Unit 2 Control Accounts

A control account is an account in the nominal ledger in which a record is kept of the total value of a number of similar but individual items. Control accounts are used chiefly for trade receivables and payables.

控制賬戶是總分類賬簿中用于記錄同類經濟業務總金額的賬戶。控制賬戶主要用于應收賬款和應付賬款。

The reasons for having control accounts are as follows：

·They provide a check on the accuracy of entries made in the personal accounts in the receivables ledger and payables ledger.

·檢驗應收賬款明細賬和應付賬款明細賬記錄是否正確。

·The control accounts also assist in the location of errors, where posting to the control accounts are made daily or weekly, or even monthly.

·便于查找差錯。

·Where there is a separation of clerical duties, the control account provides an internal check.

·便于分清職能，有利于內部查驗。

·To provide total receivables and payables balances more quickly for producing a trial balance or statement of financial position.

·編制試算平衡表或財務報表時，可以更快地提供應收及應付賬款的余額。

2.1 Receivables Control Account

A receivable control account is an account in which records are kept of transactions involving all receivables in total. The balance on the receivables control account at any time be the total amount due to the business at that time from its receivables.

2.1.1 Preparing the Control Account

Transactions affecting credit customers are：

·sales invoices；

·銷售發票；

·credit notes for sales returns；

·貸項通知單；

·payments by customers；

·客戶支付的款項；

· settlement discounts taken by customers（will be described in a later chapter）.

·客戶享有的現金折扣。

At regular intervals, perhaps weekly or monthly, the total for sales on credit according to the sales day book is recorded.

每隔一段時間，一個星期或一個月，根據銷售日記賬記錄的賒銷總額編制分錄。

Dr Receivables control account

借：應收賬款控制賬戶

Cr Sales

貸：銷售收入

Immediately afterwards, the individual sales listed in the sales day book are charged to the appropriate personal accounts.

之后，銷售日記賬中的每一項銷售業務將被記入相應的明細分類（個人）賬戶。

Example 4.1

Greg Tyson is a supplier of widgets. He has three regular credit customers. At the beginning of July, none of these customers owed any money. Transactions with these customers during July were recorded in the books of prime entry as Table 4.1 shows.

The totals of these transactions would be posted to the receivables control account as follows：

上述經濟業務的總額被記入應收賬款控制賬戶。

In additional to posting the totals to the receivables control account, the individual transaction details are posted to the personal accounts as follows：

每一筆交易被記入明細賬戶（個人賬戶）。

The ledger accounts can then be balanced and reconciled. The reconciliation of the control account total balance to the total balances of the individual customer accounts is shown below.

2.1.2 Receivables Control Account Reconciliation

For each account, the closing balance is the difference between the total debits and the total credits.

Note:c/d:carried forward; b/d:brought forward.

余額結轉下期；上期結轉余額。

Here, the total of the individual receivables account balances agrees with the balance on the control account. This should be expected, so there appears to be no error.

應收賬款個人（明細）賬戶的余額總和應與其控制賬戶余額相符。

2.2 Payables Control Account

A payables control account is an account in which records are kept of transactions involving all payables in total. The balance on this account at any time will be the total amount owed by the business at that time to its payables.

2.2.1 Preparing the Control Account

Transactions with suppliers are recorded in both the books of prime entry and the payables ledger. The transactions relating to credit purchases from suppliers are：

·purchase invoice；

·采購發票；

·credit notes for purchase returns；

·采購退回收到的貸項通知單；

·payments to suppliers；

·支付給供應商的款項；

·settlement discounts taken from suppliers（will be described in later chapter）.

·供應商給予的現金折扣。

This information are entered in book of prime entry, and then posted to the payables ledgers as follows：

原始記錄簿中的信息被過入應付賬款分類賬戶：

Dr Purchase

借：采購成本

Cr Payables control account

貸：應付賬款控制賬戶

In addition to posting the totals to the payables ledger, the value of individual transactions is posted to the personal accounts.

此外，每一項采購業務將被過入相應的明細分類（個人）賬戶。

Example 4.2

Bob James is a car parts distributor. He has four credit suppliers. At the beginning of July, he did not owe any of these suppliers money. Transactions with these suppliers during July were recorded in the books of prime entry as Table 4.4 shows.

The total of these transactions would be posted to the payables control account as follows：

經濟業務的總金額將被過入應付賬款控制賬戶。

In addition to posting the totals to the control account, the individual transaction details are posted to the personal accounts as follows：

每一項經濟業務信息被過入個人賬戶（明細分類賬戶）。

2.2.2 Payables Control Account Reconciliation

Reconciliation is very similar to the approach with the receivables control account. At any time, the balance on the control account should be equal to the total of all the balances on the individual supplier accounts in the payables ledger.

The reconciliation of payables control account is shown below.

Note that there is a debit balance on Eastern's account. This is because Bob James has paid more than the amount of his debt, and Eastern therefore owes money to Bob James. Eatern's account is‘in debit'.

注意，Eastern的賬戶余額在借方，這是因為Bob James支付的金額超過他的欠款。

Here, the total of the individual payables account balances agrees with the balance on the control account. This should be expected, so there appears to be no error.

應付賬款個人（明細）賬戶的余額總和與其總賬賬戶相符，則沒有記賬差錯。