- GMAT官方指南閱讀解析：圖解邏輯法
- 趙洪波
- 1439字
- 2019-09-29 13:34:24
第三節 風格固定
一、喜新厭舊
GMAT閱讀的一大特點是喜新厭舊，“新”是指新觀點，“舊”是指老觀點，即傳統的觀點、過去的觀點和大眾的觀點。在考試時，出題人偏好于考查新觀點。
如果GMAT閱讀文章有新觀點和老觀點，通常是先寫老觀點，后寫新觀點。所以，考生閱讀的重心應該在文章后面的新觀點，題目的正確答案很可能是包含新觀點內容的選項。注意這些特點后，考生可以迅速抓住文章的重點文字，并排除一些錯誤選項。
例如下面的文章：
從上面的文章分析和結構圖，可以看出第一段第一句話提出了一個老觀點，作者用However一詞反駁了老觀點，后面接著用例子證明自己的觀點。根據喜新厭舊的風格，可以知道對老觀點內容瀏覽即可，重點讀的內容應該是作者提出的新觀點和對新觀點繼續論述。
下面看一道與這篇文章相關的題目：
The passage is primarily concerned with
（A） providing support for a traditional theory
（B） comparing several explanations for a problem
（C） summarizing a well-known research study
（D） recommending an alternative approach
（E） criticizing the work of a researcher
這是一道主旨題。（A）選項，“支持傳統的理論”這與喜新厭舊的風格矛盾，所以排除。
二、標新立異
GMAT閱讀文章的作者會提出新的見解，與眾不同。在讀文章時，特別要注意強轉折、強對比關系的句子以及表示作者觀點的句子，作者觀點與多數人的觀點的不同之處也就是作者標新立異的內容，極有可能是考點。
例如下面的文章：
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.
I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator's grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
（文章摘自《GMAT官方指南》）
第一段作者提出考古行業有兩個問題，一是沒有錢，二是有大量的非法挖掘。針對第一段的問題，作者在第二段提出了一個建議，那就是將出土的藝術品在公開市場賣掉。
當讀到“賣”這個建議時，估計很多考生是無法接受的，因為他們會覺得文物是國家財產，買賣是非法的，所以“賣”這個建議不好。也正是如此，很多考生會懷疑自己是否讀懂了文章。當作者提出這個讓人吃驚的建議時，后面的內容一定會詳細闡述其建議的合理性的。在此筆者建議廣大考生，如果不能接受作者的觀點，切記不要和作者的觀點對抗。
三、同情弱者
GMAT閱讀文章具有同情弱者的特點。弱勢群體包括女性、黑人、印第安人和少數民族。了解這些特點，可以有效理解文章作者的態度，排除一些選項。
女性文章在考試中是非常重要的，這里要提醒考生注意兩點。第一，女性文章談論的時間通常是文藝復興時期和18—19世紀；第二，在談論女性的文章中通常不會大量談論男性的情況。
例如下面的文章：
During the nineteenth century, occupational information about women which was provided by the US census—a population count documented each decade—became more detailed and precise in response to social changes. Through 1830, simple enumeration by household reflected a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household was specified by name, while other household members were solely indicated by the total number of persons counted in different categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most firms were family-run, so that the census considers economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
（A） explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
（B） compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
（C） describe and explain a historical change
（D） discuss historical opposition to an established institution
（E） trace the origin of a contemporary controversy
從文章首句可以知道，這篇文章談論的是女性在19世紀時的狀況，所以選項（B），對比歷史狀況和現今的狀況不對，current-day是指21世紀了，時間不對等。
請看下面的例子：
Indeed, at the Women's Congress in 1910, most participants advocated maternity insurance and paid maternity leave, though the intense hostility between some socialists and bourgeois feminists at the Congress made it hard for them to recognize these areas of agreement.
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