CHAPTER 1 居家

1 住宅

四級 live

[l?v] v 住，居住

eg. He had lived in New York for a long time before he came to China.

來中國前他在紐約住了很長一段時間。

相關詞 liveable [?l?v?bl] adj （房屋等）適于居住的；

homestead [?h??msted] n 家宅，農莊

六級 inhabit

[?n?h?b?t] v 居住在，棲居于

eg. There are so many aquatic animals inhabiting the ponds.

有很多水生動植物棲居在池塘里。

相關詞 habitable [?h?b?t?bl] adj 適合居住的；

inhabitant [?n?h?b?t?nt] n 居民；

habitation [?h?b??te??n] n 住處，住所

四級 reside

[r??za?d] v 居住在，定居于

eg. The Smiths decided to reside in Jinan which is the capital of Shandong province.

史密斯夫婦決定在山東省會濟南定居。

相關詞 residence [?rez?d?ns] n 住房，豪宅；

residency [?rez?d?ns?] n 居住權；

resident [?rez?d?nt] n 居民，住戶；

residential [?rez??den?l] adj 適合居住的，住宅的

四級 house

[ha?s] n 房屋，住宅

eg. Little John often dreams of having a big beautiful house, in which he can live together with his family.

小約翰總是夢想有一套又大又漂亮的房子，他可以和家人一起住在里面。

相關詞 household [?ha?sh??ld] n 一家人，家庭；

householder [?ha?sh??ld?(r)] n 房主，住戶；

housewife [?ha?swa?f] n 主婦，家庭婦女；

housing [?ha?z??] n （統稱）住房，住宅；

housework [?ha?sw?:k] n 家務事

GRE home

[h??m] n 家，住所

eg. You wait for me in my home, and I will be back soon after work.

你在我家等我，我一下班就會回來。

相關詞 homebody [?h??mb?d?] n 不愛出門的人，太戀家的人；

homebuyer [?h??mba??(r)] n 購房者；

homeowner [?h??m??n?(r)] n 房主；

homeless [?h??ml?s] adj 無家的

四級 dwelling

[?dwel??] n 住宅，住所，公寓

eg. In this area, there is an apple tree behind each dwelling.

在這個地區，每所住宅后面都有一棵蘋果樹。

相關詞 dwell [dwel] v 居住，棲身；

dweller [?dwel?(r)] n 居民，居住者；

domiciliary [?d?m??s?lj?r?] adj 在住所的，在家中的

同義詞 domicile [?d?m?sa?l] n 住處，住所

四級 building

[?b?ld??] n 建筑物，房子，樓房

eg. A tall building has been set up in the center of the city recently.

最近市中心建起了一棟高樓。

相關詞 block [bl?k] n 大樓，一棟樓房；

multi-story [m?l?t?st??:r?] adj 多層的；

high-rise [?ha??ra?z] adj 高層的；

skyscraper [?ska?skre?p?(r)] n 摩天大樓；

villa [?v?l?] n 度假別墅

四級 apartment

[??pɑ:tm?nt] n 公寓套房

eg. Jane has got a satisfying job in a company, but she dislikes the apartment it offers.

簡在一家公司找到了滿意的工作，但她不喜歡公司提供的公寓。

相關詞 apartment block公寓大樓；

apartment house（小的）公寓樓

同義詞 condominium [?k?nd??m?n??m] n 公寓

四級 flat

[fl?t] n 公寓，單元房

eg. He bought a flat in the town with the money he had saved for ten years.

他用10年攢下來的錢在鎮上買了一套房子。

相關詞 flatlet [?fl?tl?t] n 公寓小套房；

flatmate [?fl?tme?t] n 同公寓房客；

tenancy [?ten?ns?] n 租期

托福 estate

[??ste?t] n 莊園

eg. Mr. Black has a big estate, where many poor men are hired and worked for him.

布萊克先生擁有一個大莊園，在那里他雇傭了很多窮人為他干活。

相關詞 estate agent房地產經紀人；

manorial [m??n?:r??l] adj （舊時）莊園的

同義詞 mansion [?m?n?n] n 公館，宅第；

manor [?m?n?(r)] n 莊園宅第

四級 cottage

[?k?t?d?] n 茅屋

eg. This was the first time I came to the country, and those simple cottages attracted me.

這是我第一次來到鄉村，那些簡樸的農舍吸引了我。

相關詞 cottager [?k?t?d??(r)] n 住農舍者，村民；

cottage industry家庭手工業

同義詞 bothy [?b?θ?] n 茅屋，屋棚；

farmhouse [?fɑ:mha?s] n 農場住宅，農舍

GRE tenement

[?ten?m?nt] n 廉租公寓

eg. His wallet was stolen as soon as he arrived at this seaside city, so he had to rent a tenement with the little money left in his pocket.

一到這座海濱城市，他的錢包就被偷了，所以他不得不用口袋里

僅剩的一點錢去租住廉價的公寓。

相關詞 lessee [le?si:] n 承租人，租戶

rooming house（帶家具的）出租公寓住房；

lodging house有出租房間的公寓

托福 lodger

[?l?d??(r)] n 租房人，房客

eg. Some lodgers have been driven away by the landlord since they can't offer the money he asks for.

一些房客因為付不起房租被房東趕走了。

相關詞 lodging [?l?d???] n 暫住，寄宿；

lodge [l?d?] v 租?。籰andlord [?l?ndl?:d] n 房東

同義詞 tenant [?ten?nt] n 房客

四級 rent

[rent] n 租金

eg. The rent for the room is too high for the young man, who has just graduated from the college.

房租對于這個剛大學畢業的小伙子來說太高了。

相關詞 rental [?rentl] n 出租，租賃；

rented [?rent?d] adj 租用的，租借的；

renter [?rent?(r)] n 租用人，租戶；

rent-free [?rent?fri:] adj 免租金的

四級 lease

[li:s] v 租用，出租；n 租約，租契

eg. I am afraid he has lost the lease, because he always does such things.

我恐怕他已經把租契弄丟了，他總是這樣丟三落四。

相關詞 leaseback [?li:sb?k] n 售后回租；

leasehold [?li:sh??ld] adj （房屋或土地）租賃的，租用的；

leaseholder [?li:sh??ld?(r)] n 租賃人；

title deed房契，產權契約

四級 roof

[ru:f] n 屋頂

eg. The roof of the cottage was blown away by the strong wind last night.

昨晚的大風把茅舍的屋頂給刮走了。

相關詞 skylight [?ska?la?t] n 天窗；chimney [?t??mn?] n 煙囪；

antenna [?n?ten?] n 天線；aerial [?e?r??l] n 天線

GRE attic

[??t?k] n 閣樓，頂樓

eg. He invites his classmates to go up to the attic and have a look.

他邀請同學們上閣樓去看一看。

相關詞 eave [i:v] n 屋檐，房檐；

awning [??:n??] n 遮雨棚；

drainpipe [?dre?npa?p] n 排水管；

drain [dre?n] n 下水道

GRE ventilator

[?vent?le?t?(r)] n 通風口

eg. The man asked the workers to make a ventilator on the wall of the kitchen.

那個人要求工人們在廚房的墻上留一個通風口。

相關詞 fanlight [?f?nla?t] n 氣窗；

ventilate [?vent?le?t] v 使（房間、建筑等）通風；

ventilation [?vent??le??n] n 通風，通風裝置

同義詞 vent [vent] n 通風口，出口

四級 window

[?w?nd??] n 窗戶，窗玻璃

eg. Looking through the window, he saw some children flying kites on the grass.

透過窗戶，他看到一些孩子在草地上放風箏。

相關詞 window dressing櫥窗裝飾藝術；

windowpane [?w?nd??pe?n] n （一塊）窗玻璃；

window sill窗臺，窗沿；

dormer window天窗

托福 French window

[frent?][?w?nd??] 落地窗

eg. The French window in our new house opens onto a big balcony.

我們的新房有個落地窗，窗外是個大陽臺。

相關詞 picture window大觀景窗；

French door落地玻璃門；

screen [skri:n] n 紗窗

六級 stair

[ste?(r)] n 樓梯，梯級

eg. Because of being sick, my grandmother has trouble going down stairs.

因為生病了，奶奶下樓有點困難。

相關詞 staircase [?ste?ke?s] n （建筑物內的）樓梯；

stairway [?ste??we?] n 樓梯，階梯；

downstairs [?da?n?ste?z] adv 在樓下；adj 樓下的；

upstairs [??p?ste?z] adv 在樓上；adj 樓上的

四級 rail

[re?l] n 欄桿，扶手

eg. That day she leaned on the rail of the second floor to see off her son who was going into the army.

那天她靠在二樓的欄桿上，目送兒子去參軍。

相關詞 handrail [?h?ndre?l] n （樓梯等的）扶手

同義詞 railing [?re?l??] n 圍欄，欄桿；

balustrade [?b?l??stre?d] n 欄桿；

guard rail護欄，扶欄

六級 porch

[p?:t?] n 門廊

eg. There are plenty of colorful flowers on both sides of the porch to the city hall.

通往市政廳的門廊兩側擺有很多五顏六色的花。

同義詞 corridor [?k?r?d?:(r)] n 走廊，過道

hall [h?:l] n 門廳，正門過道；

hallway [?h?:lwe?] n 門廳，走廊

四級 doorstep

[?d?:step] n 門階

eg. The secretary found the lost document on the doorstep at last.

秘書最終在門階上找到了那份丟失的文件。

相關詞 front door前門；

back door后門；

doorway [?d?:?we?] n 出入口，門道；

doorkeeper [?d?:ki:p?(r)] n 看門人

四級 yard

[jɑ:d] n 院子

eg. On summer nights, mother often tells fairy stories to us in the yard.

夏夜里，媽媽經常在院子里給我們講神話故事。

相關詞 atrium [?e?tr??m] n 中庭，天井；

backyard [?b?k?jɑ:d] n 后院；

courtyard [?k?:tjɑ:d] n 庭院，院子；

patio [?p?t???] n 庭院，平臺

四級 hedge

[hed?] n 樹籬

eg. The large yard was divided into two parts by the hedge which was set last year.

那個大院子被去年立起來的樹籬分成兩部分。

相關詞 hedgerow [?hed?r??] n 矮樹籬；fence [fens] n 柵欄；

paling [?pe?l??] n 籬笆；stockade [st??ke?d] n 柵欄，圍欄

四級 garden

[?gɑ:dn] n 花園，庭園

eg. The heavy rain has turned the small garden into a swamp.

大雨使這小花園變成了一塊沼澤地。

相關詞 garden city花園城市；

garden party游園會；

gardener [?ɡɑ:dn?(r)] n 園藝愛好者；

gardening [?ɡɑ:dn??] n 園藝，園藝學

四級 swing

[sw??] n 秋千

eg. The father erected a swing in the yard for his daughter.

父親為女兒在院子里做了一個秋千。

相關詞 fountain [?fa?nt?n] n 人工噴泉；arbour [?ɑ:b?(r)] n 涼棚

四級 lawn

[l?:n] n 草坪

eg. Many children were playing on the lawn in front of your house.

許多孩子在你家門前的草坪上玩耍。

同義詞 sod [s?d] n 草坪，草地；turf [t?:f] n 草皮，草地；

greensward [?gri:nsw?:d] n 草皮；

sward [sw?:d] n 草地，草皮

四級 grass

[grɑ:s] n 草，青草

eg. Uncle Li bought a goat and some fresh grass from the market.

李叔叔從市場上買了一只山羊和一些新鮮的草。

相關詞 grassed [grɑ:st] adj 長滿草的；

grassland [?grɑ:sl?nd] n 草地，草原；

grassy [?ɡrɑ:s?] adj 長滿草的

四級 weed

[wi:d] n 雜草，野草

eg. The playground of the school was full of weeds after the summer vocation.

過了一個暑假，學校的操場上長滿了野草。

相關詞 weedkiller [?wi:dk?l?(r)] n 除草劑；

weedy [?wi:d?] adj 雜草叢生的；

mower [?m???(r)] n 割草機

六級 gatekeeper

[?ge?tki:p?(r)] n 看門人，門衛

eg. She would say hello to the gatekeeper every time she passed the gate.

她每次經過大門時都會跟守門人打招呼。

同義詞 janitor [?d??n?t?(r)] n 看門人，守門人；

caretaker [?ke?te?k?(r)] n 看門人，守門人；

custodian [k??st??di?n] n 門房，守門人

四級 community

[k??mju:n?t?] n 社區，團體

eg. The young man was very diligent and went to the community library to study on weekends.

那個年輕人很勤奮，每周末都去社區圖書館學習。

相關詞 cmmunity centre社區活動中心；

community college社區學院；

community service社區服務；

residents association居民委員會

四級 build

[b?ld] v 建筑，建造

eg. People in the town are delighted to hear that a railway station will be built there.

聽說鎮上要建火車站，人們都很高興。

相關詞 builder [?b?ld?(r)] n 建筑工人，建筑公司；

building site建筑工地；

built-in [b?lt?n] adj 嵌入式的，內置的；

built-up [?b?lt?p] adj （地區）建筑物等密集的

四級 architecture

[?ɑ:k?tekt??(r)] n 建筑學

eg. My elder brother majors in architecture, but he doesn't like it at all.

我哥哥學的是建筑學，但是他一點都不喜歡它。

相關詞 architectural [?ɑ:k??tekt??r?l] adj 建筑（學）的；

architecturally [?ɑ:k??tekt??r?l?] adv 建筑上；

architect [?ɑ:k?tekt] n 建筑師，設計者

四級 construct

[k?n?str?kt] v 建筑，修建

eg. The rich businessman was determined to construct a factory in his hometown.

那個富商決定在他的家鄉建一個工廠。

相關詞 construction [k?n?str?k?n] n 建筑，建造；

constructional [k?n?str?k??nl] adj 建造的，建筑的；

constructive [k?n?str?kt?v] adj 建設性的，有助益的；

constructor [k?n?str?kt?(r)] n 建造者，建造商

四級 brick

[br?k] n 磚

eg. To his surprise, the house was built with no bricks.

讓他吃驚的是，這座房子建造時竟然沒用一塊磚。

相關詞 bricklayer [?br?kle??(r)] n 砌磚工；瓦工；

brickwork [?br?kw?:k] n （建筑物的）磚結構；

brickworks [?br?kw?:ks] n 磚廠，磚窯；

brickyard [b?r?kjɑ:d] n 磚廠；

bricklaying [?br?kle???] n 砌磚，砌磚工作

四級 timber

[?t?mb?(r)] n 木材，木料

eg. The volunteers appeal to people not to use throwaway chopsticks for saving timber.

為了節約木材，志愿者呼吁人們不要使用一次性筷子。

相關詞 timbered [?t?mb?d] adj 木制的，木結構的；

lumber [?l?mb?(r)] n 木材，木料；log [l?ɡ] n 原木；

logging [?l?g??] n 伐木作業

四級 beam

[bi:m] n 梁

eg. The roof of the hall was said to be made up of ten beams.

據說大廳的屋頂是由十根梁木組成的。

相關詞 girder [?g?:d?] n 大梁；

beamed [bi:md] adj 有木梁的；

pillar [?p?l?(r)] n 柱子，支柱；

post [p??st] n 柱，桿

四級 concrete

[?k??kri:t] n 混凝土

eg. He always feels lonely and sad in the city built with steel rods and concrete.

在鋼筋和混凝土建成的城市里，他總是感到孤獨悲傷。

相關詞 cement [s??ment] n 水泥；

steel bar鋼筋；lime [la?m] n 石灰；

mortar [?m?:t?(r)] n 灰泥，灰漿；

adobe [??d??b?] n 黏土，黏土坯

四級 crane

[kre?n] n 起重機，吊車

eg. The truck that drove into the river was lifted from the water by a crane.

沖進河中的那輛卡車被一架起重機吊了出來。

相關詞 cement mixer混凝土攪拌機；

excavator [?eksk?ve?t?(r)] n 挖掘機

同義詞 derrick [?der?k] n 轉臂起重機；

hoist [h??st] n 起重機，吊車

托福 demolish

[d??m?l??] v 拆毀

eg. His house had been demolished when he hurried home.

當他匆忙趕到家時，房子已經被拆掉了。

相關詞 unbuild [??n?b?ld] v 拆毀，夷平；

dismantle [d?s?m?ntl] v 拆除；

demolition [?dem??l??n] n 拆毀，破壞

托福 sumptuous

[?s?mpt???s] adj 奢華的，華貴的

eg. We were ushered into a sumptuous private mansion.

我們被領進一幢豪華私人住宅。

相關詞 sumptuously [?s?mpt???sl?] adv 豪華地；

sumptuousness [?s?mpt???sn?s] n 豪華；

palatial [p??le??l] adj 富麗堂皇的；

deluxe [?d??l?ks] adj 高級的，豪華的

六級 shabby

[???b?] adj 破敗的

eg. The rich man donated some money to remodel the shabby school.

那個富人捐了一些錢來重建那所破舊的學校。

相關詞 shabbiness [???b?n?s] n 破舊，失修；

shanty [???nt?] n 簡陋小屋；

decrepit [d??krep?t] adj 破舊的；

decrepitude [d??krep?tju:d] n 破舊

四級 solid

[?s?l?d] adj 堅固的

eg. It's dangerous for the children to skate on the river because the ice isn't solid enough.

孩子們在河面上溜冰真是太危險了，因為冰不結實。

相關詞 solidity [s??l?d?t?] n 堅固性；

solidly [?s?l?dl?] adv 堅固地，牢固地；

solidify [s??l?d?fa?] v 鞏固；

solidification [s??l?d?f??ke??n] n 鞏固

四級 collapse

[k??l?ps] v （突然）倒塌，坍塌；n 坍塌

eg. It's lucky that the collapse of the building caused no casualties.

幸運的是建筑物倒塌沒有造成人員傷亡。

相關詞 collapsed [k??l?pzd] adj 坍塌的；

dilapidated [d??l?p?de?t?d] adj 年久失修的；

dilapidation [d??l?p??de??n] n 破舊，年久失修