第1章　復習筆記

第1單元　杰弗里?喬叟

Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（杰弗里·喬叟）

1Life（生平）

In 1340, Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London, a son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He is the founder of English poetry.

Chaucer was a royal butler and had several occasions to Belgium, France and Italy. Thus, French culture and Italy humanist literature represented by Dante, Pytlak and Bio had a great influence on him.

He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”.

1340年，杰弗里·喬叟出生于倫敦，是一個與宮廷有聯系的酒商的兒子。他是英語詩歌的創始者。

喬叟曾充任王室管家，數度出使比利時、法國和意大利。喬叟早年受法國文學和以但丁、彼特拉克與薄伽丘為代表的意大利人文主義文學的影響。

喬叟逝于1400年，被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂，“詩人角”開始出現。

2Main works（主要作品）

Troilus and Criseyde (1380-1385)《特羅勒斯與克麗西德》

The Canterbury Tales (1386-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》

3Chaucer’ s Literary Career（文學生平）

Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods. The first period consists of works translated from French, the second consists of works adapted from the Italian, as Troilus and Criseyde. The third period includes The Canterbury Tales, which is purely English.

喬叟的文學生平可劃分為三個階段。第一階段喬叟的作品主要是從法語翻譯過來的，第二階段則改編于意大利，如《特洛伊羅斯與克瑞西達》。第三階段包括《坎特伯雷故事集》，這是純英語創作階段。

4Selected works（選讀作品）

◆The Canterbury Tales（1386-1400）《坎特伯雷故事集》

(1) Main plot（內容提要）

The poet and other travelers went to Canterbury on a pilgrimage. They decided that every person told two stories as entertainment. The story-tellers come from different classes and occupations, including knight, merchant, monk and doctors etc.

詩人與一群不約而同前往坎特怕雷朝圣的香客結識并結伴同行。他們決定每人講兩個故事，作為消遣。講述者中間有武士、商人、僧尼、醫生等不同階層和職業的人物。

(2) Social Significances of The Canterbury Tales（社會影響）

a. Through the depiction of the characters and stories, it shows a vivid English social-life picture of the 14th century. It also reflects the rise of the bourgeoisie and its mental attitude.

b. Taking from the stand of rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the Church.

c. He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.

d. His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time, attack degeneration of the noble, the corruption of the Church.

a. 通過人物介紹與故事的敘述，作品生動地反映了英國十四世紀的社會生活，展示了反映資產階級的興起及其精神面貌的現實生活圖景。

b. 站在發展中的小資產階級的立場，喬叟肯定了人的力量，反對教會宣揚的禁欲主義。

c. 贊揚了人的力量，智慧和對生活的熱愛。

d. 展現并批判了時代的罪惡，批判了貴族和教會的墮落。

(3) Chaucer’ s Language（喬叟的語言）

a. Chaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of word-pictures.

b. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, (especially the heroic couplet) to English poetry.

c. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.

d. Chaucer is good at the terza rima, which makes his language a high style.

a. 喬叟的語言屬于中英語，非常形象準確。他是用語言構建圖畫的大師。

b. 喬叟對英語詩歌的貢獻主要在于他將法國的韻腳重復的詩節（尤其是英雄雙韻體）介紹到英國。

c. 喬叟在使倫敦方言成為現代英語的標準中發揮了重要作用。

d. 喬叟善于使用三行體，這種詩體使他的語言很高雅。