1.17 [17] 景公登牛山悲去國而死晏子諫

齊景公登上牛山感慨棄國而死的悲傷，晏子進(jìn)諫

【原文】

景公游于牛山，北臨其國城而流涕曰：“若何滂滂去此而死乎？”艾孔、梁丘據(jù)皆從而泣。晏子獨(dú)笑于旁，公刷涕而顧晏子曰：“寡人今日游悲，孔與據(jù)皆從寡人而涕泣，子之獨(dú)笑，何也？”晏子對(duì)曰：“使賢者常守之，則太公、桓公將常守之矣；使勇者常守之，則莊公、靈公將常守之矣。數(shù)君者將守之，則吾君安得此位而立焉？以其迭處之，迭去之，至于君也，而獨(dú)為之流涕，是不仁也。不仁之君見一，（謟）〔諂〕諛之臣見二，此臣之所以獨(dú)竊笑也。”

【今譯】

齊景公到牛山巡游，向北望著齊國的都城流著眼淚說：“怎么舍得離開這泱泱大國而死去呢？”艾孔、梁丘據(jù)都跟著哭了起來。晏子在一旁獨(dú)自發(fā)笑，景公擦干眼淚看著晏子說：“我今天（在這里）巡游感覺很悲傷，艾孔和梁丘據(jù)都跟著我流眼淚，只有您獨(dú)自發(fā)笑，這是為什么？”晏子說：“假如賢明的國君能夠常守國君之位，那么太公、桓公就將常守國君之位了。假如英勇的國君能夠常守國君之位，那么莊公、靈公就將常守君位了。假如這幾位國君能夠常守君位，那么您怎么能得到這個(gè)位置呢？正因?yàn)閲徊粩啵ㄓ腥耍┑玫剑粩啵ㄓ腥耍┦ィ@才輪到您啊，您卻偏偏為此而流淚，這是不夠仁義啊。我見到了一個(gè)不仁義的國君和兩個(gè)諂媚阿諛的臣子，這就是我暗自發(fā)笑的原因。”

Duke Jing went on a pleasure excursion to Mount Niu. He looked northward toward his capital city and burst into copious tears,said: “What can be said of the flood of those who departed this city and died?”

Ai Kong^[3] and Liangqiu Ju both followed him and wept. Only Yanzi stood at the Duke’s side and laughed.

The Duke wiped his tears away,looked at Yanzi and said: “My touring today was marked by sadness. Kong and Ju both followed me and wept; you alone laughed. Why?”

Yanzi replied: “If the worthy could retain the state forever,then Duke Tai^[4] and Duke Huan would have retained it forever. If the courageous could retain the state forever,then Duke Zhuang and Duke Ling would have retained it forever. Yet if these few rulers had retained it,how could you,my Lord,have assumed this position and ascended to the throne? Because of a string of men who occupied the throne and lost it,the position has come down to you,my Lord,and you are the only one who burst into tears over this. This show s a lack of feeling—I saw one ruler who was lack of feeling and two flattering ministers. This is why I alone ventured to laugh.”

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注釋

[1]Mount Niu 牛山,is situated approximately 21 li 里 south of Linzi 臨淄,the capital of Qi.

[2]Item 1.17 [17] ? Liezi 列子,6/37/17.

[3]An unidentified figure.

[4]Duke Tai’s name w as Lü Shang 呂尚. He w as an advisor of K ing Wu 武王 (1169–1116 BCE),who enfeoffed him w ith the state of Qi. He then reigned there between 1122–1078 BCE.