The teacher asked him to write a self-criticism.

參考答案

Jack got up late this morning. He couldn't catch the bus, so he went to school by foot. He found that something happened on the way to school, because a lot of people gathered in the corner of the street. It seems that a traffic accident happened. But Jack hurried to go to school, so he did not stop to see. However, Jack still did not arrive on time unfortunately, for he walked too slowly. Jack was criticized by the teacher. The teacher asked him to write a self-criticism.

主謂賓結構

考考你的眼力

在含有主謂賓結構的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. The sun rises in the east．太陽從東邊升起。

（ ）2. Lily got a good score．莉莉得到了一個好的成績。

（ ）3. Did you get up late this morning？你今天早上起晚了嗎？

（ ）4. She wants a window seat．她想要一個靠窗的座位。

（ ）5. The leaves fall in autumn．樹葉在秋天落下來。

參考答案

1．（×）2．（√）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）

知識大放送

一、在主謂賓結構中，謂語通常是由及物動詞來擔任，構成“主語+謂語+賓語”的結構。謂語后的賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或是從句。

· Mark has a red coat．馬克有一件紅色的外套。

· No one would like to help him．沒有人愿意幫他。

· They like swimming in the summer．他們喜歡在夏天游泳。

· He wants to go to the library．他想去圖書館。

· I will do what I have said．我說到做到。

二、此類句型的擴展結構：

S+vt.+O+adv.（主語+及物動詞+賓語+狀語）

· She finds an interesting book in the bookstore．她在書店發現了一本有趣的書。

· I finished the homework quickly．我快速地寫完了作業。

· I want the present badly．我非常想要這個禮物。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的主語、謂語和賓語，并翻譯整個句子。

1．I don't know what he did.

2．Where can I find the wallet?

3．Have you read the passage?

4．The boys are playing basketball in the playground.

5．My dad will drive my mother to the airport.

參考答案

1．I don't know what he did．我不知道他做了什么。

2．Where can I find the waIIet？我在哪里可以找到錢包？

3．Have you read the passage？你讀過這篇文章嗎？

4．The boys are playing basketball in the playground．男孩們正在操場上打籃球。

5．My dad will drive my mother to the airport．我爸爸會開車帶媽媽去機場。

二、找出下面這段話中主謂賓結構的句子。

My father is a math teacher. He teaches grade 4 and grade 5 all the time. He likes his students very much. My father works late sometimes. Last year, one of my father's students got the first prize in the math competition. My dad was so happy that he praised the student many times in class. My father often guides my study at home.

參考答案

My father is a math teacher. He teaches grade 4 and grade 5 all the time. He likes his students very much. My father works late sometimes. Last year, one of my father's students got the first prize in the math competition. My dad was so happy that he praised the student many times in class. My father often guides me at home.

主系表結構

考考你的眼力

在含有主系表結構的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. His elder brother is an English teacher．他哥哥是一位英語老師。

（ ）2. My sister can't speak English．我妹妹不會說英語。

（ ）3. The cat has white and black fur．這只貓有白色和黑色的毛發。

（ ）4. These books turned wet after the rain．下過雨后，這些書變濕了。

（ ）5. I want to become a teacher．我想成為一位老師。

參考答案

1．（√）2．（×）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）

知識大放送

主系表結構中的系動詞不能表達完整的句意，其后需接主語補足語來補充說明，這類主語補足語主要有名詞、形容詞和介詞短語，在句子中作表語。系動詞可根據含義的不同而分為表示狀態、表示結果或轉變的系動詞。

一、表示狀態的主系表結構：

表示狀態的系動詞有：look（看起來）, appear（顯得）, seem（看起來）, feel（摸起來）, taste（嘗起來）, smell（聞起來）, remain（仍然是）, sound（聽起來）, stay（保持）, keep（保持）

· The desk looks very old．這張桌子看起來很舊。

· Only the fish tastes delicious on the table．桌子上只有這道魚嘗起來很可口。

· The coat feels wet．這件外套摸起來很潮濕。

二、表示結果或轉變的主系表結構：

表示結果或轉變的系動詞有：be（是）, become（成為）, grow（成長）, go（變得）, turn（變得）, prove（證明）

· The tree has grown much taller than before．這棵樹長得比以前高多了。

· It goes darker and darker, but his parents don't come back home yet．天越來越黑了，但是他的父母還沒有回家。

· Maple leaves turn red instead of yellow in autumn．楓葉在秋天變紅而不是變黃。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的主語、系動詞和表語，并翻譯整個句子。

1．They grew apart after graduation.

2．He says, "My mother is an Art teacher."

3．Several young men of them are interested in playing basketball.

4．Her father is fifty years old, and looks very young.

5．Her voice sounds very nice.

參考答案

1．They grew apart after graduation．畢業后他們的關系疏遠了。

2．He says, "My mother is an Art teacher."他說：“我媽媽是一位美術老師。”

3．Several young men of them are interested in playing basketball．他們中的幾個年輕人對打籃球很感興趣。

4．Her father is fifty years oId, and looks very young．她爸爸50歲了，看起來很年輕。

5．Her voice sounds very nice．她的聲音聽起來很好聽。

二、找出下面這段話中主系表結構的句子。

There was a suitcase at the door last night. It was missing this morning because my mother brought it to go to the airport. My mother is a manager of a food company and she often goes on a business trip. Since she was promoted to manager, she has became more and more busy. I hope my mother can accompany me as often as possible.

參考答案

There was a suitcase at the door last night. It was missing this morning because my mother brought it to go to the airport. My mother is a manager of a food company and she often goes on a business trip. Since she was promoted to manager, she has became more and more busy. I hope my mother can accompany me as often as possible.

主謂+雙賓語

考考你的眼力

在含有主謂+雙賓語結構的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. These students bought their teacher a batch of flowers．這些學生給他們的老師買了一束花。

（ ）2. His father asked him to do homework first．他爸爸讓他先寫作業。

（ ）3. We call the boy little Tom．我們稱這個小男孩為小湯姆。

（ ）4. The man behind the tree saw his son coming out the school．在樹后面的男人看到他兒子從學校出來了。

（ ）5. My brother gave me a bottle of juice．我哥哥給了我一瓶果汁。

參考答案

1．（√）2．（×）3．（×）4．（×）5．（√）

知識大放送

在“主語+謂語+雙賓語”結構中，謂語動詞后一般接間接賓語和直接賓語來使句意表達完整。其中，間接賓語一般指代表示人的賓語，而直接賓語指代的是表示物的賓語。

一、間接賓語位于直接賓語前

可用在此結構中的動詞一般有：give（給）、buy（買）、show（指示）、bring（帶來）、get（給某人弄到）、pass（遞給）、pay（支付）、tell（告訴）、teach（教）等。

· The woman always buy her daughter beautiful skirts．這位女士總是給她女兒買漂亮的裙子。

· Can you bring me a comic book？你能給我帶一本連環漫畫書嗎？

· Get me a cup of coffee, please．請給我一杯咖啡。

· Her mother teaches her English and her father teaches her math．她媽媽教她英語，她爸爸教她數學。

二、間接賓語位于直接賓語后

1．在此類結構中，間接賓語前加介詞。

（1）間接賓語前加介詞for

可用在此類結構中的動詞有：buy（買）、make（做）、play（演奏）、choose（選擇）、do（做）、order（訂購）等。

· He made a kite for his youngest daughter．他為小女兒做了一個風箏。

· I think you can choose the red coat for your mother．我覺得你可以為你媽媽選這件紅色的大衣。

· He played the piano for his girlfriend again and again．他一遍遍地為女朋友彈鋼琴。

（2）間接賓語前加介詞to

可用在此類結構中的動詞有：give（給）、bring（帶來）、tell（告訴）、sell（賣）、leave（留給）、show（出示）、write（寫）、send（送給）等。

· I will bring my notebook to you tomorrow．我明天會把筆記本電腦帶給你。

· The owner of the house sold it to a couple．房子的主人把它賣給了一對夫婦。

· He remembered that his father left some money to him．他記得父親給他留了一些錢。

2．直接賓語是them或it

· Maybe he won't lend it to us．也許他不會把它借給我們。

· The rich man bought them for his wife．這個富人為他的妻子買下了它們。

· You must order it for one of your friends．你肯定是為你的一位朋友訂購的。

三、雙賓語和賓語補足語的區別

在主謂+雙賓語結構中，兩個賓語屬于并列情況；而賓語補足語是對賓語做的補充，賓語和補足語之間可構成邏輯主謂關系。

· They elected me the monitor.（賓語補足語）他們選我當班長。

· He showed the card to the clerk.（雙賓語）他向店員出示了卡。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的主語、謂語，標明間接賓語和直接賓語，并翻譯整個句子。

1．Before going out, he did the housework for his mother.

2．The old man returned the wallet to the loser.

3．Jack wrote his friend an e-mail after he won the game.

4．He would pass it to me if I need.

5．The waiter got the customer a cup of hot water instead of beer.

參考答案

1．Before going out, he did the housework for his mother.（間：his mother，直：housework）出門前，他為媽媽做了家務。

2．The old man returned the wallet to the loser.（間：the loser，直：the wallet）老人把錢包還給了失主。

3．Jack wrote his friend an e-mail after he won the game.（間：his friend，直：an e-mail）杰克贏了比賽后給朋友寫了一封電子郵件。

4．He would pass it to me if I need.（間：me，直：it）如果我需要，他會把它遞給我的。

5．The waiter got the customer a cup of hot water instead of beer.（間：the customer，直：a cup of hot water）服務員給客人拿了一杯熱水而不是啤酒。

二、找出下面這段話中的主謂+雙賓語結構的句子。

James is writing a report. His boss, Julia, gave him a schedule form. James picked it up and gave a conversation to Julia. They talked about the products sales of last month. James showed Julia the data on his computer and Julia wasn't satisfied with them. James explained the reason for her. They decided to have a meeting next Monday. James said he would hand the report to her as soon as possible.

參考答案

James is writing a report. His boss, Julia, gave him a schedule form. James picked it up and gave a conversation to Julia. They talked about the products sales of last month. James showed Julia the data on his computer and Julia wasn't satisfied with them. James explained the reason for her. They decided to have a meeting next Monday. James said he would hand the report to her as soon as possible.

主謂+復合賓語

考考你的眼力

在含有主謂+復合賓語結構的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. I won't allow you to run when it rains．我不會允許你在下雨的時候跑步。

（ ）2. He wants a car model．他想要一個汽車模型。

（ ）3. The teacher lets two students read the text．老師讓兩位學生讀課文。

（ ）4. Do you really like the movie made by the famous director？你真的喜歡這部著名導演執導的電影嗎？

（ ）5. They often called me "fool" when I was five years old．我五歲的時候他們經常叫我“傻瓜”。

參考答案

1．（√）2．（×）3．（√）4．（×）5．（√）

知識大放送

賓語+賓語補足語就是復合賓語，在主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語結構中，賓語補足語的作用是讓整個句子的意義更加完整。謂語動詞在該結構中也可稱為“不完全及物動詞”。

不完全及物動詞有：call（稱呼）、wish（希望）、keep（保持）、let（使）、allow（允許）、want（想要）、feel（感覺到）、find（發現）、make（使）、ask（讓）、tell（告訴）、think（認為）等。

· I wish you a happy life！祝你們生活愉快！

· They want us to follow their order completely．他們想要我們完全聽命于他們。

· Parents always tell them to study hard．家長們總是告訴他們要好好學習。

一、賓語補足語的構成

1．在此類結構中，能夠充當賓語補足語的一般是名詞、形容詞、副詞、分詞或短語、介詞短語和動詞不定式。

· Most people think his behavior immoral．多數人認為他的行為不道德。

· My mom told me not to ride a bike in the street．媽媽讓我不要在街上騎自行車。

· When we get there, we only found a baby crying．我們到達那里的時候，只發現一個嬰兒在哭。

· Don't worry, I will drive your sister to the bus station．別擔心，我會送你姐姐去汽車站的。

· Let's ask the doctor for help．我們向醫生尋求幫助吧。

2．動詞不定式作賓語補足語，而謂語動詞是make（使）、let（讓）、see（看到）、have（讓）、listen to（聽)等時，動詞不定式的to常常被省略。

· No one would like to elect him the president．沒有人愿意選他當主席。

· Who has made him clean the whole yard？是誰讓他打掃整個院子的？

· The headmaster let three Chinese teachers organize the exam．校長讓三位語文老師組織這次考試。

二、主謂+it+賓補+真正賓語

1．it放在賓語的位置，而被當作賓語的動名詞、賓語從句或不定式則與賓語補足語一起放在后面。

· I think it hard to learn two foreign languages at the same time．我認為同時學習兩門外語很難。

· They all believe it difficult to make the dream come true．他們都相信實現這個夢想很難。

· Someone said it unlikely that they will finish the task．有人說他們不太可能完成這個任務。

2．現在分詞或短語是真正的主語時，如果其補足語是no point, no use, no sense, useless, senseless等，it作形式賓語。

· They said it no use investing more money．他們認為投入更多的錢是沒用的。

· I think it no point making friends with rich men．我認為和富人交朋友沒有意義。

· Jack said it no sense getting a good score by cheating．杰克說通過作弊而獲得好成績是沒有意義的。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的主語、謂語、賓語和賓語補足語，并翻譯整個句子。

1．Their wonderful performance made all the audiences laugh.

2．All the villagers thought her mad in that year.

3．Only the girl heard someone singing.

4．My mom always asks me to keep my room clean.

5．We believe it necessary to make a plan first.

參考答案

1．Their wonderful performance made all the audiences laugh．他們精彩的表演讓觀眾們都笑了。

2．All the villagers thought her mad in that year．那一年所有的村民都認為她瘋了。

3．Only the girl heard someone singing．只有這個女孩聽見有人在唱歌。

4．My mom always asks me to keep my room clean．媽媽總是讓我保持房間干凈。

5．We believe it necessary to make a plan first．我們認為先制定計劃很有必要。

二、找出下面這段話中的主謂+復合賓語結構的句子。

The climate change has an increasing impact worldwide. The United Nations encourages every country to take measures. In our country, everyone is told to protect environment and not to litter. Teachers ask us not to use disposable chopsticks. Now, our parents and teachers often praise us for our behavior.

參考答案

The climate change has an increasing impact worldwide. The United Nations encourages every country to take measures. In our country, everyone is told to protect environment and not to litter. Teachers ask us not to use disposable chopsticks. Now, our parents and teachers often praise us for our behavior.