第4單元　弗朗西斯?培根

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)（弗朗西斯·培根）

1Life（生平）

Bacon was born in a noble family. Bacon was educated at home in his early years. In 1573, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge. Later, he entered de societate magistrorum at Gray’s Inn, Paris. When James I came to the throne, Bacon was also appointed Lord Chancellor. But three years later, he was accused of bribery and was put into prison. In his after years, he focused on philosophy and science.

培根出生于一個(gè)貴族家庭。從小就受到了很好的教育。1573年的時(shí)候，他進(jìn)入劍橋大學(xué)三一學(xué)院讀書(shū)。后來(lái)又到巴黎上學(xué)。當(dāng)詹姆士一世當(dāng)政時(shí)，他最高當(dāng)上了大法官。但三年后因受賄被捕入獄，政治生涯結(jié)束。培根晚年致力于哲學(xué)著述和科學(xué)研究。

2Major works（主要作品）

Advancement of Learning《學(xué)術(shù)的演進(jìn)》

New Instrument《新工具》

Essays《論說(shuō)文集》

3Selected works（作品選讀）

(1) Of Study《論讀書(shū)》

Of Study discusses the purposes, functions and different views towards study. It uses the device of parallelism to give the description.

《論讀書(shū)》詳細(xì)討論了讀書(shū)的目的和功能，分析了詩(shī)人對(duì)讀書(shū)的不同態(tài)度，介紹了讀書(shū)的各種方法。文中用了排比的修辭手法來(lái)表述觀點(diǎn)。

(2) Of Wisdom For A Man’s Self《論自謀》

It makes an analysis of self-love and love for society. The author thinks that a person should be true to himself and should not be false to others, especially to the king and country. The wisdom is to sacrifice himself for the society.

《論自謀》分析了愛(ài)己之心與為人之心的關(guān)系。作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)該對(duì)自己忠誠(chéng)，不應(yīng)該損害別人的利益，尤其是君主和國(guó)家的利益。真正的智慧是犧牲個(gè)人，保全社會(huì)。

4The style of Bacon’s essay（培根散文的風(fēng)格）

His articles have wide references and discussions; sometimes make analysis from several levers. He always use simple examples to embody profound ideas. His style is concise and penetrating. He often uses row sentence, analogy and is noted for its particular epigram.

他的文章旁征博引，縱橫議論，或多方推究，層層剖析，寓深刻的思想于淺顯的事例之中，讀來(lái)引人深思。 培根文筆簡(jiǎn)潔，鞭辟入里，有獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解。他的文章常用排句、類比，以特別富于警句格言著稱。

5Comment on Bacon（對(duì)培根的評(píng)價(jià)）

Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. Marx regarded Bacon as “the real father of English materialism and the whole modern experimental science”.

培根是英國(guó)著名的哲學(xué)家、政治家、科學(xué)家、律師、法官、作家和科學(xué)方法論的先驅(qū)。馬克思稱他為“英國(guó)唯物主義和整個(gè)現(xiàn)代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的真正始祖”。