第二部分　核心講義

模塊一　英語測試考試指南

一、試題特點

建設銀行招聘考試英語測試一般為3篇或4篇長閱讀理解，每篇文章后面有5個問題。通過分析歷年建設銀行招聘考試英語測試真題可以發現，閱讀理解在設置題目的時候，往往針對文中以下幾個方面命題：

1．強調處、絕對處、最高處、the only…或only在句首做狀語

【例1】 Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration.

Q: What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?

A) It may change the existing social structure.

B) It may pose a threat to their economic status.

C) It may lead to social instability in the country.

D) It may place a great strain on the state budget.

【答案】D

【解析】文章提到“what worried them most was the fiscal burden”說明當地的高技能人才最擔心的是移民帶來的財政負擔。D項“給國家預算帶來巨大壓力”與原文意思符合。

 

2．舉例處

為了使觀點更具說服力，作者會用舉例來論證，通常由for example, such as, as, for instance, that is, to name a few, as follows等引導的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例子常是命題重點。例子一般是和文章或段落中心緊密相關的，且常以“事實細節題”或“推理判斷題”出現。

【例2】 Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.

Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.

Q: What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?

A) Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.

B) People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.

C) Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.

D) Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.

【答案】A

【解析】本段作者講述了自己曾作為服務員的經歷，當時她碰到了一位蠻橫無禮的顧客，對她隨意地呼來喚去。結合第一段最后一句話，可知作者想表達的意思是：很多顧客不尊重為他們提供服務的人。故選A項。

 

3．特殊標點處

一些特殊的標點符號（如破折號、冒號、引號）處也是考點之一。作者為了使論點更有依據，常會引用名人名言或重要發現等，即引號中的內容；而冒號、破折號等則是為了解釋前面已經提到的對象。這些考點多以“推理判斷題”和“事實細節題”出現。

【例3】 Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

Q: What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?

A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.

B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.

C) They will melt into the African-American community.

D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.

【答案】D

【解析】由倒數第二句后半句，破折號之后的內容large parts of the community may become mired in a eemingly state of poverty and underachievement（這個群體中大部分人可能會陷入明顯的貧困和低成就狀況中）。D項中的forever remain 對應于原文的become mired，poor 和underachieving 則對應于原文的poverty and nderachievement，故D項正確。

 

4．轉折處與強對比處

文章的轉折處以及強對比處也是出題的密集點之一，且常以“事實細節題”或“推理判斷題”出現。表示轉折的標志詞有：but, in fact, however, nevertheless等。

【例4】Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.

Q:What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

B) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.

C) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.

D) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.

【答案】A

【解析】文中提到“but an economic expansion”，即過去兩年的數據表明國內經濟活動并沒有大幅度衰退，而是經濟擴張，故選A項。

 

5．主題句處

主題句通常出現在段首或段尾處，且以“主旨大意題”、“觀點態度題”的考查形式居多，但也會出現“事實細節題”等。其標志詞有in general, generally, in a word等。

【例5】Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.

Q: How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?

A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.

B) They competed with one another to attract more customers.

C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.

D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis.

【答案】C

【解析】“Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal”是本段的主旨句，指明員工可能因為不切實際的目標而被迫撒謊、欺騙甚至是偷竊，也就是說他們會為了達到銷售目標而運用不道德的手段，即C項。

 

6．因果關系處

考查由某些原因造成的現象，常以“事實細節題”的形式出現。其標志詞有for this reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so等。

【例6】The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation’s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It’s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates...

Q:Why do Americans feel humiliated?

A) Their economy is plunging.

B) Their currency has slumped.

C) They can’t afford trips to Europe.

D) They have lost half of their assets.

【答案】B

【解析】由“The weak dollar is a source of humiliation”可看出美國人感到屈辱的原因是美元的走弱。B項中的currency和slump分別與原文的dollar和weak相對應。

7．定義結論處

在這些地方通?？疾槲恼碌闹行挠^點或引用的觀點，其信號詞有In my opinion, my view is, as I see, conclude等。

【例7】A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes...

Q: What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?

A) More young voters are going to the polls than before.

B) The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.

C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.

D) Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.

【答案】A

【解析】根據題干中的new study、CIRCLE定位到第一段第一句“…shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generation”（現在參加投票的年輕人比前幾代多。）因此選A項。

 

8．數字年代處

數字、年份等處常以“事實細節題”的形式出現。

【例8】 Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely

Q:Students who attend an in-state college or university can?

A) save more on tuition

B) receive a better education

C) take more liberal-arts courses

D) avoid traveling long distances

【答案】A

【解析】本段對不同大學的費用進行了比較。其中，外地學生上科羅拉多大學博爾德分校的費用為35,542美元，而本地學生費用是17,380美元，由此可見上州內大學可以節省費用，選A項。

 

9．復雜句

復雜句常是命題者出題之處，包括同位語、插入語、定語、長句后半句，從句、不定式、副詞等，命題者主要考查考生對句子之間指代關系。

【例9】The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二戰后生育高峰期出生的美國人) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they’ve inherited from Generation X (60年代后期和70年代出生的美國人).

Q: What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?

A) They are politically conservative.

B) They reject conventional values.

C) They dare to take up challenges.

D) They are indifferent to politics.

【答案】D

【解析】“The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy they've inherited from Generation X.”（結果是產生了一群年輕人，他們目的感強烈，擺脫了從Generation X身上繼承的冷漠的一面。）由此可見“X”代人是不關心政治。所以選擇D項。

 

二、題型分析及應試技巧

1．事實細節題

這類問題是針對文章的某個具體事實和細節，如：時間、地點、人物、原因、結果、條件、現象等的提問。

（1）常見的提問方式

When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)…?

All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…

According to the passage, the best answer to…is…

The author says…because…

Which of the following may be the best reason for…?

（2）解題步驟

①關鍵詞定位

根據人名、地名、數字、時間、重要名詞、動詞等關鍵詞來定位答案在原文中的位置。

②確定答案

根據關鍵詞定位后，優先看定位處是否可以回答題目，如果不能，接著看它的后一句，最后看它的前一句。如果仍沒有找到答案，就在本段內看考點。

事實細節題的答案和原文通常會有所差別，常常不是文章中的原話，而是詞語或句子的同義轉述。

（3）事實細節題干擾項特征

①與原文表述完全相反；

②與原文表述部分相同；

③與原文表述相似但過于絕對化；

④雖然是原文內容，但并非題目答案，即答非所問；

⑤原文中根本沒提到。

2．主旨大意題

主旨大意題是指測試文章中心思想和段落大意的題。

(1)常見的提問方式

What’s the main idea of…?

What’s the topic/purpose/point of…?

What’s the best title of…?

（2）解題技巧

主旨大意題要求考生把握結構形式和推理過程。閱讀理解多是說明文和議論文，因此熟悉這兩種文體的結構特點可以幫助考生快速把握文章脈絡和主題。這兩種文體的文章結構基本如下：提出問題—解決問題—得出結論或闡明觀點。

答題時應仔細閱讀文章的第一段、最后一段以及每段的首末句，找出主題句、主題詞，尤其要注意全文首句和第一段的轉折，有時轉折會把前面的觀點否定掉，接著再提出作者的觀點。

（3）主旨大意題正確答案特征

主旨大意是對文章的整體性描述，具有概括性和結論性，因此可將描述文章某一細節的選項排除掉。

一般有兩個選項意義相近，但詞義有細微差別，通常其中之一便是正確選項。

（4）主旨大意題干擾項特征

①論述范圍包括文章內容，但又超過了文章內容，過于籠統；

②論述范圍太窄，只涉及文章的某一方面或若干要點，屬于以偏概全；

③提到的某個單詞或詞組等在原文中出現，但偏離文章主題；

④和文章內容沒有關系，或與文章內容相悖。

3．推理判斷題

推理判斷題包括：根據語義推斷作者的言外之意；根據邏輯推斷文章中沒有明確表達的內容。

（1）常見的提問方式

題干中表明該題為考查推理判斷的詞有suggest, imply, indicate, conclude, infer, learn等。主要的提問方式包括：

By saying…, the author suggests that…

It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed…

From the passage, it can be inferred that…

It is implied, but not stated, that…

（2）解題技巧

①推理判斷題不能從文章中直接找到答案，因此是原文原話的選項一般可排除。

②根據語義進行推斷的題目，要注意一些詞匯的言外之意，如try/attempt暗示失敗或未能達成，challenge暗示做某事困難，envy暗示自己沒有，actually暗示與眾人了解的情況相反；此外，虛擬語氣和過去式等也可用作推斷的依據。

③對于根據邏輯進行推斷的題目，通常是將兩個性質相對或相反的事物進行比較，即由一個事物的性質推斷出與之相反的性質。在做此類題目時，應注意一些信號詞，如unlike, different, contrary to, in contrast to等。

邏輯推理題有時也會考查兩事物性質或特點相近的題目，由一個事物的性質可知另一事物也具有類似性質，常用的信號詞有like, as等。

（3）推理判斷題正確答案特征

①選項不是文中明確提到的內容。推理判斷題中，即使選項符合原文敘述，但是沒有引申推理就不是正確選項。

②當四個選項可以全部根據常識進行判斷時，其中含義深刻的往往是正確選項，有時唯一不是常識項的是正確選項。

（4）推理判斷題干擾項特征

①只是原文的簡單復述，而非推斷出來的結論，把直接表達當做間接推理；

②看似是從原文推斷出來的結論，實際上卻與原文不符，例如把原文的原因變成了選項中的結果，把原文的手段變成了選項中的目的；

③選項根據常識判斷是正確的，但卻不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點。因此，考生不能僅憑自己的主觀想法或生活經驗去推理，因為命題者考查的是考生揣摩作者意圖的能力；

④雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據，但推理過頭，概括過度；

⑤有部分選項的內容純屬無中生有。

4．語義推斷題

語義推斷題是從文章的某句話中選出一個單詞、詞組或短語，要求考生根據上下文推斷其在原文中的特定含義?？疾榈脑~匯通常有以下種情況：超綱詞匯；簡單詞匯但意義不常見；特定場合下表示特定含義。

（1）常見的提問方式

The word “…” in line…probably means…

Which of the following has the closest meaning to “…”?

The author uses the expression“…”to refer to…

The word “…” can best be replaced by…

（2）解題步驟

①找到考查部分所在的句子；

②確定詞性以及單詞、詞組等在句子中所起的語法作用；

③對上下文進行分析，確定其中是否有該詞的定義、同義詞、近義詞或反義詞，理解上下文的意思，從而判斷出正確答案。

對于超出大綱的詞也可以利用構詞法來猜測詞義。

（3）干擾項特征

語義推斷題的干擾項通常是表達單詞或短語表面意思的選項，即簡單的單詞不要選熟悉的意思。

5．觀點態度題

觀點態度題是測試作者的觀點和態度以及文章基調的題，對于這類題，要仔細查考作者的用詞、口氣等方能判斷。

對于新聞類文章、科技科普類文章、歷史事件的陳述等通常不包含作者的主觀態度，而以客觀事實為依據。而在社論、評論性文章、政治性演講等文中，通常都是強調作者的主觀態度。

（1）正確選項特征

包括作者明確的觀點和立場。

正面評價：positive, favorable, complimentary, supported, approving, defensive, optimistic等。

負面評價：negative, critical, questioning, unfair, pessimistic等。

觀點態度題中作者對某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反對，帶中立色彩的詞基本不可能是正確答案。但也有一個特例，即objective。當文章是理科類且針對全文，而不是某一具體事物時，或文章是議論文且包括兩個對立觀點，而作者沒有表示明確的觀點和立場時，該選項通常為正確選項。

（2）干擾選項特征

一般表示絕對化或過于強烈的選項通常是錯誤的。如：

過正：enthusiastic熱心的；狂熱的

過負：foolish, childish, criminal, cynical

過主觀：subjective, arbitrary, biased, careless

有些詞一般不可能成為觀點態度題的正確選項：indifferent, cautious, puzzle, emotional

（3）文章基調

文章的基調同樣表達了作者的觀點態度，文章基調包括憤怒、同情、悲哀、諷刺、擔憂、關心等，常用詞如下：angry, sympathetic, serious, ironic, critical, matter-of-fact, tolerant, straightforward等。

（4）注意事項

①注意區分作者的觀點和作者引用的別人的觀點；

②文章沒有明確提出作者的觀點態度時，應根據文章中使用的詞語的褒貶性去判斷；

③通常情況下，作者的觀點是與文章主旨關聯的。

【例10】

The 35-year-old Beijing woman is watching an ad showing a giant television made by me Chinese company Haler. A stream of introduction for the television floats in and out of view, including one about receiving electronic mail over the tube. A surfer rides the waves between skyscrapers, his wash leaving an “@” in the water. The ad is “ too direct”, she tells an interviewer. “There is this guy talking, telling me all about the product, showing me some images. We get it—but we don’t like it.”

Since a Shanghai television station aired China’s first TV commercial in 1979, most have been the plain, straightforward, tell-the-name-of-the-product-and-what-it-does kind Those started disappearing in the U.S. in the late 1960s in favor of more subtle pitches using irony and humor. Now a study says Chinese commercials don’t have to talk down to consumers anymore either—at least the one-third of them living in China’s prosperous cities, and who most interest advertisers.

Even the Western agencies that win awards elsewhere for hip, inventive commercials usually keep it simple in China. After all this country only began opening up 20 years ago and is fairly new to advertising. And to consumer culture, too. China is still a developing nation where an income of just$20,000 a year qualifies an urban household as middle-class. On the other hand, city people who once aspired to own the “big three”—a television, refrigerator and washing machine—have already moved up to DVD players and mobile phones. And with a population of 1.3 billion, the world’s largest, China is a huge market. That is why the world’s largest companies, from Coca-Cola to Procter & Gamble, are battling it out in China. Advertisers spent more than $500 million dollars through the first half of the year, estimates market researcher, making China the largest advertising market in Asia after Japan.

The prevailing view of many of those advertisers and their agencies is that the Chinese don’t yet get clever or subtle advertising and they prefer a straightforward ad with lots of information. But the April survey of almost 500 people in five China’s largest cities discovered “a savvy urban population, tired of a diet of 'boring' ads and hungry to be treated as the sophisticated decision-makers they are.” In short, the Chinese appreciation of what makes a good ad is no different from their counterparts anywhere else in the world.

1．The 35-year-old woman is dissatisfied with the ad of Haler TV because（　?。?

A) there is too much misleading information in it.

B) it hasn’t given a thorough introduction of the product

C) it is too difficult to understand

D) it has been showed in a simple-minded way

【答案】D

【解析】細節辨析題。文章第一段第四句中的too direct表明該女士認為海爾電視機的廣告方式過于簡單直接，故選項D正確。

2．By saying “Chinese commercials don’t have to talk down to consumers” (Lines 3-4, Para.2), the author suggests that（　　）.

A) the plain and straightforward way of advertising should be abolished

B) it is not necessary to take up irony and humor in advertisement

C) advertisers are more interested in how to attract the high-class citizens

D) those disappearing in the U.S. may be just appropriate in China

【答案】A

【解析】細節辨析題。文章第二段末句開頭的Now…either表明上句提到的在美國已棄用的廣告方式現在也可在中國棄用了。而根據上句開頭Those started disappearing可推斷在美國棄用的廣告方式是指本段首句提到的簡單直接的廣告方式，故選項A正確。

3．What can we learn about the consumer culture in China?（　　）

A) It is not as complicated as that outside China.

B) It has not been fully understood yet.

C) Its influence on advertising is still limited.

D) It is one of the most important products of opening up policy.

【答案】B

【解析】細節辨析題。文章第三段第三句是一個省略句，省略的內容在第二句提及，表明中國對消費文化也不太熟悉。故選項B正確。

4．The author agrees that China’s middle-class households（　　）.

A) are interested in inventive ads instead of simple ones

B) earn less than the overseas middle-class households

C) contribute most to China’s consumer market

D) no longer aspired to own the “the big three”

【答案】B

【解析】細節辨析題。文章第三段第三句是一個省略句，省略的內容在第二句提及，表明中國對消費文化也不太熟悉。故選項B正確。

5．The passage mainly intends to discuss（　?。?

A) the most effective ways of advertising in China

B) the development of advertising styles in china

C) consumers' view on the ads in China

D) a misconception on the ads in China

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文最關注的應該是消費者對廣告的看法。文章以某個消費者對廣告的看法開始，故選項C正確。