第二節 技巧指南

為了幫助考生進一步明確所要考查的目標，對聽力內容充分分析、概括、總結，并做出正確的推理、判斷，最后得出答案，下面分別講解四種類型考題的特點及解題技巧。

短對話

1.試題特點

（1）注重考查邏輯思維

在全國大學生英語競賽聽力對話部分中，能夠從對話原文中直接找到答案的題目所占比重較小，而那些要求參賽學生對對話內容進行深刻的邏輯思維，從而判斷出對話人的意圖、態度或意見要求的題所占比重較大。

（2）對話內容涉及面廣

無論是長對話還是短對話，話題基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活為主。

（3）對話的方式多為一問一答

在短對話聽力測試中，對話的方式多為問答式，首先由第一個人提出一個問題，再由第二個人予以回答?；蛘哂傻谝粋€人陳述一個觀點，第二個人表示附和或反對。問答的回合數一般不會超過三個。

2.解題攻略

短對話作為聽力理解部分中較為簡單的一類題型，有其特定的解題技巧。

（1）提前快速瀏覽題目及選項，把握聽音重點

考生應充分利用試卷發下到Directions播完的這段時間，迅速瀏覽試卷上這部分所給的選項，這樣在聽的時候就能有的放矢地捕捉關鍵信息，弄清對話環境和意圖，最后排除各干擾項，做出正確選擇。

例1 2014年A類決賽

How has the company been affected by the change?

A.Lots of its factories have stopped running.

B.Many workers have been forced to retire early.

C.It is going to close down soon.

D.Very few workers will be forced to resign.

【聽音重點】

題干問公司由于變化受到了什么影響，根據選項中出現的關鍵詞factories，workers，close down，可以猜出公司由于變化出現了危機，要么是在工廠運行方面的，要么是在員工方面的，并且注意B、D選項均是根據workers設置的選項，注意二者的區分。聽錄音時應重點注意關于factories，company和workers的描述。

【錄音原文】

W：How has the takeover affected the company?

M：A plant in Manila and another in Dubai will be closed down.About300people are going to lose their jobs.But most of them will be offered jobs in other plants and quite afew want to take early retirement.

W：So there are no compulsory redundancies?

M：Very few.

例2 2012年A類初賽

Why is the woman in agood mood?

A.The copier worked and she got the copies.

B.She kicked the copier and now feels better.

C.She had the copier fixed in time.

【聽音重點】

由題干中的woman以及選項中的copier，可知女士心情好是和copier有關，因此在聽音時要注意女士是如何表述和copier相關的內容的。

【錄音原文】

W：This stupid thing keeps getting jammed.I can't get it to make any copies.

M：So it makes sense you're in such agood humor.

W：I gave it agood kick and feel better.

（2）注意捕捉說話人的弦外之音

對話部分有很多問題都不是針對講話人的字面意思發問的，考生必須體會到講話人的言外之意，才能推斷出正確選項。

例1 2007年A類初賽

A.Excited.

B.Annoyed.

C.Worried.

【錄音原文】

A：Look，it's already8o'clock，and Tom said he'd be here by7.

B：Yes，but you know what the traffic is like at this time of the day.

A：He said he'd make aspecial effort not to be late.Why does he always do this?

B：Take it easy.There's probably areasonable explanation.

A：You mean he'll give us one of his typical excuses?Well，I've had enough of it already.

Q：How does the woman feel about Tom's being late?

【解析】根據錄音中的關鍵詞“always”及“had enough of”，可推測出女士對于Tom遲到這件事很生氣。

（3）熟練掌握有關日常生活等方面的詞語、習語、句型等

熟悉日常生活中常用的詞匯、短語、習語、句型，能使考生聽到相關對話時迅速做出反應，提高答題效率和正確率。

例 2012年A類決賽

How often does the man play cricket?

A.Seldom.B.Frequently.C.Never.

【錄音原文】

M：I got abackache from playing cricket.

W：I didn't know you played cricket.

M：Well，once in ablue moon.

【解析】在回答這個問題時，男士說到once in ablue moon（極為罕見，千載難逢），可知他很少玩板球。如果知道這個習語，就不難選出正確答案。

3.題型分析

聽力短對話試題類型多樣，這里主要介紹常涉及的七種題型及針對各題型的答題技巧。

（1）地點與方向（Location and Direction）

地點與方向類試題在對話中經常出現。這類題目根據對話內容，就有關地點提問，要求考生從給出的選項中選出正確答案。這些地點包括對話進行的地點、對話涉及的事件的地點、涉及的人物的地點或人物來自哪里及要去的地點。

考題類型

①直接型。地點在對話中會直接出現，但提到的地點通常不止一個，考生需要對其進行辨認、選擇。A類比賽中直接型出題比較少。

例 2008年A類樣題

A.At abank.B.At adepartment store.C.At alawyer's office.

【錄音原文】

W：I just stopped by at your office in the bank.They told me that you had quit.Where are you working now?

M：I am working for alawyer now.The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.

Q：Where did the man work before?

【解析】從第一句I just stopped by at your office in the bank可知男士曾在銀行工作過。

②間接型。沒有直接提到地點或方向，要求考生根據對話的主題和內容進行推理判斷。A類比賽的出題多為間接型。

例1 2013年A類初賽

Where does the dialogue probably take place?

A.On atrain.B.In arestaurant.C.In agym.

【錄音原文】

M：Can Ihelp you?

W：Oh，thank you.Would you mind putting my case on the rack?

M：Not at all.There you are.

【解析】錄音中女士問男士“能幫你什么忙嗎？”，男士回答說“Would you mind putting my case on the rack?”(你介意幫我把箱子放在行李架上嗎？)，由此可推測出這個對話發生在火車上。

例2 2013年A類決賽

Where does this conversation probably take place?

A.In aswimming pool.

B.In abank.

C.On aplane.

【錄音原文】

M：This is your passbook.The interest rate will automatically adjust depending on how much you have in the account.

W：Oh，that's good.There's something else.I'd like to apply for amortgage，please.

M：Certainly，I'll make you an appointment with our mortgage adviser.

【解析】根據錄音中的關鍵詞和短語passbook(存折)、interest rate(利率)、account(賬戶)和apply for amortgage(申請住房貸款)等，可推測對話的發生地點為銀行，故答案選B。

答題技巧

對于直接型考題，考生應先看題目，確定題目所問的對象是男士還是女士，然后再針對對話中的地點進行辨認、選擇。

對于間接型考題，考生則應特別注意對話的主題，如在學校時，話題常圍繞學習。這類考題所涉及的場所通常有：學校、郵局、圖書館、商店、醫院、餐館、機場、車站、銀行等?？忌⒁馀c這些特定場所有關的詞語。

常考場景相關詞匯

（2）時間與數字（Time and Numeral）

時間與數字類的題目包括直接型和隱含型。

考題類型

①直接型。該類考題不需要計算，答案直接出現在對話的多個數字中，要求考生根據題目從所給選項中直接辨認出答案。主要考查考生對數字的辨認及記憶能力。A類競賽中直接型的題目比較少。

例 2007年A類初賽

A.￡78.

B.￡39.

C.￡36.

【錄音原文】

A：Good morning.Do you have any tickets left for this evening's performance?

B：Let me just have alook.Well，there're afew seats left in the front stalls.How many tickets do you want?

A：Just two.

B：Yes，I can give you two in the third row.They are39pounds each.

A：39pounds!I see.All right，I'll take them.

B：That's78pounds altogether.You can come to pick them up by6：30.

Q：What's the total cost of the tickets?

【解析】錄音中提到要買2張票，而每張票39pounds，總共78pounds。

②隱含型。選項中的時間或數字不會直接出現在對話里，有時需進行簡單的計算。

例 2013年A類初賽

How much did Google approximately earn in the same period last year?

A.$2bn.

B.$2.2bn.

C.$2.5bn.

【錄音原文】

Google had intended to release its earnings report after the close of trading，but the report was put out early by mistake.It showed that Google's earnings fell by around20%in the third-quarter when compared to the same period ayear ago，to just over$2bn.Google's share price immediately began to fall until trading was halted.Analysts said that the cost related to the acquisition of Motorola and the strong dollar had contributed to the fall in earnings.

【解析】這則新聞是講Google因為差錯提前發布了它的收益報告表。其中顯示Google第三個季度的收益下降到剛過20億美元，與去年同期相比下降了20%左右，由此可知去年同期Google的收益為超過$2bn×（1+20%）=$2.4bn，即接近$2.5bn。

答題技巧

對于直接型考題，考生需要根據題目和對話內容在給出的選項數字中進行選擇，因此考生可以在聽力開始前利用短暫的間隙瀏覽題目，查看題目所提問的對象，之后在聽對話內容時將該對象所對應的數字記錄下來。

對于隱含型考題，該類考題的答案有時需要進行簡單的計算，如將數字進行加減等。這要求考生在聽對話時將對話中出現的所有數字和其對應的對象記下來，以便根據題目中要求回答的對象進行計算。

①對于時間題，要注意以下幾點：

a.時間、日期和年代的讀法

“-teen”和“-ty”是眾多考生容易混淆的，應該注意區分。主要區別為：第一，重音不同。前者重音在詞末，而后者重音在詞首。第二，是否有鼻音。結尾發音有鼻音/n/的單詞為“-teen”。如：fourteen和forty，thirteen和thirty等。

b.時間

5：12five twelve/twelve past five

7：15seven fifteen/a quarter past seven(after seven)

8：45eight forty-five/a quarter to nine

11：50eleven fifty/ten to twelve

2：00pm/14：00two pm/fourteen hundred hours

12：00twelve/noon/midday

24：00midnight

c.日期與年代

3月15日March15th/the15th of March

每隔一天（每兩天）every other day/every two days

幾天前the other day/a few days ago

兩星期fortnight/period of two weeks

20世紀the twentieth century

19世紀40年代in the eighteen forties

公元前450年（450BC）four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC

②對于數字題，要注意以下表達方式（相同意義的不同表達）：

a.多位數的表達

10ten/a decade

12twelve/a dozen

1960nineteen sixty

1900nineteen hundred

b.分數與小數

分數：分子用基數表示，分母用序數表示

1/2(0.5)one half(zero point five)

1/4(0.25)one fourth/a quarter(zero point twenty five)

c.號碼、貨幣

電話號碼按位數逐個讀出來：87316789

房間號碼、郵政編碼、街道等：180one-eighty/one-eight-zero

注意數量單位與單位基數的不同。如：a penny=one cent，a nickel=five cents，a quarter=twenty-five cents，a half dollar=fifty cents。

③注意數字換算。

掌握聽力課堂中所列的與數字相關的表達方式。由于每個對話間隔的時間短，既要回憶對話內容，又要閱讀選擇項，還要進行計算，因此熟練掌握換算進率是十分必要的。

星期、日期、時、分的換算進率分別為7、30/31、24、60等。

A quarter指時間是15分鐘，指月份是一季度（三個月），指百分比為25%。

（3）身份與關系（Identity and Relationship）

對話中身份與關系類題是指根據對話內容就與對話有關人物的職業、身份或人物之間的關系提問，要求參賽學生從所給選項中選出一個正確答案的題型。

該類考題包括考查職業身份和考查二者關系兩種，其提問角度主要有以下四種：

1）就對話人某一方的職業身份提問。

What is the woman's job?

2）就對話人之間的關系提問。

What's the relationship between the man and the woman?

3）就對話中涉及的第三者的職業、身份提問。

What do you think is Mary's profession?

4）就對話中涉及的第三者與第四者之間的關系提問。

What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?

考題類型

①考查職業身份

這類題涉及的職業主要有教師、學生、圖書管理員、醫生/牙醫、營業員、服務員、修理工、家庭主婦等。

例1 2014年A類樣題

What does Peter do?

A.A student.

B.A teacher.

C.A headmaster.

D.An assistant.

【錄音原文】

W：Peter，I've got your letter here requesting leave.

M：Yes，I'm still owed two and ahalf days and I've got an exam next week Imust prepare for.

W：You can't just take leave whenever you want it.You know we're very busy next week and we'll need you to teach.

【解析】題目問的是：Peter是做什么的？錄音中聽到女士在看到男士的假條后說“You can't just take leave whenever you want it.You know we're very busy next week and we'll need you to teach.”，由teach一詞可推出Peter應該是老師。

②考查二者之間關系

這類題涉及的二者關系主要有：教師與學生、醫生與病人、丈夫與妻子、借書者與館員、旅客與服務員、老板與雇員、修理工與顧客等。

例 2008年A類樣題

A.Policeman and driver.

B.Teacher and pupil.

C.Driver and actress.

【錄音原文】

M：Why didn't you stop when we first signaled?

W：I'm sorry.Will Ihave to pay afine?

Q：What's the probable relationship between the man and woman?

【解析】從stop，first signaled以及pay afine等關鍵詞，可知兩人是警察與司機的關系。

答題技巧

①如選項為關于職業、身份及關系方面的詞匯，可斷定該題屬于身份與關系類對話。

②對話中一般不會直接提及人物的身份與關系，需要通過對話中的預期及關鍵詞來進行判斷。因此，考生應該掌握與特定語言環境及表示人物身份職業相關的詞匯，并在做題時注意捕捉與人物職業身份相關的關鍵詞。

③應該注意對話人的語氣。不同關系的人物對話，其語氣特征會比較明顯。如夫妻、戀人之間常用比較親昵的語氣；同學、朋友之間常用比較隨意的語氣；而下屬對老板則常用比較恭敬的語氣。注意體會說話者的口氣、語調及所用的稱呼，這將有助于判斷對話者之間的關系。如：

Dr.是學生對老師或病人對醫生的稱呼；

Mr.，Mrs.反映下級對上級或學生對老師的稱呼；

Prof.用于對教授的稱呼；

Darling用于夫妻之間。

?？忌矸菖c關系相關詞匯

（4）態度與建議（Attitude and Suggestion）

考生需根據對話內容的關鍵詞、上下文甚至語氣、語調的內涵意義并利用邏輯思維能力進行判斷，找出對話中人物對某事件或某人的觀點態度。

常見的提問方式：

How does the man/woman feel about?

What does the man/woman think of...?

What does the man/woman mean?

What does the man/woman say about...?

例1 2012年A類決賽

What does the man think of David?

A.He thinks David is the best candidate.

B.He doesn't think David has astrong personality.

C.He doesn't think David is ideal for the project.

【錄音原文】

M：David is of asimilar age to the other contestants.He's an unemployed musician,he likes discussions and he's got something different to offer.

W：So do you think he'll fit in the project?

M：Well,I doubt whether we want people with too strong personalities.

【解析】在回答David是否適合這項任務時，男士提到I doubt whether we want people with too strong personalities可知，他認為David個性太強，所以并不是合適的人選。故選C。

例2 2007年A類初賽

A.It will be fine.

B.It will be too long.

C.It will be boring.

【錄音原文】

A：I must admit that I'm not really looking forward to it.

B：No?

A：Well,I've been to their parties before,and Idon't suppose this one will be any better.All the same people are going on and on about their jobs.

B：Aha.

A：They all think they are so important.Honestly,I just can't be bothered with them.I never know what to say.Still I've been invited,so Isuppose I'd better go.

B：Eh.

Q：What does the man think the party will be like?

【解析】由第一句話可知他并不期待這次聚會，因為聚會上的人對他們的工作談論不休，并自以為是，男士在這樣的聚會上無話可說，所以他認為這次聚會將很無聊。

答題技巧

①答案通常與后者的話有關，選項中有關第一說話人的話通常不是正確答案。

第一人態度為肯定時，第二人的回答有：

支持：yes,sure,of course,that's agood idea,out of question...

反對：no,not really,not likely,not at all,no way,out of the question...

第一人態度為否定時，第二人的回答有：

支持：no,of course not,you don't

反對：yes,of course,you do

②看清問題，找準聽音重點。

觀點態度類試題主要是判斷對話中說話人對所談及的事或人所持的觀點及態度?？忌鲞@類試題時要注意理解對話中的大意，并且還要注意問題中考查的是男士還是女士的觀點，以免判斷錯誤。

③這里要注意幾種關于態度的表達方式：

a.雙重否定表肯定

not impossible,can't agree...any more,not unusual等。

b.部分否定

not all...（或：all...not）,not every（或：every...not）,not always等。

c.虛擬語氣表假設，非真實情況

If it weren't for...，It hadn't been for...，but for，supposing等。

④熟練掌握表示建議的常用句式：

Why not...?

Why don't you/we...?

How about...?

You'd better...

You may/might as well...

If Iwere you,I would...

I'd rather you...

（5）行為與計劃（Action and Plan）

行為與計劃類題目的選項常以to+V（或不帶to的不定式）短語形式、V-ing短語形式或V-ed短語形式出現。對話中常會出現一個或幾個動作，要求考生根據對話的內容，迅速記憶提及的動作及相關信息、動作發生的前后順序以及動作與動作發出者的對應關系等。

該類試題要求考生對對話的主題及題目中說話人的行為進行判斷，主要的提問方式有：

What does the man want to do?

What is the man planning to do?

What is the man going to do?

What are the two speakers talking about?

1）考查過去的行為

例 2012年A類初賽

What did the woman do last night?

A.Watched TV.

B.Went to the circus.

C.Practiced juggling.

【錄音原文】

M：Did you have fun last night?

W：To be frank,I've seen better things on television.I didn't like seeing large animals performing tricks,and the jugglers weren't as skillful as Ithought they'd be.

M：Sounds like awaste of money,then.

【解析】女士說不喜歡看large animals雜耍和jugglers變戲法，反而還不如電視節目精彩，而男士也認為她的做法浪費了金錢。所以她昨晚去了馬戲團看表演。

2）考查將來的行為

例 2011年A類初賽

What will the woman do next?

A.Visit the pet motel.

B.Write areview.

C.Look for some information.

【錄音原文】

W：What should we do about the animals while we're on vacation?

M：I was thinking of asking our neighbor,Bob,to take them in.But,we've got three cats and adog.It's really alot to ask.

W：Yeah,it is.You know,there's apet motel on Woodland Avenue.I'll go online and look for reviews about the place.

【解析】女士說I'll go online and look for reviews，可知她要去找和pet motel有關的信息，因此選C。

3）考查現在的行為

例 2009年A類初賽

What is the patient suffering from?

A.A throat infection.

B.A skin infection.

C.A serious cut.

【錄音原文】

M：If you'll just have aseat,Ms.Thomas,I'll look into your mouth.Open wide!Em,still abit red and swollen.Have you been taking the tablets Iprescribed and cut down on the cigarettes?

W：Yes,doctor.It's actually not half as sore as it was.

M：Em,yes.Your voice sounds better as well.Just take the tablets for afew more days and we'll have another look then.

【解析】醫生檢查時讓病人張開口，醫生還提到病人的聲音聽起來好多了，可推斷病人得的是喉嚨感染。

答題技巧

聽對話時要對與動作有關的內容特別注意，抓住表示時間順序的詞語，如since,before,after,then等，還要特別注意對話中所使用的時態和重復出現的詞，這些往往是答題的關鍵。

（6）因果（Cause and Effect）

此類題型較難，因為原因的闡述通常會出現在第一句，容易被忽視，且該類題信號詞較少，需聽完完整對話后才能明白其內容重點。

常見的提問方式：

Why can't sb.do sth.?

Why is sb....?

Why does sb....?

例1 2009年A類初賽

Why is the man late?

A.The trains were delayed.

B.He couldn't find abus stop.

C.Something went wrong with his friend's motorbike.

【錄音原文】

M：Sorry,I'm late.Did you hear about the trains?

W：Yes,I heard they were running late.

M：Well,I realized Imight be late,so Itried to find abus and on my way Ibumped into Jerry.He offered me alift on his motorbike.But unfortunately,it was exhausted by flameout,so in the end,I had to walk.

【解析】對話中提到男士已知道火車會晚點，為避免遲到已作出安排。男士遲到的原因是在搭乘朋友便車的時候，朋友的車總是flameout（熄火），只能步行上班。所以，正確答案應為C項。

例2 2013年A類初賽

Why did the man get divorced according to the woman?

A.He was bad-tempered all the time.

B.He didn't help take care of the baby.

C.He spent too much time in the pub.

【錄音原文】

M：It was all my fault.I wish Ihadn't been so thoughtless.I used to come back late from work,after stopping off at the pub on the way home,and didn't lift afinger to help when Idid get home.I should've helped more with the baby and things like that.

W：Well yes,the main thing if you ask me is that you shouldn't have taken on that new job in London when she'd just had ababy.

M：Now I'm adivorced idiot.

【解析】錄音中男士向女士講述了自己犯的一些錯誤導致了離婚，而女士認為主要原因是“在她剛生孩子的時候，你本不應該接受那份新工作”。由此可知女士認為他沒有照顧孩子是離婚的原因，即B項。

例3 2014年A類初賽

Why did the man move?

A.He needed alarger building.

B.He wanted an environmental-friendly place for business.

C.He wanted to live downtown.

D.He needed convenient transportation.

【錄音原文】

W：Have you always been on this site?

M：No,we used to be on an industrial estate on the outskirts of York.

W：Why did you move?

M：We needed larger premises so we moved to this greenfield site last year.

【解析】對話中女士問及男士搬家的原因，根據其回答“We needed larger premises so we moved to this greenfield site last year”，可知男士想要更大的經營場所，所以進行了搬遷。premises房屋；經營場所。

答題技巧

①注意聽清第二個人的講話內容，尤其是當第二個對話人使用I'd like to...,but...句式時，but之后就是具體原因。

②熟悉一些表示因果關系的詞和短語,在聽錄音時要特別注意以下詞或短語之后的內容：

words：because,as,for,since,in that,hence,therefore,consequently,cause,reason

expressions：due to,owing to,because of,thanks to,on account for,as aresult,result from,result in,lead to,give rise to,contribute to,attribute to,now that,so that,so...that,such...that,in order to,be responsible for

（7）氣候與天氣

談論天氣的人一般是朋友或家庭成員，內容涉及氣候、溫度、環境及天氣對人們生活和出行的影響。

解答該類題型要注意關于氣候與天氣的相關詞匯及短語：

climate,forecast,get worse,sunny,bright,warm（up）,cloudy,overcast,gloomy,windy,foggy,rain,snow,snow storm,etc.

冷暖：temperature,hot,cold,such asevere winter,etc.

（8）主題（Subject）

該類題目要求考生根據對話中的內容判斷他們討論的主題是什么。

常見提問方式為：

What are they/the two speakers talking about?

What do we learn from the conversation?

例1 2014年A類決賽

What do we learn from the conversation?

A.Landfill is now the main approach to waste disposal.

B.The man's factory has begun to burn its waste.

C.Burning waste will do more harm to the environment.

D.The government is going to stop the use of landfill.

【錄音原文】

W：How do you dispose of the waste in your factory?

M：We have to send it to landfill.It's very expensive because the government recently introduced alandfill tax so we're planning to build anew incineration plant next year to burn our waste.

W：But doesn't burning waste produce carbon monoxide?

M：Yes,it does.But we believe it's less harmful to the environment than landfill.

【解析】當被問及如何處理工廠垃圾時，男士指出“We have to send it to landfill”，并提到最近政府引入了垃圾掩埋稅，進行垃圾填埋很昂貴，因此他們考慮在下一年建造焚燒車間。對于女士關于焚燒垃圾產生二氧化碳的質疑，男士回答說“But we believe it's less harmful to the environment than landfill”，可見只有A項符合錄音內容。

例2 2012年A類初賽

What are the speakers talking about?

A.A photo.

B.Colors.

C.A painting.

【錄音原文】

M：What do you think of this one?

W：To be honest,it's not really my taste.I'm not really into this style of portrait.And it sort of looks like aphoto to me.

M：I like the colors,and the expression on her face is kind of intense.

【解析】從女士的評價I'm not really into this style of portrait,photo以及男士的colors可知對話是在討論一幅畫。

答題技巧

主題型試題主要考查考生對短對話的主要內容的把握能力?？忌枰プ￡P鍵字或主題句，根據所獲得的關鍵信息，來分析概括主題。

注意不要只從對話一方的話語中尋找答案。由于是考查談話主題，因此雙方的話語中應都含有與主題相關的線索詞。

長對話

1.試題特點

（1）取材廣泛

長對話的題材涉及十分廣泛，如選課、考試、借書、打工、社團活動等大學校園內發生的與學習、生活及娛樂有關的內容，人物關系主要以學生之間或師生之間為主；或是租房、求職、商務、旅行或訪談等校園以外的內容，人物關系相對多樣。同一次考試之中的兩組對話一般會選用不同題材。

（2）命題點多且分散

長對話與短對話有類似之處。短對話中考查的習語與詞匯、場景與人物、時間與數字、原因與結果、虛擬與轉折等內容同樣會在長對話中出現。長對話與短對話相比，信息量增大很多，短對話只針對一處信息點命題，而長對話命題點多且分散。

（3）命題順序一般與原文一致

長對話一般是按照與原文相符的先后順序進行命題的。這條命題原則對于考生來講很重要，因為在聽的過程中如能按順序把某些選項中的關鍵詞適當地“對號入座”，必要時再做一些筆記，就會增加對原文的理解程度，從而提高該部分的成績。

2.解題攻略

（1）聽到什么選什么原則

長對話部分一般只要聽見了某個詞語，并且在選項里面也出現了該詞語，那么這個選項就極有可能是正確選項。這個原則對考查細節的題目比較實用。對于聽不懂或者沒有聽清楚的詞句，可以采用此技巧。

（2）中心內容原則

考生在聽對話的時候，要把精力集中在說話人想要通過他的話傳達什么樣的信息或者闡明什么樣的觀點上，而不是去想什么詞沒有聽見，什么句子沒有聽懂。永遠去關注說話人想說明的主要觀點。

抓住這一點，不僅可以應對主旨類試題，還可以應對某些其他類型的試題，因為與短對話相比，長對話涉及的是一個“面”，必然有一個中心議題，中心議題就是該“面”的凝聚點，對話雙方都是圍繞該中心而展開對話的。因此對于長對話而言，做出正確選擇的關鍵就是把握住對話的主題。

（3）問答原則

長對話中經常出現的問答的形式（即兩個人對話時，其中一個人提問，另一個人對所提問的問題進行回答）是題眼。通常，對話中的提問往往成為問題的改寫，回答的部分就是需要選的答案，因此考生要留心對話中的問句，學會在一問一答中把握考點。

（4）原因原則

原因在對話中常常會成為考試的焦點。因此，當對話中出現一些表示原因的標志詞，如because,for,since,now that,so,consequently,therefore等時，考生要格外注意。

（5）but原則

這個原則非常簡單，就是只要出現but，或者其他的轉折連詞，如however,although等，后面的內容往往就是考點。

（6）解釋原則

有時候對話中會出現一些生僻的詞或概念，如果這樣的詞或概念對理解整個對話沒有影響，說話人是不會解釋的，所以這個時候不需要對它多加注意，但是一旦說話人解釋了，就說明它很可能對理解對話內容起到非常重要的作用，這時候，解釋的內容就一定要仔細聽，這極有可能就是題眼。

（7）建議原則

一般來講，在對話中只要出現建議，建議就會是考點。實際上，這一原則不僅在長對話中適用，在短對話中往往也是如此，所以只要是建議就要把它記住，而且考生在復習時要盡可能地熟悉各種各樣的建議方式。

3.題型分析

長對話部分的?？碱}型可分為以下三類：

（1）細節識別題（聽懂重要的或特定的細節）

長對話中細節題所占的比重最高，一篇長對話中通常會出現4個以上的細節題，有時甚至全為細節題。細節題涉及對話中一些具體的信息，比如人物的身份、年齡、姓名、電話、事情發生的地點、原因等?？赡艿奶釂柗绞饺缦拢?/p>

Where does the conversation most probably take place?

When will the show begin?

How much is achild's ticket?

How long does it take the man to...?

What gifts can children get from the library this year?

例1 2011年A類初賽

What time is Mike's wife's appointment?

A.At2：00pm.

B.At2：30pm.

C.At3：30pm.

【錄音原文】

Mike：This is Mike speaking.I'd like to make an appointment for my wife.She wants to come in at the end of the week.

Receptionist：How about this Friday morning?That's Friday the21st.

Mike：Mmm,I don't think she can make the morning.Any openings in the afternoon?

Receptionist：Yes.Appointments are available at2：00,2：30and3：30.

Mike：We'll take the first one,please.

【解析】前臺接待員說“Appointments are available at2：00,2：30and3：30”，之后男士選了第一個，故選A。

例2 2014年A類初賽

What is the earliest record of alcohol about?

A.It is just meaningless graffiti randomly drawn.

B.It is about how the earliest alcohol was produced.

C.It is the complaint about people adding water to the beer.

D.It is about how ancient people drank alcohol.

【錄音原文】

W：Has alcohol always been apart of people's lives?

M：Alcohol has been with us for thousands of years and must be nearly as old as civilization itself.The earliest piece of graffiti ever found,on awall in ancient Sumeria,complained that the beer was being watered down.In most societies,it is an integral part of celebrations and social gatherings.

【解析】題干問及關于酒的最早記錄與什么相關，對話開頭男士提到“The earliest piece of graffiti ever found,on awall in ancient Sumeria,complained that the beer was being watered down”，即在古蘇美爾的一面墻上，對啤酒被兌水的抱怨，故答案選C。

（2）推理判斷題（推論隱含的意義）

推理試題的難度相對比較大，主要的提問方式有：

What can you infer from the conversation?

What might be the man's attitude toward...?

What does the man think about...?

長對話部分對推理判斷題的考查不是很多，該類試題主要考查考生的推理判斷能力，考生應根據自己對對話內容的理解找出與對話意義相符的選擇項，而不僅僅以詞句是否與材料中聽到的詞句完全和部分相同而定。對于沒有聽懂的句子，可以根據已經獲得的部分信息以及自己具備的一般常識來判斷可能性較大的選項。

例1 2011年A類初賽

What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?

A.Travel agent and customer.

B.Professor and student.

C.Classmates.

【錄音原文】

John：I know.I was hoping that they'd stay at3,000words or only go up to3,500,but no luck,I'm afraid.

Jane：What about the deadline?

John：The first one has to be in by October30th and the second by November30th.It looks like one essay amonth the same as last year.

Jane：Well,at least that hasn't changed,but as it's the end of September now,that leaves only amonth to get the first one done.I'm going to get onto that straight away.

John：Yes,you'd better.If you want to talk about it,I'm going to be at the campus cafeteria at1：30for lunch.We could go over some questions.

【解析】通過兩人討論作業的語氣及對話發生的場景——校園，可以推知兩人是同學，故選C。

例2 2012年A類決賽

What does John think of the Conservative government's training schemes in the last five years?

A.It helped alot,but it didn't solve unemployment.

B.It was atrick the government played and couldn't solve the problem.

C.It was only carried out for afew months and few people got jobs in the end.

【錄音原文】

W：Unemployment has been falling steadily over the last five years thanks to our training schemes.

M：But those schemes just keep young people out of the unemployment statistics for afew months.Very few of them get jobs in the end.In fact,all you did was to play with the statistics to make it look as if unemployment was falling.Well,what about more action on poverty?

【解析】在評價training schemes時，男士John說道all you did was to play with the statistics to make it look as if unemployment was falling。所以他認為政府的這一小把戲并不能解決實際問題。

（3）主旨大意題

常見的提問方式：

What is the conversation mainly about?

What are the two speakers talking about?

What does the conversation focus on?

What is the main topic of the conversation?

長對話中對主旨大意題的考查不是很多，該部分是對整個對話內容的總結，屬于難度較高的一類題目，因此考生仍需注意。長對話的主題句一般是出現在對話的開始部分，并且對話的主旨會通過對話場景體現在一些關鍵詞中，考生應該注意把握。

例1 2012年A類初賽

What are the speakers talking about?

A.When to build ahotel.

B.The species of animals on the land.

C.The use of the land.

【錄音原文】

W：I don't really have any expertise in managing.Have you got any idea what we could do with it?

M：Well,when Isee fifty square kilometers of land,I think of money.

W：Ha,that's typical of you.

M：Well,yeah.I think,you know,a hotel will be great here.There's enough room for it,and as it's in the middle of this kind of wonderful environment,we could really sell it.

W：Yeah,the land's got these really lovely environmental features.You've got these lovely hills and there're all these lovely trees,and alittle forest down there.Perhaps it would be nicer to do something that's kind of more sympathetic with the environment,like,um,you could leave it wild and just let the animals roam free,or you could have like amore organized animal sanctuary to get the most out of the features of it.

【解析】男士提及land，且進一步表示a hotel will be great here。而女士也認為the land's got these really lovely environmental features，并給出了關于土地建設的具體意見。所以兩人討論的是土地利用的問題。

例2 2013年A類初賽

What is this conversation about?

A.Travel agencies.

B.Space tours.

C.Holiday plans.

【錄音原文】

W：Welcome to the Holiday Show.Today with me in the studio Ihave Richard Bennet,a travel consultant who's going to tell us about the holiday for those who have been everywhere.So Richard,what's the next frontier for the fearless traveller?

M：We're already working on plans that will get tourists into space within the next ten years.

【解析】這是一篇采訪。錄音中女士介紹完之后，開始對男士進行采訪，問道“對于無畏的旅行者來說下一個目標是什么”，男士回答道他們已經制訂計劃在未來的十年內讓旅游者去太空。由此可知這個談話是關于“太空旅行”的。

短新聞

1.試題特點

1）新聞內容源自VOA、BBC等國外新聞廣播；

2）題材多樣，主要為政治、經濟、科技等方面的新聞，在人文、軍事、體育、健康等方面也有所涉及；

3）由于新聞語言本身的客觀性，語音一般語氣比較平穩，措辭不會帶有個人色彩。

2.解題攻略

（1）聽前預測

短新聞部分也可以進行聽前預測，基本原則和對話的原則相同，即：

1）把握時機，在聽力開始宣讀指令時預讀題干和選項；

2）縱向瀏覽選項，快速尋找選項的共同點和不同點；

3）幾個選項相結合，預測新聞的大意。

錯誤的選項也可以傳遞很多信息，因為它的出現就是為了讓考生加以選擇，所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出幾個選項的共同點，這些點一般都是“真”的，可以讓考生對新聞的大致內容有所了解。對于選項的不同點，在聽的過程中要做到“去偽存真”。

（2）聽時注意

新聞的第一句一定要注意。因為這句往往是新聞的導語，會告知新聞的主要內容，而且往往是主旨類題目的答案出處。

1）和題目相關的內容一定要注意。新聞聽力題目的原文信息定位比較簡單，關鍵是在聽時一定要細心，這樣才能有效排除干擾項。

2）遇到聽不懂的地方立刻跳過。新聞聽力的語速較快，如果遇到一個不熟悉的單詞或沒聽清楚的句子就開始想它的意思，往往會影響對下文的理解。所謂“一心不能二用”，絕不可以在聽的同時回想上文的內容。要養成一個習慣，即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下來思考，專心聽下去。對于新聞聽力，這點尤為重要。

3）忽略特殊或難懂的人名地名。在新聞聽力中，常常會遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名，但大部分情況下這些人名或地名不會對理解新聞內容造成影響。當然，重要的經常涉及的新聞人物及地名還是得熟悉一下。

4）利用5W1H原則。新聞六要素（who,what,when,where,why,how），即通常說的“五個W和一個H”。聽新聞必須捕捉這幾個方面的信息，才能準確知道這則新聞究竟要傳達的是什么內容。

3.題型分析

短新聞的基本題型可分為細節題、推斷題和主旨題。

（1）細節題

和對話類題目類似，短新聞部分的題目也是以細節題為主，針對新聞的六要素（when,where,what,who,why,how）中的一個或幾個進行提問。

回答細節題時，考生首先要根據題干的關鍵詞匯認真聽取對話中的相關部分，然后再進行選擇。當錄音中出現題干中的關鍵詞或題干原話時，往往就是答案所在。

例1 2011年A類初賽

What are the most damaging emissions?

A.Ultrafine particles.

B.Gases.

C.Particles produced by gasoline engines.

【錄音原文】

People who live in polluted cities can see the grit and dirt produced from vehicle engines but some of the most damaging emissions are only now starting to be understood.They're ultrafine particles,way too small to be seen.Hundreds of them,placed side by side,match the width of ahuman hair.They are primarily produced by combustion in diesel engines.

【解析】新聞第一句末尾和第二句明確指出“the most damaging emissions...They're ultrafine particles...”，故選A項。

例2 2013年A類初賽

What measure is mentioned in the news?

A.Consolidating buildings.

B.Implementing acurfew in cities.

C.Storing food and water.

【錄音原文】

Heavy rains and strong winds are battering parts of Jamaica as Hurricane Sandy approaches.Schools and airports have been closed,and acurfew is in place in cities to keep people off the streets.Meteorologists have expected between25and50centimeters of rain to fall.They predict Hurricane Sandy will reach Haiti,Dominican Republic and Cuba.Yvonne Nelson is ashelter manager in Kingston,Jamaica.She described the preparations underway.

【解析】這則新聞是講颶風Sandy到來時，強風暴雨重創了牙買加的許多地區。其中提到的措施是關閉學校和機場，而且“a curfew is in place in cities to keep people off the streets”（在城市里實行一項宵禁令，讓人們遠離街道）。

例3 2014年A類初賽

What has caused the dispute over South Korea's law under consideration?

A.Benefit conflict among different industrial groups.

B.The popularity of online gaming in South Korea.

C.Parents concern about children's mental health.

D.Conflict between social and economic priorities.

【錄音原文】

South Korea's parliament is considering alaw that would classify online gaming as apotentially antisocial addiction alongside gambling,drugs and alcohol.The bill has won support from parents,religious groups and doctors but has alarmed the Internet industry and enraged gamers.The legislation includes provisions to limit advertising,while aseparate bill would take1%of the gaming industry's revenue to create afund to curb addiction.The uproar over the legislation highlights conflicting social and economic priorities in South Korea.

【解析】該則新聞的重點為最后一句“The uproar over the legislation highlights conflicting social and economic priorities in South Korea”（關于該立法的喧囂突出了韓國社會和經濟首要任務之間的沖突），因此答案選D。

（2）主旨題

相比長對話部分，短新聞部分的主旨題略多。短新聞的主旨題一般情況下答案都出自新聞的首句或前幾句，即新聞導語，所以考生對新聞的開頭部分要特別注意。

例1 2014年A類決賽

What's the main idea of the news?

A.The retirement saving schemes have benefited millions of UK workers.

B.The retirement saving schemes will be reformed.

C.The retirement saving schemes have just got started.

D.The retirement saving schemes are being questioned.

【錄音原文】

Millions of workers will be exposed to“risky”and outdated retirement saving schemes under the government's scheme to automatically enrol people into pensions,former Downing Street adviser Dr.Ros Altmann has warned.Pension schemes under the Government's automatic enrolment initiative started in October2012and are expected to result in around11million new pension savers over the next five years.Altmann said：“The future for pensions is more complex and risky than ever before.”She called for an overhaul of defined contribution（DC）pensions which,she argued,“are not fit for21st-century lives”.

【解析】新聞開頭點明主題“Millions of workers will be exposed to‘risky’and outdated retirement saving schemes under the government's scheme to automatically enrol people into pensions...”，即政府將民眾自動納入退休金的方案將令數百萬工人陷入高風險、過時的退休金儲備系統。因此D項“退休金方案正遭受質疑”概括了新聞主要內容。

例2 2014年A類初賽

What is the main idea of the news?

A.Obesity among youth in the UK is increasing rapidly.

B.The Obesity Action Campaign has won popular support.

C.Obesity has resulted in the rapid increase in liver disease in the UK.

D.Liver disease is no longer to be neglected in the UK.

【錄音原文】

“Cirrhosis triggered by obesity threatens to sweep through hospitals across the UK”,said Doctor Jude Oben,a hepatologist.Oben recently launched the charity Obesity Action Campaign to help in the battle against the spread of the condition.In the past,excess alcohol consumption and hepatitis infections have been the main causes of cirrhosis in Britain.Now athird cause—obesity—has triggered amajor increase in cases of liver disease in the UK.Liver disease is the fifth largest cause of death in the UK,and in the past10years there has been afivefold increase in cirrhosis for those aged between35and55.

【解析】新聞中首先指出肥胖所導致的肝硬化（cirrhosis）在英國的普遍性，提到之前肝硬化的主要誘因是過度飲酒和傳染性肝炎，而如今第三種誘因“obesity—has triggered amajor increase in cases of liver disease in the UK”，由此可知該新聞主要內容是“肥胖導致英國肝臟疾病的快速增加”，即C項內容。

（3）推斷題

推斷題在短新聞題目中所占的比例很小，該類題目需要對某個事實細節進行推斷。該類題能力要求較高，原文不會直接給出答案，必須在聽懂的前提下才能做出準確的推斷。

例1 2012年A類決賽

What does the reverse brain drain in the news refer to?

A.Talents flowing from developed countries to their motherland.

B.Talents flowing from developing countries to developed ones.

C.Talents flowing from big cities to rural areas.

【錄音原文】

Congress is studying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreign students to stay and work in the United States.Many foreign students come to the United States to earn advanced degrees in science,technology,engineering and math.But many are unable to get avisa to live and work here after they graduate.So far no agreement has been reached on how to stop this so-called reverse brain drain.The loss of highly skilled workers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones.Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive.

【解析】文中提到現行的移民措施導致many foreign students...unable to get avisa to live and work in the United States，即許多留學生歸國，這將造成許多發展中國家的reverse brain drain“人才回流”。故選A。

例2 2014年A類初賽

What could be inferred from the news?

A.There is no evidence that the planet is suitable for human existence.

B.There may be several planets that really resemble the Earth in space.

C.Scientists are planning to explore the planet someday.

D.Astronomers have landed on an Earth-like planet in space.

【錄音原文】

Scientists believe one in five stars in our galaxy have Earth-like planets orbiting them.But the ultimate goal of finding aworld that truly resembles our own has continued to elude astronomers.Now researchers have come astep closer by finding Earth's gassy twin in another solar system200light years away.It orbits adim red dwarf star at such aclose distance that temperatures on its surface could be as high as104℃—too hot for most forms of life on Earth.KOI-314C is only30percent more dense than water.This suggests that the world is enveloped by ablanket of hydrogen and helium hundreds of miles thick.

【解析】新聞中首先提到找到真正與地球相似的星球持續“elude astronomers”（elude使……迷惑；理解不了），隨后指出研究者發現與地球相似的這個星球表面溫度可達到104攝氏度，并且氫和氮的含量濃度很大。換句話說，就是并無證據表明該星球適合人類生存。故答案選A。

筆記填空

1.試題特點

（1）綜合性

筆記填空是一種綜合性的測試手段，它全面測試了考生的語音、詞匯量、語法以及記筆記等能力。

（2）難度較高

相對復合式聽寫，筆記填空難度要更大一些。復合式聽寫時，考生可以根據空缺明確定位需要的單詞在何時會讀到，而在筆記填空時，考生只能看到針對文章的筆記提綱，需要根據筆記，在聽懂的基礎上準確捕捉空缺處信息。

（3）考查單詞和短語

筆記填空只考單詞和短語聽寫，不考句子聽寫。

2.解題攻略

（1）聽前利用間隙瀏覽提綱

在錄音播放前，盡快瀏覽提綱，通過已有內容預測文章大意并推測單詞的詞性，如果是動詞或名詞，要格外注意它們的詞尾變化，這樣考生在聽錄音時就更具有針對性，從而提高效率。

例1 2014年A類決賽

Mainly for students throughout the Southeast,Midwest,and__________of the US...

【預測】通過and可知，空缺處和Southeast,Midwest并列，由此預判空缺處應填入一個名詞，而且表示的是美國的某個地區或者地點。（答案為Rocky Mountain regions。）

例2 2014年A類決賽

Designed by__________at the University of Iowa in1959to...

【預測】空格部分接在介詞by的后面，因此需填入名詞表示是由誰設計的。同時通過后面的at the University of Iowa in1959可知，參加設計的人和大學有關系。（答案為researchers。）

（2）利用速記法

邊聽邊記，快速填寫。在很短的時間里要寫下聽到的單詞或詞組，同時要保證拼寫正確，而且還要跟上后面的聽力內容，確實有很大的難度。因此考生要盡量運用速記法，以便能做到事半功倍。由于筆記填空不是給出整篇文章，而只是給出一些要點，因此考生在聽的時候要特別注意空白部分左右兩側的內容，通常以空白部分前面的內容作為信號詞，即出現該詞時就應將其后面的內容記錄下來。在速記時要擅用通用符號和縮略語。

（3）聽完錄音后，重新檢查已填的詞是否正確，力求答案完整

一是根據空白部分左右兩側內容，檢查所填入的詞是否滿足基本的語法規則，一般從詞性、名詞的單復數、動詞的時態語態上檢查是否有問題；二是檢查單詞的拼寫是否正確。

3.題型分析

筆記填空的基本題型可分為要點題、細節題。其中細節題又可以分為直截了當型和細節理解型。

（1）要點題

要點題即針對文章的要點設置空缺，文章的要點一般為體現文章的主要內容和文章脈絡的句子，多為段落的主題句。解答要點題需要考生從宏觀上把握文章的脈絡結構，對信息引導詞句提高敏感度。

Now let's move on to the disadvantages.

Now let's look at the features of them one by one.

There are at least three components of...

In the next part of the lecture,I'd like to talk about one of the basic steps...

In today's lecture,I'll try to answer these questions.

These are the steps shared between...and...

Generally speaking,there are two basic types of...

Firstly，...Secondly,...Thirdly,...

First and foremost...

Then,...

Last but not the least...

After this stage come the levels of...

Next,the level of...

What follows is the top level of...

For one thing，...Another component of...is...,and last...

Finally,...

First of all,what is...?

例 2014年A類初賽

Context

Definition：Our environment,particularly its significance during（21）__________.

Two types of cultures：

A.High context cultures

·The emphasis is the environment（22）__________.

·A message may not be stated very（23）whose meaning is（24）__________.

·A certain statement may have（25）__________.

B.（26）__________context cultures

·The emphasis is the（27）__________,which is often quite（28）__________.

·（29）__________don't often change the meaning of message very much.

·All the people are expected to understand the message in（30）__________.

【要點題判斷】從本答題卡給出的notes可以看出，第26題為要點題，體現了文章的脈絡，這道題的note與“A.High context cultures”在結構上并列。

【錄音原文】

Temporal perception is just one aspect of how we are shaped by our cultures.Another very strong element of our cultures is context.This refers to our environment,particularly how much of it is significant during communication.In terms of context,there are two types of cultures,high context cultures and low context cultures...

【解析】錄音開頭部分便提到“In terms of context,there are two types of cultures,high context cultures and low context cultures”，可知該空所在部分應該是對低語境文化的介紹，因此正確答案為Low。

（2）細節題

細節題是要點之下細節內容上的填空，是筆記填空采用最多的出題形式。細節題大致分為直截了當型和細節理解型。

1）直截了當型

此類細節題可以直接拿來就填，文章內容和需要填入的內容完全吻合。競賽中空缺處所填寫的詞絕大部分都是這種類型。

例 2012年A類決賽

The police finally found the man with the details he offered on his website,such as his__________and instructions for collecting the money.

【錄音原文】

...It also included the British man's contact information and instructions on how to collect the reward.The officers followed the instructions exactly,which made it easy for them to“collect”the man for attempted murder.

【解析】文中提到“It also included the British man's contact information and instructions on how to collect the reward”，因此正確答案為contact information。

2）細節理解型

該類題雖然也是對細節的考查，但聽到的內容不能直接填入空缺，需要對聽到的內容進行同義轉換、詞性轉換、思維角度轉換等來滿足空缺處對字數、語法等的要求。

例1 2012年A類初賽

Name：Festival of Snakes

Country：Italy

Activities：Celebrations begin with people__________and putting them in cages.

【錄音原文】

Celebrations begin on Saint Joseph's Day,March19,when the first snakes of the season are captured and put in cages.

【解析】capturing snakes（思維角度轉換，主動語態轉為被動語態。）

例2 2012年A類決賽

A man suspected of ajewelry store__________was arrested.He tried to find himself the alibi by saying he had committed another crime somewhere else.

【錄音原文】

In Belgium,a man who was suspected of robbing ajewelry store was tracked down and captured by the police.

【解析】robbery（詞性轉換，非謂語動詞轉為名詞。）

例3 2012年A類決賽

But he got arrested because when the policeman entered in the ID number in his driver's license,it showed on the screen that he was the__________for arobbery.

【錄音原文】

The officer took his driver's license and entered in the ID number.A few moments later,the screen lit up,showing that the man was wanted for armed robbery.

【解析】wanted man（詞性轉換，非謂語動詞轉為名詞。）

平時備考

為了提高聽力效果，考生應在聽力訓練和復習中有意識地注意以下幾個方面的訓練。

1.通過“讀”幫助“聽”，努力擴大知識面

聽力部分的內容取材廣泛，幾乎覆蓋生活的各個方面。對現實生活各個領域的詞匯都略知一二是聽懂的基礎，對于短新聞類題目尤其適用，新聞作為一種語言測試題型也是語言在現實生活中真實運用的體現。所以考生在平時的學習中要多讀多聽，不斷積累各個方面的知識和詞匯，尤其是實事政治詞匯。

2.掌握正確的語音

掌握正確的語音是提高英語聽力能力的重要基礎。學習者有必要對音標、字母組合、發音規則等進行系統的復習，不斷提高對語音的辨別能力和敏感程度。只有熟練地掌握了這些基礎知識，才能逐步過渡到句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。

3.擴大詞匯量

擴大詞匯量，熟記新聞報道中的常用詞匯。雖然英語新聞廣播所使用的詞匯量很大，但其中的常用詞比較穩定，且重復率較高。如VOA廣播中的Special English節目要求的常用詞匯約為1500個，如果能熟練掌握這些詞匯，聽懂Special English就不是問題。

4.加強儲存記憶（memory span）

做到這一點需要按意群捕捉講述的內容，不要一字一字地聽，而要抓住關鍵詞或句。聽完一段不可能一字一句地回憶，而要建立整體概念。

5.加強及時反應（immediate recall）

只有當你建立了整體概念，才能達到立即回憶。

6.做簡短筆記（brief note-taking）

在聽較長材料時，用縮寫或自己能看懂的點、線或其他標記做些快速記錄，如：數字、地點、人名或其他關鍵詞語等。

7.多做聽寫和記筆記訓練（dictating&note-taking）

這種練習有助于儲存記憶，訓練快速抓住關鍵詞或句以及中心思想的能力。

8.精聽與泛聽（intensive&extensive listening）

同一段內容反復聽若干次，這樣有助于增加記憶的持續時間；聽不同內容的材料，有助于增加聽各種不同聲音、口音及語速的經驗。前者屬于精聽，后者為泛聽，兩者應有機結合起來。

9.訓練聽與尋找答案同時進行（looking for the right answer while listening）

在聽的同時迅速瀏覽各項選擇，只需細看各項選擇的不同部分，而相同的部分只看第一個即可，這樣可以節省時間以便多做思考。當然，如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考題的空隙快速瀏覽一下所要做的習題的選擇項，那是再好不過了。因此，特別要提醒考生的一個訣竅就是：當聽力理解的每一部分開始放音時，總要有一長段的題目指令（Instructions）與例題（Sample），考生可以不必去聽它，因為聽與不聽根本不會影響你后面的答題。利用這一段時間，瀏覽題目及選項并大致推測一下錄音內容大有益處?？忌f不要錯過這個時機。

10.必須防止兩種情況的發生

一是精神過度緊張；二是注意力長時間的滯留。要學會控制自己的注意力，盡量不使其長時間地滯留或努力縮短其滯留時間，而迅速再度集中注意力聽下面的內容。

總之，聽力的提高固然與個人的語音水平有關，但更重要的還必須通過大量的聽的實踐來提高?？陀^地講，提高英語聽力水平沒有捷徑可走，多聽是唯一的辦法。所謂“技巧”都是在英語新聞聽力訓練的過程中根據自己的實踐總結的經驗，任何“技巧”都代替不了“聽”本身。所以，要想提高英語聽力水平，一定要養成經常聽英語的習慣。