- 南潯(江南古鎮)
- 阮儀三
- 1257字
- 2019-11-26 15:17:11
概況
江南水鄉主要是指長江下游南面的蘇南、浙北一帶地區。這里土地肥沃、氣候溫和、物產豐富,自古就有先民在此聚居,千百年來,逐漸形成了許多村落和鄉鎮。這些鄉鎮依河而建,因水成街,因水成市,形成了精巧獨特的建筑布局,鎮上粉墻黛瓦,小橋流水,老街深巷,洋溢著濃郁的江南鄉土氣息,構成了一種獨特的地域文化景觀。因地理人文環境的差異,各鎮又各有自己的特色。20世紀80年代以來,中國農村經濟迅速發展,大多數歷史古鎮經歷了現代建設的改造,基本失掉了原來的風貌。值得慶幸的是,浙江省的烏鎮、南潯、西塘和江蘇省的周莊、同里、甪直等古鎮得到了及時的保護。近年來,這些古鎮又在專家的指導下進行了合理的整治,較完整地保存了原汁原味的歷史風貌,成為人類珍貴的文化遺產。
南潯,屬浙江省湖州市,地處太湖南岸,與蘇南吳江緊鄰。南潯自古就是“江浙雄鎮”,南宋時已“耕桑之富,甲于浙右”,明清時更是趨于興盛,近代以來成為中國重要的蠶絲產銷地,涌現了中國近代史上最大的絲商群體,對江南乃至全國的社會經濟產生了巨大的影響。
一條市河穿鎮而過,古老的拱橋,整齊的駁岸,綠柳迎風,街河映波,夾河的小街,依水的民居……最有風情的是鎮東的百間樓,這是明代董份的家眷住處,沿河百十間民居臨水而筑,順河彎曲,一道道聳起的山墻,一重重圓拱的過街券門,一排排沿河的排柱廊檐,一座座河埠石階,灰屋頂、白粉墻、木門扇,倒映在水波之中,是一幅精致的水上人家畫卷。
南潯不單外美,而且內秀,歷來崇文重教。這里出了不少名人雅士,曾有“九里三閣老,十里兩尚書”之諺。這里還多藏書家,辟室藏書各有專名,其中聚書最多者為“嘉業堂”,一直保存至今,其中藏有許多珍貴書籍和木刻書版。南潯的不少名宅大院建筑氣勢宏偉、中西合璧、裝飾精良,世所罕見。

南潯的夜晚,格外生動(馬俊 攝)
南潯還是個園林之鎮,清代最盛時有園林26座之多,冠蓋全國,現尚存有小蓮莊、穎園等,基本保持原貌。
主要景點:百間樓、小蓮莊、穎園、張石銘宅、張靜江宅、嘉業堂藏書樓、求恕里、劉氏梯號、古石橋。
The Canal Towns in Jiangnan Area mainly refer to the old towns which lie at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the south of Jiangsu Province and north of Zhejiang Province, and endowed with fertile land,mild climate and rich produce, this area was inhabited by primitive people many thousand years ago. Natural villages and towns have formed along small rivers, comprising exquisitely unique architectural layout. The towns feature white walls and dark tiles, small bridges and streams, old streets and long lanes. Local color constitutes a unique regional cultural landscape. These towns vary in style due to different geographic and cultural environments. Since 1980s, most of the ancient towns have been modernized with the takeoff of China’s rural economy, losing the original framework. Fortunately, Nanxun, Wuzhen and Xitang in Zhejiang Province and Zhouzhuang, Tongli and Luzhi in Jiangsu Province have been timely preserved. In recent years, these old towns have been renovated under the guidance of experts. With original historic features, they are becoming the common heritage of our human race.
Nanxun is situated to the south of Taihu Lake in Zhejiang, bordering on Jiangsu Province. It has been well known since a thousand years ago for its farming and especially unique silk farming, and became a major producer and trading port of silk in modern times. It hosted the largest community of silk traders in Chinese history, exerting tremendous influence on China’s socioeconomic development.
A river running cross this town, ancient arch bridges, well-aligned banks,green willows, narrow streets and riverside homes... The most interesting is the Hundred-Room Residence in the east, which was the home of Mr. Dong’s family in the Ming Dynasty, with high walls and repeated archways, eaves and steps, built along the meandering river. What a fine picture of water home with roofs, walls and wooden doors mirrored in the river.
Nanxun is not only beautiful, but also elegant, since it emphasized education all these years in its history, and the town saw many famous scholars and high officials. There were also distinguished libraries, notably Jiaye Library with its huge collection. Even today, we can still see many rare books and woodcut stereotypes. Nanxun also boasts many gardens,including Little Lotus Villa, Ying Garden kept in their original layout, and famous mansions exguisitely integrating Chinese and western architecture.
Major places of interest: Hundred-Room Residence, Little Lotus Villa,Ying Garden, Home of Zhang Shiming, Home of Zhang Jingjiang, Jiaye Library, Qiushuli Place, Home of Liu Tiqing and Ancient Stone Bridges.