Chapter 1 圖表/圖片型作文

真題解讀

真題1（2015年6月卷二）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的開頭，你應簡要描述該圖片，然后評價這種現代生活方式，你需要有充分的論據來支持你的觀點。文章應保證至少120詞，但不得超過180詞。

范文

The picture illustrates1 that a man settles down his work on a computer. He also gets addicted to2 a computer at home and at play. Even sleeping, he dreams of sitting in front of a computer. We can find that the overuse of computers in modern life is an extremely serious social problem.

There are three causes why people overuse computers. First of all, computers have greatly promoted work efficiency3. Secondly, computers make our lives convenient, and nowadays we can do many things with it, such as shopping online, studying online4 and making money online. Finally, Internet can help us relax ourselves and escape from stress5. It offers lots of wonderful movies and music. In consequence, people of all ages might be hooked on6 computers.

As far as I am concerned, the overuse of computers may cause a series of negative7 effects. Addicted to the net, teenagers may tend to have a poor performance on their studies and suffer from poor eyesight. Hence, we had better use8 the computer properly.

譯文

圖中描述的是一位男士在用電腦工作。在家和玩樂時，他也迷戀于電腦。甚至在睡覺時，也會夢到自己坐在電腦前的畫面。我們可以看出，現代生活中人們過度使用電腦是個極其嚴重的社會問題。

人們過度使用電腦的原因有三個。首先，電腦極大地提升了我們的工作效率。其次，電腦讓我們的生活更方便，現在，我們可以借助電腦做許多事情，例如：網上購物、在線學習、網上賺錢。最后，網絡可以幫助我們放松，緩解壓力，可以為我們提供大量精彩的電影和音樂。因此，各個年齡段的人們都可能會沉迷于網絡。

我認為，電腦的過度使用會造成很多負面影響。沉迷于網絡，青少年會在學習中表現越來越差，還會影響視力。因此，我們最好能夠合理使用電腦。

萬能句型

1．the picture illustrates that a man settles down his work on a computer.（此句包含一個簡單的賓語從句，是圖片/圖表型作文中使用頻率最高的句型之一，通常用在文章開頭描述圖片內容。）

還有很多常用的亮點句型，可以為你的寫作加分，比如：

As is illustrated / demonstrated / shown in the picture...（正如圖片所示……）

We can see in the picture that...（我們可以在圖片中看到……）

The picture illustrates / demonstrates / shows that...（圖片顯示了……）

2．there are three causes why people overuse computers.（該句是“there be”句型，含一個由關系副詞why引導的定語從句。）

使文章結構清晰，可引領下文展開論述的亮點句型還有：

Several factors/reasons contribute to...（幾個因素/原因導致）

Several factors/reasons account for...（幾個因素/原因可解釋……的現象）

This kind of situation largely results from several facts that...（這種情況很大程度上是由于幾個事實造成的……）

3．as far as i am concerned, the overuse of computers may cause a series of negative effects.（該句用來陳述作者的觀點，表達簡練，常用于文章最后一段做總結陳述時的統領句。）

陳述觀點的表達還有：

In my opinion...（在我看來……）In my view...（我認為……）

From my perspective...（從我的角度來看……）

真題2（2015年6月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的開頭，你應簡要描述該圖片，然后討論孩子對上學學習的理解。你需要有充分的論據來支持你的觀點。文章字數至少120詞，但不得超過180詞。

范文

We can see in the picture that a young boy is asking his mother confusingly1, "Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? " apparently2, it is revealed3 in this picture that the mobile phone is having a big impact on education.

So, does it mean that we can use mobile phone to learn instead of having traditional class in school? From my perspective, the answer is no. first and foremost4, though we can obtain5information from mobile phones, it cannot replace education in school, the function of which is not merely spreading knowledge. Secondly, with the help of teachers, students can develop good study habits and improve their learning ability, which also has great significance6 for lifetime learning7. Last but not least, traditional class in school can help students develop their sociability8 and cooperative9 ability through the face-to-face10 communication with teachers and other students.

In short, we can draw a conclusion that the mobile phone is beneficial to information acquisition but traditional class still has an unshakable11 position for learning.

譯文

我們可以在圖片中看到一個小男孩困惑地問媽媽：“既然我的手機知道所有事情，為什么我還要去學校呢？”很顯然，圖片揭示了手機對教育正產生著巨大的影響。

那么，這是否就意味著我們可以用手機來代替去學校上傳統課程呢？我認為，答案該是否定的。首先，盡管我們可以通過手機獲取信息，手機仍然不能替代學校教育，因為學校教育并不只是傳播知識。其次，學生在老師的幫助下可以養成良好的學習習慣，提高學習能力，這對終身學習有著深遠影響。最后但同樣重要的是，學校里的傳統課程會通過和老師、同學進行面對面的溝通交流，來幫助學生培養社交能力和合作能力。

簡言之，我們可以得出一個結論：手機確實有助于獲取信息，但對于汲取知識而言，傳統課堂仍然具有不可動搖的地位。

萬能句型

1．apparently, it is revealed in this picture that the mobile phone is having a big impact on education.（該句中it作形式主語，而that引導的從句是真正的主語。使用形式主語可以避免句子結構頭重腳輕，更合乎英美人的表達習慣。）

當it作形式主語，真正的主語除了用that從句之外還可以用不定式或動名詞代替：

（1）It + be + a. + for sb + 不定式

It is necessary for the young to master more practical skills.

年輕人多掌握一些實用技能是很有必要的。

（2）It + be + a. / n. + 動名詞

It is a waste of time staying at home on such a good day.

這么好的天氣在家待著實在是浪費時間。

2．first and foremost, though we can obtain information from mobile phones, it cannot replace education in school...（該句用了邏輯連接詞first and foremost表示“首要的是”，使文章結構更加清晰明了。）

類似這樣的邏輯連接詞還有：

in the first place（第一，首先）in addition（另外）

furthermore（此外，而且）in the end（最后）

3．in short, we can draw a conclusion that the mobile phone is beneficial to information acquisition...（該句位于文章最后一段，用draw a conclusion可引出結論。）

類似這樣引出結論的表達還有：

come to a conclusion（得出結論）reach a decision（下結論）

pass an opinion（提出看法）

真題3（2015年6月卷三）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents' role in their children's growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的開頭，你應簡要描述該圖片，然后評價在孩子的成長中家長扮演的角色。文章字數至少120詞，但不得超過180詞。

范文

As is illustrated in the picture, a teenage girl merrily1 tells her mother that she has been accepted to the college her mother selected for her. It is revealed in the picture that parents have a great effect on children's decisions. Choosing a college, as is shown in the picture, is a typical2 example.

nevertheless3, in my view, though parents always want to create better conditions4 for their children, they cannot make all decisions for them. Respecting children's choice is the best way to love them. There are two reasons. Firstly, each person is an individual5 with his or her own personality6 so that children's choice may be different from that of their parents. Secondly, children are supposed to7 be responsible for their own future. Parents can give children advice but cannot make decisions for them. As the proverb goes, "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime."

In a word, parents should give children chances to make their own decisions and take responsibility for themselves.

譯文

如圖所示，一位少女高興地通知媽媽她已經被媽媽選的那所學校錄取了。圖片揭示了家長對于孩子的決定有非常大的影響。像圖中的那樣，選擇大學就是一個典型的例子。

然而，在我看來，盡管父母總是想給孩子創造更好的條件，但是他們也不能替孩子做所有的決定。尊重孩子的選擇是愛孩子的最佳方式。有兩個原因。第一，每個人都是一個個體，都有自己的個性，所以，孩子們的選擇和父母所做的選擇可能是不一樣的。第二，孩子們要為自己的未來負責任，家長可以給孩子建議，卻不能為他們做決定。俗話說得好，授人以魚不如授人以漁。

總而言之，家長應該讓孩子們自己做決定并對自己負責。

萬能句型

1．nevertheless, in my view, though parents always want to create better conditions for their children, they cannot make all decisions for them.（此句是第二段的第一句，起著承上啟下的作用，用來表達作者自己的觀點。）

在寫作中同樣可以用來承上啟下的句子還有以下幾種：

（1）Some people argue / claim / believe / hold that..., but others set forth a different argument about / opposite view on the matter.（一些人認為……，但其他人在這個問題上持不同的或相反的觀點。）

（2）Some people advocate / endorse / favor / are for..., yet others stick to / hold on to /cling to the opposite view / argument / point.（一些人贊成……，而其他人持有相反的觀點。）

（3）Although lots of people follow the fashion / trend, I still set my heart on...（盡管大多數人都跟著主流走，我還是堅持……）

2．there are two reasons.（該句用了there be句型用來陳述理由，使文章結構更加清晰明了。）在寫作中可以用來陳述理由的句型還有：

（1）The reasons for this are as follows.（理由如下：）

（2）The chief reason is that...（主要的原因是……）

（3）The reasons can be given as follows.（理由如下：）

3．as the proverb goes, "give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime."（該句引用了一句諺語作為論據。）

在此補充幾句常見的諺語供大家學習欣賞：

（1）Actions speak louder than words．事實勝于雄辯。

（2）In for a penny, in for a pound．一不做，二不休。

（3）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明小孩也變傻。

真題4（2013年12月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的開頭，你應簡要描述互聯網對人們交流方式的影響，并解釋網上交流是否可以代替面對面交流。文章字數至少120詞，但不得超過180詞。

范文

We can see from the picture that the parents and their child live together, but they use the internet to communicate with each other. With the development of the modern technology1, the mode of communication among people has been changed a lot. Lots of people choose the electronic2 communication, which has made people neglect3 the face-to-face contact.

So, does it mean that electronic communication can replace the face-to-face contact? In my mind, the answer is no. It seems that the online exchange could save time for people and they can contact4 friends whenever and wherever they are. However, in fact, people can be estranged5 and the efficiency6 of communication can be reduced through the online contact. Here is a common example. In the past, people working at the same office simply walk to others if they want to talk, while they prefer to send instant7messages nowadays. Words can hardly completely express what you think, hence, it may take much more time to convey your thoughts on the Internet than to have a face-to-face communication.

In conclusion, electronic communication does bring convenience to our life, whereas excessive reliance on it is likely to estrange people.

譯文

在圖片中，我們可以看到父母與孩子住在一起，但他們卻要用網絡與彼此交流。隨著現代科技的發展，人與人之間的交流模式也發生了很大變化。很多人選擇電子交流，這使得人們忽視了面對面的溝通。

那么，這是不是意味著，電子交流可以取代面對面的溝通？依我看來，答案是否定的。看起來，在線交流可以給人們節約時間，他們可以隨時隨地和朋友聯系。但是事實上，通過這種在線溝通，人們可能會疏遠起來，交流的效率也會降低。有個常見的例子。過去一個辦公室的人想和別人談話的時候直接走過去就行了，而如今，人們寧愿發即時信息。由于文字不能完全地表達出你心里所想，于是通過網絡傳達想法，要比面對面的交流花費更多的時間。

總之，電子交流確實給我們的生活帶來了便利，然而過多的依賴它反而有可能疏遠人們之間的關系。

萬能句型

1．Lots of people choose the electronic communication, which has made people neglect the face-to-face contact.（which引導了一個非限定性定語從句，先行詞是逗號前的整個句子。）

在此我們簡要介紹一下非限定性定語從句和限定性定語從句的區別：

（1）形式上

限定性定語從句不用逗號和主句隔開；而非限定性定語從句要用逗號和主句隔開。

（2）譯法上

限定性定語從句通常譯為先行詞的定語，即“……的”；而非限定性定語從句通常譯為主句的并列句。

（3）關系詞上

that不能用在非限定性定語從句中，取而代之可以用as / which; as / which可以在從句中作主語，修飾之前整個主句。

2．...while they prefer to send instant messages nowadays.（該句用while表示轉折，也含有一層對比的含義，后面用prefer to do結構來表示“寧愿做……”，可以體現你的英語語法功底。）

類似表達還有：

（1）would rather do...than do...

She would rather do it herself than rely on others．她寧愿自己做也絕不依賴別人。

（2）prefer doing to doing

He prefer playing football to playing basketball．比起打籃球，他更喜歡踢足球。

（3）would like to do...rather than do...

The family would like to go to south for a holiday rather than stay at home all winter.

這家人寧愿去南方度假也不愿意整個冬天都待在家里。

3．...electronic communication does bring convenience to our life, whereas excessive reliance on it is likely to estrange people.（該句為文章最后一段的總結句，前半句用助動詞does加強語氣；后半句是連詞whereas引導的與主句意思形成對比的狀語從句。）

與助動詞表示加強語氣有相同作用的詞組還有以下幾種常見類型：

（1）at all用于疑問句中，主要用來加強疑問的語氣，表示“到底，究竟，難道不”；用于否定句中，not...at all表示“根本不，一點也不”。

What did our professor say at all？教授到底說了些什么？

（2）in the world可以表示“到底，究竟”，通常用于疑問句中。

How could they two break up in the world？他們兩個到底是怎么分手的？

（3）on earth表示“到底，究竟”，通常用于疑問句中。

How on earth did she persuade you to work in her company?

她到底是怎么說服你到她的公司上班的？

真題5（2013年12月卷二）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the internet on learning and then explain why education doesn't simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的開頭，你應概述互聯網對學習的影響，并解釋為什么教育不僅僅意味著獲取信息。文章字數至少120詞，但不得超過180詞。

范文

In the picture, a pupil who is holding a smart-phone asks his teacher confusingly whether he will need any other education if he masters1 how to use Google. It reveals a common trend that people get education on the Internet nowadays.

However, it is not the only function2 of education to simply obtain information even though the Internet has an important influence on learning. There are two reasons given as follows. First of all, besides obtaining information, there are many other purposes of education such as developing students' learning ability. Students' skills of acquiring messages being over emphasized3, they will not get the integrated4 development. Secondly, it isn't very helpful for students to obtain information through the Internet because not the passive5 acceptance6 but the creative thinking is crucial7 to education.

In conclusion, the young people should be aware that obtaining knowledge only by the Internet is not enough for education. Only by grasping independent thinking and innovation abilities can education be completely fulfilled in practice.

譯文

在上圖中，一名小學生手里拿著智能手機，困惑地問老師，如果掌握了使用谷歌的技巧，是不是就不需要接受其他的教育了。這幅圖揭示了當前人們通過互聯網來獲得教育的一個常見趨勢。

然而，雖然互聯網對學習有著重要的影響，僅僅是獲得信息并不是教育的唯一功能。有如下兩個原因。首先，除了獲取信息之外，教育還有很多其他的目的，比如說培養學生的學習能力。如果過于重視學生獲取信息的能力，他們就不會得到全面的發展。其次，對學生來說通過互聯網獲取信息并沒有太大的幫助，因為對教育而言，最重要的是創造性思維，而不是被動接受。

總而言之，年輕人應該明白，對教育而言，只是通過互聯網來獲取信息是不夠的。只有掌握了獨立思考與創新的技能才能在實踐中完全實現教育的意義。

萬能句型

1．...a pupil who is holding a smart-phone asks his teacher confusingly whether he will need any other education if he masters how to use google.（該句子的主句中包含一個由關系詞who引導的定語從句，從句是由whether引導的賓語從句，表示“是否……”，其中又包含一個由if引導的條件狀語從句。）

whether和if在一般情況下可以互換，但是有些情況則需要區分：

（1）whether引導的賓語從句可以和or not連用，而if通常不能。

Just tell me whether you will quit the job or not．你只要告訴我你會不會辭職就可以了。

（2）若賓語從句位于句首時，只能用whether不能用if。

Whether he will attend the meeting, I don't know．他是否會參加會議我不知道。

（3）whether可以引導不定式，而if不能。

I'm not sure whether to marry him．我不確定是否要嫁給他。

（4）whether引導的賓語從句可以位于介詞之后，而if不能。

It depends on whether it is good weather tomorrow．這取決于明天是不是好天氣。

2．...besides obtaining information, there are many other purposes of education such as developing students' learning ability.（該句中besides引導的介詞短語作插入語，后面則用there be句型來表示客觀存在。）

表示“除了”的單詞有besides, except, except for。這三種表達的區別如下：

（1）except和besides的區別：except加賓語作介詞“除……之外”時常表示從整體中剔除一部分；而besides作“除……之外”時則表示“另外附加的”。

He did nothing except did his homework yesterday.

他昨天除了做作業之外什么都沒做。

We need 4 people to finish the cleaning besides us two.

除了我們倆我們還需要四個人來完成清掃工作。

（2）except和except for的區別：except后排除的內容與主語往往是同一類的，而except for后所排除的內容與主語往往不是同一類的。

All the buildings are excellent except that one.

所有的大樓都很棒，除了那一棟。

All the buildings are excellent except for their location.

除了位置不好，這些大樓都很棒。

3．students' skills of acquiring messages being over emphasized, they will not get the integrated development.（該句前半部分是“名詞+過去分詞”組成的獨立主格結構，相當于一個狀況從句，表示條件、時間。原因或伴隨狀況等）

獨立主格結構的基本構成主要有：

（1）名詞/代詞+現在分詞（表示條件）

Time permitting, I will go to visit the Great Wall with you.

時間允許的話，我會跟你一起去參觀長城。

（2）名詞/代詞+過去分詞（表示時間成）

Tasks finished, she stayed at home and watched a movie.

任務完成了，她待在家里看了場電影。

（3）名詞/代詞+不定式（表示原因）

Many housework to be done, she immediately went home after work.

有許多家務要做，她下班后就立刻回家了。