北京外國語大學2011年基礎英語考試試題

PartⅠGRAMMAR(30Points)

A.Correct Errors

The passage contains ten errors.Each indicated line contains amaximum of one error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For awrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For amissing word,mark the position of the missing word with a∧and write the word which you believe is missing in the blank at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with aslash/and put the word in the blank at the end of the line.

The science of architecture,followed out in its full1._____

extent,is one of the noblest of that which have reference2.____

only to the creations of human mind.It is not merely a

science of the rule and compass,it does not consist only

in the observation of just rule,or of fair proportion:it was,3.____

or ought to be,a science of feeling more than of rule,a

ministry to the mind,than to the eye.If we consider how4.____

much less the beauty and majesty of abuilding depend5.____

its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye,than upon its rousing

certain trains of meditation in the mind,it will

show in amoment how much intricate questions of feeling6.____

are involved in the raising of an edifice;it will convince

as of the truth of aproposition,which might at last have7.____

appeared startling,that no man can be an architect,who is not

a metaphysician.

With the illustration of the department of this noble8.____

science which may be designated the Poetry of Architecture,

this and some future articles will be dedicated.It is this

peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality;and

it will be found as interesting as it is useful,to trace in the

distinctive characters of the architecture of nations,not

only its adaptation in the situation and climate in which9.____

it has arisen,but its strong similarity to,and connection

to,the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who10.____

first employed it is distinguished.

PartⅡREADING COMPREHENSION(80points)

A.Multiple Choice

Please read the following passages and choose A,B,C or Dto best complete the statements about them.

Reflections on Gandhi

Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent,but the tests that have to be applied to them are not,of course,the same in all cases.In Gandhi’s case the questions one feels inclined to ask are:to what extent was Gandhi moved by vanity—by the consciousness of himself as ahumble,naked old man,sitting on apraying mat and shaking empires by sheer spiritual power—and to what extent did he compromise his own principles by entering politics,which of their nature are inseparable from coercion and fraud?To give adefinite answer one would have to study Gandhi’s acts and writings in immense detail,for his whole life was asort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant.But this partial autobiography,which ends in the nineteen-twenties,is strong evidence in his favor,all the more because it covers what he would have called the unregenerate part of his life and reminds one that inside the saint,or near-saint,there was avery shrewd,able person who could,if he had chosen,have been abrilliant success as alawyer,an administrator or perhaps even abusinessman.

At about the time when the autobiography first appeared Iremember reading its opening chapters in the ill-printed pages of some Indian newspaper.They made agood impression on me,which Gandhi himself at that time did not.The things that one associated with him—home-spun cloth,“soul forces”and vegetarianism—were unappealing,and his medievalist program was obviously not viable in abackward,starving,over-populated country.It was also apparent that the British were making use of him,or thought they were making use of him.Strictly speaking,as aNationalist,he was an enemy,but since in every crisis he would exert himself to prevent violence—which,from the British point of view,meant preventing any effective action whatever—he could be regarded as“our man”.In private this was sometimes cynically admitted.The attitude of the Indian millionaires was similar.Gandhi called upon them to repent,and naturally they preferred him to the Socialists and Communists who,given the chance,would actually have taken their money away.How reliable such calculations are in the long run is doubtful;as Gandhi himself says,“in the end deceivers deceive only themselves”;but at any rate the gentleness with which he was nearly always handled was due partly to the feeling that he was useful.The British Conservatives only became really angry with him when,as in1942,he was in effect turning his non-violence against adifferent conqueror.

But Icould see even then that the British officials who spoke of him with amixture of amusement and disapproval also genuinely liked and admired him,after afashion.Nobody ever suggested that he was corrupt,or ambitious in any vulgar way,or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice.In judging aman like Gandhi one seems instinctively to apply high standards,so that some of his virtues have passed almost unnoticed.For instance,it is clear even from the autobiography that his natural physical courage was quite outstanding:the manner of his death was alater illustration of this,for apublic man who attached any value to his own skin would have been more adequately guarded.Again,he seems to have been quite free from that maniacal suspiciousness which,as E.M.Forster rightly says in APassage to India,is the besetting Indian vice,as hypocrisy is the British vice.Although no doubt he was shrewd enough in detecting dishonesty,he seems wherever possible to have believed that other people were acting in good faith and had abetter nature through which they could be approached.And though he came of apoor middle-class family,started life rather unfavorably,and was probably of unimpressive physical appearance,he was not afflicted by envy or by the feeling of inferiority.Color feeling when he first met it in its worst form in South Africa,seems rather to have astonished him.Even when he was fighting what was in effect acolor war,he did not think of people in terms of race or status.The governor of aprovince,a cotton millionaire,a half-starved Dravidian coolie,a British private soldier were all equally human beings,to be approached in much the same way.It is noticeable that even in the worst possible circumstances,as in South Africa when he was making himself unpopular as the champion of the Indian community,he did not lack European friends.

Written in short lengths for newspaper serialization,the autobiography is not aliterary masterpiece,but it is the more impressive because of the commonplaceness of much of its material.It is well to be reminded that Gandhi started out with the normal ambitions of ayoung Indian student and only adopted his extremist opinions by degrees and,in some cases,rather unwillingly.His first entry into anything describable as public life was made by way of vegetarianism.Underneath his less ordinary qualities one feels all the time the solid middle-class businessmen who were his ancestors.One feels that even after he had abandoned personal ambition he must have been aresourceful,energetic lawyer and ahard-headed political organizer,careful in keeping down expenses,an adroit handler of committees and an indefatigable chaser of subscriptions.His character was an extraordinarily mixed one,but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your finger on and call bad,and Ibelieve that even Gandhi’s worst enemies would admit that he was an interesting and unusual man who enriched the world simply by being alive.Whether he was also alovable man,and whether his teachings can have much for those who do not accept the religious beliefs on which they are founded,I have never felt frilly certain.

1.A testing criterion for Gandhi’s sainthood,according to Paragraph1,is to see if____

A.his major initiative for politics is monetary reward

B.his vanity is based on spiritual principles

C.coercion and fraud is related to his political compromise

D.his principles are overridden by his political needs

2.The author obviously thinks that Gandhi’s autobiography____

A.tells the truth about the British

B.excludes facts about his early life

C.alters usual understanding of his personality

D.presents him as acomplete saint

3.The British liked Gandhi because____

A.he prevented effective action in every crisis

B.he incited action against India’s rich middle-class

C.he cheated the British as well as his countrymen

D.he lent himself for use by the British colonists

4.What is E.M.Forster’s view?

A.The Indians were defeated by British hypocrisy.

B.Gandhi generally believed people’s good faith.

C.India’s politics was affected by inferiority complex.

D.The Indians were extraordinarily suspicious.

5.Which of the following does NOT describe Gandhi?

A.extraordinary physical courage.

B.abundant good faith.

C.little feeling of inferiority.

D.strong sense of color feeling.

The New Generation

Since his first appearance13years ago,Harry Potter has loomed over ageneration.In1997,he was11years old—and so were legions of his devotees.The boy wizard,whose final adventures hit the screen next week in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows:Part1,is still ateenager,but is there asense which his fans,now24,are also finding it hard to grow up?With many young adults still living at home or remaining in education,sociologists have argued that the age of maturity is changing fast;that the current crop of twentysomethings is stuck.

Any attempt to define ageneration will fail.But how much do we know about the people who made Harry Potter asuperstar?Are they theüber-confident,sex-savvy go-getters of advertising fantasy,or acuckoo generation destined to remain in the family nest,devoid of career prospects or financial stability,sold out by the grownups who frittered away their future?We can surely take it for granted that this group of people are more technologically literate and enthusiastic than any that has preceded them;recent data from the Office for National Statistics suggests that only1percent of16to24-year-olds has never accessed the internet.But it’s also common sense to assume that,while young people might revel in how easy it is to communicate with one another,they are likely to feel less confident in the current economic climate about their ability to access and afford education,to enter the job market,to get afoothold on the property ladder and to rely on the State to provide asafety net in times of trouble.

In short,young people are both more connected and more alone than ever.On one side,they are awash in asea of celebrity culture,in which young people such as Wayne Rooney can be materially rewarded beyond anybody’s wildest dreams for the possession of asingle skill,and the less gifted are briefly lauded on atelevision talent show before along descent into obscurity.On the other,economic,environmental and geopolitical convulsions create asense of collective catastrophe that seems to deflate the very idea of individual aspiration.

So how does that make them feel?Mel Smith,who works for the Youth Support Service as part of the Transition to Adulthood(T2A)Alliance,which was established to provide support for young adults in the criminal justice system,explains how some of the people she works with find that their age makes them even more vulnerable.

“It’s avery difficult time,the very early twenties,because of the way that alot of the support is set up,”she says.“As they reach age milestones,they move from youth to adult services;they may find themselves moved to adifferent service just because they’ve had abirthday.”

When Thomas Viney,a27-year-old graduate living in London,read alengthy article in The New York Times arguing that the delayed adulthood experienced by many twentysomethings constituted anew developmental life stage,he felt the need to respond.He wrote that by the time his parents were his age,they had established ahousehold,had children,got proper jobs,started savings schemes and pension plans and,more generally,had learnt to look after themselves.

By contrast,he had amassed little of any tangible value and his life,punctuated by amusing but random interactions with his mates,seemed more defined by aimlessness than purpose.When agirlfriend said she thought she was pregnant(she wasn’t),the cold wave of responsibility was enough to sweep him completely off his feet.

Viney believes that his experience is not simply atypical twentysomething scenario but indicative of afar more damaging malaise.“A lot of people in my generation,”he tells me,“were brought up to think that they were very special and that they had something to contribute to the world—not through hard work,but through the arts.I think we’re lost;that we no longer think it’s OK to knuckle down and apply ourselves,because that isn’t the life that we were promised.”

His upbringing was middle class,rather than wealthy,but he feels that it took place against the backdrop of what he calls atime of“biblical”plenty and abundance.He also says that his generation has been“encouraged to enjoy ourselves”,that there’s something wrong with you if you don’t and that there will be few consequences to alife of hedonism.As aresult,he and his friends,with acouple of exceptions,have barely aserious job or stable domestic environment among them.Viney himself,though,is taking afew tentative steps towards serious adulthood,working in publishing and writing in his spare time.What he has learnt,he says,is that for all that his parents had to sacrifice,they gained far more than they lost.

Facebook,as everyone but aMartian knows,was founded by abunch of precocious youths.Apart from all the online games,groups,jokes and pokes,probably the most recognizable feature of Facebook is the“status update”.But what might the status update of this disparate bunch be?How would they encapsulate all the exuberance,anxiety,yearning and joyfulness that being twentysomething brings?Perhaps something like:“Status pending.Update to follow.Don’t wait up.”

6.What is true according to Paragraph1?

A.Popular interest in Harry Porter has declined since1997.

B.The first generation of Harry Porter fans is still immature.

C.The final adventure of Harry Porter is about aboy wizard.

D.Sociologists’view of Harry Porter differs from young adults’.

7.The author finds it difficult to define the present generation because____

A.they are quite able in the virtual world but not in the real one

B.they areüber-confident go-getters but sold out by grownups

C.they communicate easily with others but rely on State safety net

D.they have good career ability but will not enter job markets

8.How does the present economic situation affect this generation?

A.Created aspecial culture of celebrity worship.

B.Destroyed opportunity of huge reward for mediocrity.

C.Damaged aspiration for social and personal advancement.

D.Boosted confidence to access and afford education.

9.The phrase“knuckle down and apply ourselves”probably means____

A.establish ahousehold

B.get aproper job

C.work hard for apurpose

D.succeed through the arts

10.Which of the following statements correctly reflects Thomas Viney’s view?

A.The older generation had amore practical view of life and value.

B.Purpose and responsibility is out of the younger generation’s mind.

C.Plenty and abundance makes personal application unnecessary.

D.A life of hedonism is taken as exception rather than as the norm.

B.True or False

Read the following passage carefully and then decide whether the statements which follow are true(T)or false(F).

Dr.Christakis and his research partner,James H.Fowler,an associate professor at the School of Medicine at the University of California,San Diego,created an international uproar in2007when they published astudy on obesity.In it,they reported that fat could be catching—spreading through social ties.One of the study’s findings was that aperson’s chance of becoming obese increased57percent if the person had afriend who became obese.Another surprising finding of the study,published in The New England Journal of Medicine,was that one’s chance of becoming obese was influenced not only by the weight gain of friends but also by friends of friends who gained weight.

Since then,the researchers have examined how other health-related behaviors and conditions—drug use and sleeplessness among teenagers,smoking and happiness—spread through social networks.And they have published abook explaining their work,titled“Connected:The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives.”

Now Dr.Christakis and Professor Fowler,as well as other scientists,are turning their attention to anew research area:how to harness social networks to promote public health.Of course,we already know that people can and do change their health habits when they seek out and participate in new social groupings,like Weight Watchers.But how do we extract information from existing social networks to improve public health?

One method is to identify social connectors,people who spend tune with more friends than

average—and are thus exposed to more germs and are more likely to be among the first to contract contagious diseases like the flu.If health officials could find and track those social butterflies,they could tap into an early-detection system for epidemics and figure out whom to vaccinate first in order to slow the spread of disease.

Last winter,Dr.Christakis and Professor Fowler tried just such astrategy—monitoring people’s

friends—to track the spread of HlNl flu at Harvard.They monitored744undergraduates who were either selected at random or were named as friends by the randomly selected students.Then they followed the undergrads,using their electronic medical records,to identify which students went to the university health service complaining of flu symptoms.

The method is based on“the friendship paradox”—the counter intuitive idea that your friends have more friends than you do.In other words,you’re more likely to be friends with popular people than with loners.And those popular people tend to be closer to the core of asocial network.

In the Harvard study,published Wednesday in the scientific journal PLoS One,the flu developed about two weeks earlier in the friend group than in the randomly selected group.The results,the study leaders say,indicate that public health officials could use friend monitoring like sentinel nodes in the human body,as an early-detection system for disease.

Friend monitoring systems could also be used to identify flu trends faster than methods now used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—or on Google,for that matter—because the friend system pinpoints signs of an epidemic before it peaks in the general population,Professor Fowler says.“This method,although we have studied HlNl,could be applied to anything that spreads—smoking,weight gain,”he says.

Some researchers are also studying how asocial network’s structure affects the speed.It which people adopt and stick to health habits.To that end,Damon Centola,an assistant professor of economic sociology at the Sloan School of Management at M.I.T.,conducted an experiment with more than1,500people.He created aWeb-based health forum where they had access to and could rate health information sites.

Professor Centola then randomly assigned participants to one of two social network designs:one was set up like aresidential neighborhood,with clusters of overlapping ties among neighbors;the other was acasual network where people did not share social ties.

Each participant was matched with other members,called“health buddies”.although people could not contact their buddies directly,they received e-mail from the system about then buddies’activities on the site.

The neighborhood structure turned out to be much better than the random social network at prompting people in the study to join and participate in the health forum,according to Professor Centola’s report,published this month in the journal Science.More important,Professor Centola says,the more e-mails that people received about the activities of their health buddies,the more often they returned to the forum.

In the real world,he says,this means the amount of social reinforcement you give to people to improve their health habits may be more important than who is encouraging them to do so.In other words,a local community network of friends and neighbors may be more important than aremote celebrity spokesman in stopping the spread of,say,sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers.

11.Overweight is contagious,being not just the result of one’s diet and life style,but also of one’s associations and acquaintances.

12.Dr.Christakis and Professor Fowler’s research on obesity can be extended to the study of all phenomena which pass from one place to another.

13.The purpose of monitoring HlNl flu at Harvard is to identify the nature of the disease and eliminate it at its very beginning.

14.The term“the friendship paradox”means that while you believe you have agreat many friends,you in fact are one of the many friends of another person.

15.Professor Centola’s research shows that,in terms of health habits,people are more likely to listen to the advice of friends and neighbors than to that of astar spokesman or afamous public figure.

C.Gap Filling

Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text.There are more sentences than gaps.

Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made;there is no absolute truth,though there may be many“relative truths”.Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only that we ever know,in the sense of establishing for certain,whether astatement made by us is absolutely true or false.

16____In supplement,Hume noted that reports of experience,observation and experiment,do not conclusively justify any prediction concerning the future or more generally the unobserved,even if they are held to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves.This may be regarded as skepticism about induction,the principle by which Bacon famously warranted inference from the known into the unknown.When we abandon the dream of conclusive justification,Hume argued,we must become all the more skeptical about opinions supported only by experience.17____

Hume’s argument is indeed open to question,though we ought not assume too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism.Even if skepticism is correct,his argument does not concede anything to relativism,for skepticism does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine that all rational opinion is justified opinion.The level-headed skeptic,the critical rationalist,does not doubt that there is truth to be had,but thinks that it maybe had only by making alucky guess.18____

Remorseless though the logic is,it is at this point that reasonable people ask in incredulity:can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is simply amore widely accepted form of study of UFOs,dianetics,and similar unseemly charlatanism?19____But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses,its observations,and its experiments,for from the point of view of rationality,science is above the critical method of searching for errors.20____though if they are designed to be unassailable and unfalsifiable,then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain.Consequently,though ahypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is preferable to ahypothesis that dies,it does not become abetter hypothesis through being tested.

A.though scientific hypotheses are not untrustworthy or unreliable except in the sense of being sometimes false

B.Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by observation and experiment,and have no more claim on our credulity,than the fancies of pseudo-scientists

C.If one judges that there is life elsewhere in the galaxy,and the other judges the opposite,then one of them has hit on afragment of the truth

D.What is wrong with pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses,not the hypotheses themselves

E.for the grounds of what is accepted as true themselves require grounds,thus initiating an infinite regress of justification

F.Modem skeptics relish specially this second discovery of Hume’s:that there exist no grounds whatever,conclusive or inclusive,for anything that we claim to be certain of

PartⅢTRANSLATION(40points)

A.Please read the following passage and translate it into Chinese.

Did these prejudices prevail only among the meanest and lowest of the people,perhaps they might be excused,as they have few,if any,opportunities of correcting them by reading,traveling,or conversing with foreigners;but the misfortune is,that they infect the minds,and influence the conduct even of our gentlemen;of those,I mean,who have every title to this appellation but an exemption from prejudice,which,however,in my opinion,ought to be regarded as the characteristic mark of agentleman;for let aman’s birth be ever so high,his station ever so exalted,or his fortune ever so large,yet if he is not free from national and other prejudices,I should make bold to tell him,that he had alow and vulgar mind,and had no just claim to the character of agentleman.And in fact,you will always find that those are most apt to boast of national merit,who have little or no merit of their own to depend on,than which,to be sure,nothing is more natural:the slender vine twists around the sturdy oak for no other reason in the world but because it has not strength sufficient to support itself.

B.Please read the following passage and translate it into English.

教育是人類文明進步與繁榮的重要標志，是經濟社會發展的重要動力源泉。在人類不懈奮斗、竭力前行的歷史進程中，教育承擔著不可替代的使命和職能，發揮了重要的作用。早在兩千多年前，中國先秦時期一部經典著作《大學》這樣說：“大學之道，在明明德，在親民，在止于至善。”這一教育思想與一千多年后發祥于歐洲的近代大學開啟智慧，弘揚文化、傳播知識的精神是相通的，千百年來這一傳統薪火相傳，經歷了歷史長河的洗禮而歷久彌新，顯示出蓬勃的生命力。

歷史的腳步已經跨入21世紀，科學技術迅猛發展，知識經濟撲面而來，人類社會面臨著深刻的變革。時代賦予大學新的使命和豐富的內涵，也提出了前所未有的挑戰和變革要求。

參考答案

PartⅠGRAMMAR(30Points)

A.Correct Errors

1.in→to。固定表達：to the/its full extent表示“最大限度的”。

2.that→those。固定結構“one of+名詞/代詞”中，名詞或代詞都用復數形式。

3.was→is。這是對現在情況的描述，用一般現在時。

4.^than→more。由前文的more than可知這里是比較級。

5.depend^→on/upon。depend是不及物動詞，與介詞on/upon連用。

6.much→many。修飾復數“intricate questions”用how many。

7.last→first。at first表示“最初”。

8.With→To。由句意“為了闡述建筑詩學這一范疇，需要訴諸本文和其他文章”可知用介詞to。

9.第一個in→to。固定結構：adapt to表示“適應”。

10.to→with。connection with表示“與……關聯”。

PartⅡREADING COMPREHENSION(80points)

Reflections on Gandhi

1.D.由題目定位到第一段第二句。判斷甘地是否是圣人，要看他是不是妥協了自己的原則，而為了進入政壇。

2.D.由題目定位到第二段。自傳將甘地塑造成了圣人。D項正確。

3.A.由題目定位到第二段第五句。英國人喜歡甘地是因為認為他阻止暴力事件發生相當于阻礙了有效反抗的行為。A項正確。

4.D.由題目定位到第三段第五句。Forster在《印度之行》中寫道“狂熱的疑心”是印度社會的惡疾。D項正確。

5.D.由題目定位到第三段第三四句。即使因為膚色問題而引發戰爭，甘地也沒有考慮過人的種族和地位問題。因而可知他對膚色問題沒有感覺。

The New Generation

6.B.由題目定位到首段最后兩句。《哈利波特》的粉絲已經24歲了卻住在父母家中，沒有成熟。由此可知《哈利波特》的第一批粉絲仍未成熟。

7.A.由題目定位到第二段結尾。雖然這些年輕人沉迷于和他人的網絡交際，但缺少接受教育，找工作，依靠政府等方面的自信。排除CD兩項。A項正確。

8.C.由題目定位到第三段結尾。當前經濟形勢是個人抱負被削弱，造成一種集體災難。

9.C.由題目定位到第八段結尾。這一代知曉自己的特殊，可以對社會做貢獻，但不靠工作，而是靠藝術。現在迷失自我，也可推知他們不想為了目標而努力工作。

10.A.由題目定位到第六段。Viney提到父母一輩時，說他們已經有自己的家庭，工作，儲蓄，養老計劃，由此看來他認為父母那一代的生活是腳踏實地的。

B.True or False

11.T.由題目定位到第一段第二三四句。肥胖是隨社會關系傳播的。而且人發胖不僅受直接朋友影響，還受朋友的朋友影響，說明發胖是傳染性的。

12.F.由題目定位到第二段首句。研究從肥胖延伸到其他與健康相關的現象，但不是所有

現象。

13.F.由題目定位到第四段第二句。如果找到并追蹤這些社會交往的活躍人士，就可以引入流行病早期探測系統，找出首先接受疫苗的對象，減緩病情的擴散，但并不是判斷該病的本質和消除它。

14.T.由題目定位到第六段前兩句。友誼悖論是違反直覺的概念，你更有可能和受歡迎的人做朋友，而不是孤僻的人。

15.T.由題目定位到最后一段結尾。Centola教授研究表明，本地社區網絡的朋友和鄰居的建議比遙遠的名流代言人更有影響力。

C.Gap Filling

16-20E FC BD

PartⅢTRANSLATION(40points)

A.Please read the following passage and translate it into Chinese.

這些偏見是否僅在最卑賤的底層階級中盛行呢？也許這群人是可以被原諒的，因為他們很少有機會去閱讀書籍，去旅行，或者與外國人交流，以糾正自己的偏見。但不幸的是，這些偏見竟影響了一些智者，甚至讓我們的紳士的行為也受到影響。我認為那些在方方面面都滿足紳士這一頭銜，卻無法擺脫國家偏見的人，恰恰是紳士的典型代表：即使一個人出身再高貴，地位再尊貴，財產再龐大，如果他無法擺脫國家偏見或對其他事物的偏見，我就要斗膽讓他知道他只是一個頭腦簡單粗鄙的俗物，稱不上是一位紳士。事實上，你經常會發現那些最善于吹噓國家功績，而自己卻鮮有甚至是沒有功績的人，成長是畸形的，正如那盤旋于堅實橡樹上的松軟葡萄藤，它們不為別的，只是因為自身的力量連自己都支撐不起來。

B.Please read the following passage and translate it into English.

Education,an important symbol of progress and prosperity of human civilization,constitutes astrong driving force for social and economic development,having been playing amajor part through shouldering an irreplaceable mission and function in human history featured by unremitting struggle for progress.According to The Great learning,a classic written prior to the Qin Dynasty over2,000years ago,“the purpose of the great learning is to illustrate illustrious virtue,to enlighten and renew the public with modern thinking and to rest in the highest excellence”.Such educational thought coincides with the spirit of modern universities established l,000years later in Europe;enlightening wisdom,promoting culture and spreading knowledge,which has been passing for hundreds of years and experiencing the test of the history,and now refreshes and flourishes with vigor.

We have stepped into the 21 st century symbolized by the rapid scientific and technological development,the knowledge,economy as well as the profound social revolution;therefore,our universities are now bestowed with new missions and rich connotation on the one hand,and confronted with unprecedented challenges and reformation on the other hand.