2012年碩士學位研究生入學資格考試GCT英語真題及詳解

第四部分：外語運用能力測試（英語）

(50題, 每小題2分, 滿分100分)

Part I  Vocabulary and Structure

Directions：There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1. I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning ______.

A. around

B. back

C. away

D. down

2. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms ______ for you.

A. have been booked

B. are booked

C. would be booked

D. were booked

3.If you ______ to my advice, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.

A. 1isten

B. 1istened

C. had listened

D. would listen

4. Those close to him are ______ that he hopes to stay on till the end of his term.

A. ensured

B. confirmed

C. supposed

D. convinced

5. Working women haven’t left the family role behind：now they are ______ to work even harder to do both.

A. expected

B. wished

C. hoped

D. desired

6. Modern technology has brought ______ communication between people far apart.

A. competent

B. convenient

C. conscious

D. complete

7. Under no ______ are children allowed to tell lies to their parents.

A. circumstances

B. situations

C. occasions

D. moments

8. We need a more capable leader, ______ with a strong will as well as good humor.

A. who

B. that

C. one

D. which

9.The lectures, ______ the current hot issues, were well received.

A. that covered

B. covered

C. covering

D. to cover

10.Being an intelligent boy, he ______ such a foolish mistake.

A. needn't have made

B. can’t have made

C. won’t have made

D. wouldn't have made

Part II  Reading Comprehension

Directions：In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:

Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.

According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.

The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100,000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.

But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary. There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said "Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "

But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!

11. What does “sanguine” （Para. 2） mean ?

A. Depressed

B. Cheerful

C. Lucky

D. Emotional

12. The study mentioned in Para. 2 indicates that people ______

A. are more optimistic than they believe

B. are less optimistic than they believe

C. like good news more than they think

D. like good news less than they think

13. What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?

A. Collecting false information.

B. Overemphasizing evidence.

C. Misjudging the situation.

D. Giving a pessimistic forecast.

14. The author suggests in the last paragraph that we ______

A. adjust our goals in life

B. learn to release bad mood

C. avoid being overoptimistic

D. maintain a positive attitude

15. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.

B. Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.

C. Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.

D. Optimism is what keeps us going forward.

Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:

The International Olympic Committee （IOC） has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100- meter final. The IOC has issued a statement saying it "takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate."

IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets overseas, increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized, third party resellers. Despite this, Sunday Times undercover reporters posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries. One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its website. Mr. Capralos has so far refused to comment.

16. The IOC is investigating its own officials for ______

A. running the black market

B. secretly meeting reporters

C. illegally selling tickets

D. criticizing Sunday Times

17. The word “allegations” （Para. 1）probably means ______.

A. discussions

B. claims

C. announcements

D. opinions

18. Sunday Times revealed ______

A. details about IOC's emergency session

B. evidence against some IOC officials

C. ticket prices for men's 100-meter final

D. pricing policy of the London Olympics

19. Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?

A. Selling tickets internationally.

B. Raising the prices of the tickets.

C. Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.

D. Giving tickets to their friends.

20. Faced with the evidence against him, Capralos ______

A. blamed other officials

B. admitted the facts

C. issued a statement

D. gave no response

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:

Pressed by competition and its own success, the popular search engine Google has created an automated way to search for new employees who are fully appropriate as well as high-achieving.

In a project, the 100,000 people who fill in online job applications for Google each month will be asked to complete a complicated questionnaire（問卷）exploring their attitudes, behaviour, personality and backgrounds going back to their school days.

The questions range from whether applicants have ever set a world record, to whether their workspace is messy or tidy or what magazines they read. Answers are studied by Google's mathematicians to calculate a score meant to predict how well a person will fit into the organization's diversified and competitive culture.

Psychometric tests（心理測試）are already used by more traditional companies to select workers, but they are unheard of in a company like Google, which is built on a belief in individual talent. The online questionnaire is based on the answers to 300 questions sent out last summer to every employee at the head office in California's Silicon Valley. Some questions were factual: What programming languages are you familiar with? What internet mailing lists are you on?

Other questions, however, tried to establish personality and behavioural characteristics: Have you ever tutored another person?

“We wanted to cast a very wide net,” said Laszlo Bock, Google's Vice-President for People Operations. “It is not unusual to walk into our office and bump into dogs. Maybe people who own dogs have some personality feature that is useful.”

21. Google has created a new way of recruiting in order to ______

A. find the most appropriate employees

B. better compete with other companies

C. spread its unique corporate culture

D. conduct an online research project

22. The information gained from the questionnaire will be ______

A. analyzed in a report

B. summed up in a figure

C. organized into a chart

D. kept in its raw state

23. What is true about the Google online questionnaire?

A. It was based on a survey of its employees.

B. It focuses on background questions.

C. It was designed by some mathematicians.

D. It has been filled out by 100,000 people.

24. What distinguishes Google from more traditional companies in selecting workers?

A. Preferring those who own pets.

B. Stressing overall personal qualities.

C. Asking more complex questions.

D. Believing in high-achieving experience.

25. By “casting a wide net” (last paragraph), Laszlo Bock means ______

A. recruiting a wide range of talents

B. finding candidates with peculiar personality

C. identifying candidates with wide interests

D. picking out as many applicants as possible

Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart:

Cigarette Smoking by Grade Level .2005-2009

（說明：2005年為白框, 2007年為灰框, 2009年為黑框）

26. The purpose of the chart is to show ______

A. the percentages of smokers in schools

B. the increase of smokers in grades 9-12 during 2005-2009

C. the number of teenage smokers in grades 9-12

D. the amount of money spent by young smokers over the years

27. Which grade had the highest percentage of smokers in 2005?

A. The 9th

B. The 10th

C. The 11th

D. The 12th

28. The percentage of the 9th grade smokers in 2009 was ______

A. 23. 2

B. 25. 2

C. 31. 2

D. 33. 4

29. Which grade saw the greatest increase of smokers over the four years?

A. The 9th

B. The 10th

C. The 11th

D. The 12th

30. What tendency can we find from the chart?

A. Smokers in all grades have increased.

B. The higher the grade, the more the smokers.

C. The older a student, the more he smokes.

D. Low graders smoke less heavily.

Part III  Cloze Test

Directions：There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.

Working memory,  or short—term memory,  involves the ability to hold and use information in the immediate future.31______ is only held in working memory for about 20 seconds. The challenge that students32______ is to move information from their working memories into their long—term memories. If they don’t do this in about the first few minutes after receiving the information, that information can be lost. To keep this newly learned material from33______ away, it needs to enter the network of the brain’s wiring.

After repeated practice, working memories are set down as permanent neuronal（神經(jīng)的）circuits34______ to be activated（激活）when the information is needed. When a memory has been recalled35______ its neuronal circuits are more highly developed because of their repeated activation.

36______ exercising a muscle, these circuits then become more efficient and easier to access and activate. Practice results37______ repeated stimulation of the memory circuit. Like hikers along a path38______ eventually leave a depression in the road, repeated practice stimulates cells in the memory circuit such that the circuit is reinforced and becomes39______. This means it can be quickly turned from off to on, and switched 40______ through a variety of cues coming in from the senses.

31.A. Material B. Information C. Knowledge   D. Ability

32.A. have   B. take 　  C. face 　  D. hold

33.A. slipping B. turning 　  C. moving 　 D. stepping

34.A. useful 　  B. good 　 C. open 　 D. ready

35.A. usually 　 B. often 　 C. well 　  D. soon

36.A. During 　 B. By   C. Like 　  D. Unlike

37.A. in B. at 　  C. from 　 D. with

38.A. where 　  B. which   C. what 　 D. who

39.A. stronger B. weaker 　  C. longer D. shorter

40.A. over   B. back 　  C. off   D. on

Part IV  Dialogue Completion

Directions：In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a single line through the center.

41. A：I’ve called you a hundred times today.

B： ______. I was busy.

A. Sorry about that

B. Sounds fine

C. I appreciate that

D. That’s all right

42. A：I thought you were working until 6：30.

B： ______, but we finished our meeting at 5：30 and were let go.

A. I tried to

B. I was supposed to

C. I hoped so

D. I’d love to

43. A：Are you ready for the test tomorrow?

B： ______

A：Come on. I am sure you will do well.

A. Why do you ask?

B. Sure, no problem.

C. What about you?

D. No. I’m afraid not.

44. A：That necklace looks really lovely on you.

B： ______.

A. It cost me a fortune

B. It’s very nice of you

C. It will be nice on you too

D. I hope you like it

45. A：This is like the coolest CD I’ve ever heard.

B： ______. I’m trying to concentrate on my work.

A. Cut it short

B. Keep it down

C. Turn it over

D. Bring it up

46.A：I need to get this done by noon. Can you give me a hand?

B： ______.

A. I can give you both hands

B. I’ll watch your back

C. I’m all yours

D. The pleasure is mine

47.A：Good morning. I’d like to book a table for two for 8：30 on Friday, please.

B： ______

A. Yes, speaking.

B. Hold the line.

C. Your name, please?

D. After a while.

48.A：It’s Janet Smith ______?

B：Yes, I’d like to have some information about having a phone installed.

A. Who’s that

B. What’s wrong

C. What’s up

D. May I help you

49. Shop assistant：What do you have in mind?

Customer：I’m thinking about jewelry or something valuable.

Shop assistant：We’ve got beautiful jewelry here. If you’re interested, ______.

A. I can show you

B. you can see it

C. I’ll get it

D. you should buy it

50.A：I like this apartment very much, but I′ll come back this evening with my wife and kids. Will that be convenient?

B： ______.

A. It’s good for you

B. That’s fine with me

C. It’s thoughtful of you

D. That’s right

參考答案及詳解

Part I  Vocabulary and Structure

1.C  句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)我把自己置于了一個無法脫身的處境。turn away“脫身”符合句意。turn around轉(zhuǎn)身。turn back回身、回頭。turn down拒絕。故選C項。

2.A  句意：你應該住在為你預訂好的房間里。本題考查時態(tài)，由are可知，應用現(xiàn)在時。結(jié)合句意，“預訂”這一動作已經(jīng)完成，應用完成時態(tài)。故選A項。

3.C  句意：如果你當時聽從我的建議，現(xiàn)在就不會弄得一團糟。本題考察虛擬語氣。結(jié)合句意可知，該句是對過去行為的虛擬，應用過去完成時態(tài)。故選C項。

4.D  句意：跟他關(guān)系近的人相信他希望留到屆滿。be convinced that“確信的，深信的”符合句意。ensure保證；確保。confirm確認；證實。suppose猜想；認為。ABC三項往往用主動形式而不用被動形式。故選D項。

5.A  句意：職業(yè)婦女并沒有拋棄在家庭所扮演的角色，人們還希望她們在家務和工作兩個方面更加努力。“be expected to do”是“expect sb. to do”的被動形式，意思是“被期待做某事”。BCD三項雖然都有“希望”的意思，但一般接賓語從句，而不接sb. to do。故選A項。

6.B  句意：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)給相距很遠的人們帶來了方便的信息交流。convenient“方便的”符合句意。competent能勝任的；有能力的。conscious有意識的。complete完整的；徹底的。故選B項。

7.A  句意：在任何情況下孩子們都不準對父母撒謊。under no circumstances“在任何情形下”符合句意。situation與介詞“in”搭配。occasion與介詞“on”搭配。moment與介詞“at”搭配。故選A項。

8.C  句意：我們需要一個更有能力的領(lǐng)導人，一個具有強大毅力和幽默感的領(lǐng)導人。由于修飾詞為一個人“l(fā)eader”，B和D項不正確。A項“who”往往引導定語從句，不接短語。one可連接同位語。故選C項。

9.C  句意：涉及當代熱點問題的講座受到了熱烈歡迎。空格處是插入語成分，應用非謂語形式。lecture與cover是主動關(guān)系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選C項。

10.B  句意：他這么聰明，不可能犯如此愚蠢的錯誤。本題考查情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣。mustn’t have done“不可能做出”符合句意。Needn’t沒必要。Won’t將不會。Wouldn’t have done不會做出（暗示該行為已做出）。故選B項。

Part II  Reading Comprehension

11.B  結(jié)合后文80％的人都傾向于將半杯水看作半杯滿的而非半杯空的，可以判斷出“sanguine”為“樂觀的，充滿希望的”。故選B項。

12.A  由第二段最后一句可知，80％的人都傾向于看到事情好的一面，盡管其中很多人并不認為自己是樂觀的。所以A項“人們比他們想象得更加樂觀”符合題意。故選A項。

13.C  結(jié)合第四段的第二個句子可知，明明有清楚的證據(jù)表明情況不妙，但分析家還是高估了資產(chǎn)的正面走勢，所以導致了2008年的經(jīng)濟危機。C項“Misjudging the situation ”（誤判形勢）符合題意。故選C項。

14.D  作者在最后一段認為，盡管過于樂觀會有問題，但我們還是應該樂觀才對。D項“保持一個正面樂觀的態(tài)度”符合題意。故選D項。

15.C  第一段作者告訴我們什么是樂觀者，二、三段談到了樂觀的好處，四、五段談到了過于樂觀引發(fā)的問題，最后一段進行了總結(jié)。C項“both benefits and risks”涵蓋了文章的所有信息。故選C項。

16.C  由第一段的第一句可知，國際奧委會開始調(diào)查奧委會官員在50多個國家的黑市上倒賣奧運會門票的指控。C項 “非法出售門票”符合題意。故選C項。

17.B  由上下文語境，可以推測出“allegation”的含義是“指控；起訴”，B項claim（指控）意思最接近。故選B項。

18.B  由第一段中間部分可知，《星期日時報》報道了有關(guān)奧委會官員倒賣門票的細節(jié)。也就是說，這家報紙泄露了對奧運官員不利的證據(jù)。故選B項。

19.D  由第二段第一句可知，ABC三項都違反規(guī)定，只有D項沒有涉及，可推知“把票送給朋友”不違反規(guī)定。故選D項。

20.D  由最后一句可知，他到現(xiàn)在為止拒絕就此事發(fā)表評論。即他沒有回應。故選D項。

21.A  由第一段“Google has created an automated way to search for new employees”可知，A項正確，其中“find”是原文中“search”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。故選A項。

22.B  由第三段第二句可知，問卷信息將被谷歌公司的數(shù)字研究員研究，以計算出一個分數(shù)（to calculate a score），來衡量一個人適應公司多元的競爭文化的程度。故B項“summed up in a figure（總結(jié)為一個數(shù)字）”與之意思相符。故選B項。

23.A  由第四段第二句話可知，調(diào)研表是根據(jù)谷歌加利福尼亞硅谷公司總部每位雇員對300個問題所做的回答制定的。A項符合題意。B項關(guān)于背景的問題只是調(diào)研表的一部分內(nèi)容。C項中的“數(shù)學研究員”是對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)做分析。D項出現(xiàn)的人數(shù)只是每月在線申請工作的人數(shù)，均不正確。故選A項。

24.B  由于谷歌公司問卷的問題很多、涉及面很廣，我們可以推斷出調(diào)研表比較注重一個人多方面的綜合素質(zhì)。故選B項。

25.A  “casting a wide net”字面意思為“撒一張大網(wǎng)”，在文中指“在廣泛層面選擇能人”。故選A項。

26.B  由圖表可看出，2005至2009年間，9至12年級各年級的青少年中，吸煙者的比例逐年增加。B項“2005至2009年，9至12年級的青少年中吸煙者的比重增加”符合圖表大意。故選B項。

27.C  表中2005年由白色豎柱標注，觀察可得最高比例是11年級的31.6％。

28.D  先找9年級的豎柱，再找2009年對應的豎柱顏色，找出答案為33.4％。

29.A  在四年時間內(nèi)，9年級吸煙人數(shù)增加了10.2%，10年級增加了10.1%，其他兩個年級增加人數(shù)更低，因而9年級的增加比率最高。

30.A  從表格上不難看出，每個年級的抽煙人數(shù)都有增加。故選A項。

Part III  Cloze Test

31.B  結(jié)合下文“move information from their working memories into their long-term memories”可知，這里是說“information”在working memory里只能保存20秒。B項符合題意。material材料。knowledge知識。ability能力。故選B項。

32.C  “face the challenge”是固定搭配，意為“面臨挑戰(zhàn)”。C項符合題意。have擁有。take拿；取。hold持有。故選C項。

33.A  結(jié)合上下文，信息在短期記憶里儲存的時間只有20秒，為了不讓這信息從記憶中溜走，需要深入研究大腦的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)?！皊lip away”是固定搭配，意為“溜走；流失”。A項符合語境。turn away轉(zhuǎn)過臉去；拒絕。move away離開；搬到別處去。step away防守。故選A項。

34.D  結(jié)合上下文，在多次運用之后，短期記憶就能作為一種持久的神經(jīng)線路而穩(wěn)定下來，隨時準備被激活?！皉eady to be activated when…”意為“當……的時候立刻被激活”。D項符合題意。故選D項。

35.C  由于空格前面是實意動詞recall，空格處應為一個程度副詞，來修飾動詞recall。C項“well”符合語境。ABD三項都是時間副詞。usually通常。often時常。soon很快。故選C項。

36.C  此處意思為“正像鍛煉肌肉一樣，這些神經(jīng)（在反復被激活之后）就變得更加高效，更加容易被激活。”C項符合語境。故選C項。

37.A  “result in”是固定詞組，意為“導致，引起”。即“反復的訓練使得記憶神經(jīng)反復被激活?！惫蔬xA項。

38.D  分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的從句是復數(shù)名詞“hikers”的定語從句，所以引導詞應該是“who”。故選D項。

39.A  由“and”可知空格前后應為并列或承接關(guān)系。reinforced意為“加強”，則A項“stronger（更強大）”符合語境。故選A項。

40.A  上文講到記憶能自如地打開或關(guān)閉，則switch over（變換；轉(zhuǎn)換）符合語境，即記憶能在來自感官的多種線索中輕松自如地轉(zhuǎn)換。A項符合語境。switch back切換回。switch off關(guān)閉。switch on打開。故選A項。

Part IV  Dialogue Completion

41.A  結(jié)合語境，A方抱怨B方不接電話，B方應首先表示道歉，然后給出一個理由。A項符合語境。

42.B  A方說“我以為你要到六點半才下班呢”。B說“但是五點半就散會了也就讓我們走了”， 由“but”可知原本是六點半下班。B項“我本應該是的”符合語境。故選B項。

43.D  由A方鼓勵B方說“加油，我肯定你能考好”可知，B方對考試不自信。D項符合語境。

44.B  A方對方說“你戴著這個項鏈真好看”。B方應該表示感謝。B項“你真好”符合語境。故選B項。

45.B  A方說“這是他聽到的最酷的唱片了”，B方說“他要專注工作了”，可知B方讓A方將聲音調(diào)小。B項符合語境。Cut it short簡而言之。Turn it over翻身。Bring it up提起某事。故選B項。

46.C  A方提出求助“Can you give me a hand?”，B方應表明愿意或不愿意幫忙。C項“I’m all yours（悉聽尊便）”符合語境。The pleasure is mine認識您很榮幸。故選C項。

47.C  結(jié)合語境，A方要預訂房間，則B方很可能是前臺服務員，她接下來應該詢問預訂人的姓名。C項符合語境。故選C項。

48.D  B方說“是的，我想打聽一下如何裝一部電話”，由“Yes”可知，空格處應是一般疑問句，詢問能夠提供幫助。D項符合語境。故選D項。

49.A  由對話雙方身份（Shop assistant和Customer）可知，該對話發(fā)生在商場。售貨員向顧客推薦珠寶，如果顧客有興趣可以給他看。A項符合語境。故選A項。

50.B  A方問B方今天晚上看房子是否方便時，B方接受了這個時間約定。B項“That’s fine with me（這個時間我行）”符合語境。故選B項。