1.13 [13] 景公怒封人（祝之）〔之?！巢贿d晏子諫

齊景公因典守封疆的官員祝詞出言不遜而發怒，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公游于麥丘，問其封人曰：“年幾何矣？”對曰：“鄙人之年八十五矣?！惫唬骸皦墼?！子其祝我?！狈馊嗽唬骸笆咕觊L于胡，宜國家。”公曰：“善哉！子其復之。”〔封人〕曰：“使君之嗣壽皆若鄙（臣）〔人〕之年?！惫唬骸吧圃?！子其復之?！狈馊嗽唬骸笆咕裏o得罪于民。”公曰：“誠有鄙民得罪于君則可，安有君得罪于民者乎？”晏子諫曰：“君過矣！彼疏者有罪，戚者治之；賤者有罪，貴者治之；君得罪于民，誰將治之？敢問：桀、紂，君誅乎？民誅乎？”公曰：“寡人固也。”于是賜封人麥丘以為邑。

【今譯】

齊景公到麥丘巡游，問當地典守封疆的官員說：“您多大年紀啦？”官員回答說：“我八十五歲了?！本肮f：“您高壽啊！請您為我祈禱吧?！惫賳T說：“祝愿您比胡公還要長壽，以利于國家。”景公說：“說得好！請您再次為我祈禱吧。”官員說：“祝愿您的子孫都能像我一樣長壽?！本肮f：“說得好！請您接著說?！惫賳T說：“祝愿您不要得罪百姓?！本肮f：“只有百姓得罪國君才對，哪有國君得罪百姓的呢？”晏子進諫說：“國君您說錯了！那些國君疏遠的人犯了罪過，親近的大臣會懲治他們；地位低的人犯了錯誤，地位高的人會懲治他們；國君得罪了百姓，誰來懲治他呢？請問：夏桀、商紂這樣的國君，是被國君誅滅了呢？還是被百姓誅滅了呢？”景公說：“是我孤陋寡聞了?！庇谑前邀溓鹳n給這位典守封疆的官員作食邑。

Duke Jing went on a pleasure excursion to Maiqiu^[2] and asked a villager:^[3] “How old are you?”

He answered: “Your humble servant is eighty-five.”

The Duke said: “O,what a long life. Would you bless me?”

The villager said: “May your years increase to a long life that w ill be good for the state,my Lord.”^[4]

The Duke said: “Excellent. Would you bless me again?”

The villager said: “May your descendants,my Lord,all live as many years as your humble servant lived.”

The Duke said: “Excellent. Would you bless me again?”

The villager said: “May you,my Lord,not offend the people.”

The Duke said: “I grant you that there have been cases where people of low status have offended the ruler. But how can there be a case of a ruler offending the people?”

Yanzi remonstrated: “You are w rong,my Lord. When those who are distant from the ruler commit an offense,they are punished by those who are close to the ruler. When the low ly people comm it an offense,the noble punish them. When a ruler offends the people,who w ill punish him? I presume to ask: Were Jie and Zhou executed by rulers or by the people?”

The Duke said: “I have been obstinate.” Thereupon,he granted the city of Maiqiu as a fiefdom to the villager.

---

注釋

[1]Item 1.13 [13] ? Hanshi waizhuan,10.1/71/; Xinxu,4.18/21/20.

[2]M aiqiu 麥丘 is located in present Shandong province in Shanghe district. On the historical maps of China it appears only from the Warring States period (480–221) onwards. It did not exist in the Chunqiu period (722–480). This is the first of several occurrences of the author’s artificial topography,which suggests a later provenance for these traditions.

[3]封→邦 (JS,49/3).

[4]JS,49/7,suggests that hu 胡 denotes here Duke Hu 胡 公,w ho reigned in Qi between 893–860. In that case,the sentence would translate: “May you,my Lord,live longer than Duke Hu.”