第2小時 語感培養與潤色

1．語法精講

（1）描述頻率

雅思口語考試中的常見問題“How often...? ”或“What do you usually do...? ”會問及做某件事的次數和頻率。那么在回答時，我們需要對這件事情發生的頻率做出表述。具體問題如：

What do you usually do in the evening?

How do you usually relax?

Do you watch TV every day?

When do you usually use computers?

本節我們就來學習一下關于頻率的一些高分表達。我們所熟知的表示頻率的包括always, almost always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, almost never, never等。但是除了這些相對簡單的詞或詞組之外，還有其他的詞也可以起到相同的作用并幫助我們取得高分：

once in a while 表示“偶爾，有時”，表示頻率較低，同義替換可使用not often。

【原創范例】 談論壓力

Overtime work, bad interpersonal relationship, and dissatisfactory organizational culture are all sources of stress at work. Employees easily become irritated and even feel depressed once in a while.

occasionally 表示“偶爾地”，相當于rarely，表示頻率較低。

【原創范例】 談論酒店

I only live in hotel occasionally,mostly for business reasons.Hotels are comparatively expensive, although service is usually nice and food is delicious.

now and then 表示“時而，不時”。

【原創范例】 談論人物

My father is a person to whom I can turn for help. Everyone needs a pat on the back now and then,and my father's always there when I need it.

as usual 表示“像往常一樣，照例”，表示一件事反復發生。這樣的詞組通常出現在句首或是句尾。

【原創范例】 談論科技

Despite all the time-saving devices available to families, people are still juggling work and family as usual.

as a rule 說到經常做某事，我們第一個想到的大概就是要用usually，其實我們還有一個選擇：as a rule。

【原創范例】 談論日常生活

As a rule,I help my mother with the household chores after class.

consistently 如果要說明一件事情持續不斷地發生，我們可以選用consistently來表示“一貫地”。

【原創范例】 談論人物

My sister is really talented.She consistently gets superior results in exams.

frequently 當描述某件事情發生的頻率非常高的時候，我們可以選用frequently表示“經常地，頻繁地”。

【原創范例】 談論家庭

Chinese families and communities are closely-knitted.People frequently visit their relatives to catch up with each other's lives.

more often than not 表示“往往，多半”。

【原創范例】 談論交通

More often than not commuters get caught in traffic jams on their way to work.

（2）描述計劃與決策

雅思口語考試中存在一些需要考生做出計劃和決定的問題。如：

What's your long-term plan?

Which country are you going to?

還有一些題目是以一種隱性的形式來詢問考生決定的。如：

Why did you pick this university?

If you have a choice between working for a company and setting up your own company, which one would you choose?

在口語表達中，一個很多考生都會遇到的問題就是所用的單詞過于簡單，或者說是同一單詞的重復使用。“決定”就是其中一個典型。很多學生在表示決定時都喜歡用decide，或用將來時態：be going to do sth．和will等。

這里我們羅列出了一些表示“決定”意愿的高分詞語及詞組，并給出了這些詞語及詞組的使用方法，使考生在回答口語問題時能夠輕松解決不知如何進行同義替換的煩惱。

determine 是一個動詞，考生們通常的用法是determine to do something，這種用法其實并不是非常準確。在Native Speakers的語言世界里，這個詞主要用于被動語態，比如be determined to do something，表示語氣非常強烈、堅決。同時，determine后面也可直接跟賓語。

【原創范例】 談論未來打算、計劃

I am determined to further my study abroad.

How do you determine which major to pick?

make up one's mind 的意思是“決定做某事”，這個詞組通常是指在兩個或多個選擇中做出一個決定。

【原創范例】 談論活動

I have made up my mind to play basketball this Saturday.

【原創范例】 談論學習

Tom has made up his mind to study at home and prepare for the exam coming up next week.

set one's mind on 表示“已經決定了要做某事”，往往用于多選一。比如，“我現在有大把的時間，決定學習廚藝”（“我”可能有很多的選擇，比如學彈鋼琴、學繪畫等）。

【原創范例】 談論愛好

I have set my mind on learning how to cook this holiday.

【原創范例】 談論計劃

She sets her mind on going to study in France.

set 的意思非常廣泛，比如說“Are you all set? ”（你們都準備好了嗎？），這里set表示“決定”，這個詞的用法通常是set to do something。

【原創范例】 談論計劃

She sets to return to China after finishing her study in the UK.

【原創范例】 談論人物

John sets to ask her out again after she rejected him lasttime.

hesitate/waver 當然，很多時候也不一定非要用肯定的語氣來表達意思。雙重否定所表達出來的語氣往往更加強烈。比如，hesitate和waver都表示“猶豫不決”，所以在前面加上一個not，就成了“毫不猶豫”的意思。

【原創范例】 談論考試

I will not hesitate to take the IELTS exam again.

【原創范例】 談論未來計劃

She will not waver in her plan to learn another language.

establish 對這個詞大家更熟悉的是“建立”的意思，比如說establish a system。但在這里，establish表示的更多的是“確立了，確信了，肯定了”的意思。

【原創范例】 談論運動

Messi is truly in superb form today.I think we have established who the top footballer in the world is now.

put one's foot down 這個詞組的意思是“決定做某事”或者對什么事情的態度非常堅決。這個詞組的語氣可以說是本小節提到的詞中語氣最強烈的了。所以，提醒各位考生在用這個詞的時候要非常小心。

【原創范例】 談論食物

(Parents warn obese children)If I ever caught you sneaking a bite in the kitchen without my permission,eh huh,you'd be grounded.I put my foot down.

shot 常見的意思是“射擊”，但在口語中也有很多別的用法。比如call shots可用來形容“一個人說了算”。

【原創范例】 談論工作

I call the shots at work.

【原創范例】 談論婚姻

Women were always trying to call the shots in dealing with family affairs.

conclude 是“概括，得出結論”的意思。這個詞各位考生應該非常熟悉了。

【原創范例】 談論計劃

We have reached the conclusion that we are going to spend the holiday in Paris.

resolute 是形容詞，表示“堅決的，不猶豫的”。

【原創范例】 談論教育

The government is resolute to revamp the current educational system.

（3）描述能力或技能

雅思口語考試考查的就是你的英語口語能力，當然也會針對日常的學習能力、技能、專業能力等話題進行討論。這些問題不是為了考查英語以外的能力，而是通過談論日常的愛好、技能、專業等，考查你對“能力”話題的表述水平和邏輯思維。這樣的問題在口語考試Part 1中出現的頻率最高。比如：

Can you swim?

Can you speak another foreign language besides English?

還有一些題目是以隱性的形式來詢問某種能力，而且不局限于個人的能力，如：

What are the artistic skills you have?

How should the government cope with pollution problems in China?

在考試中很多考生喜歡將情態動詞用在自己的回答中（盡管考生對情態動詞的把握并不是非常好，很多情況下都會用錯），尤其是can這個單詞，使用的頻率非常高。而這樣做的結果通常是由于掌握的詞匯過于簡單、表達過于單一，最終得分不高。那么除了can之外，我們還能用哪些詞來表達能力或才能呢？

capable 意思相當于able，區別在于able的用法是be able to do sth.，而capable的用法是be capable of doing sth.。

【原創范例】 談論人物

You are more than capable of what you give yourself credit for.

【原創范例】 談論人物

She is capable of juggling two things with one hand.

adept 表示“在某方面的技能非常突出，非常擅長某技能”。

【原創范例】 談論活動

She is particularly adept in handicrafts.

【原創范例】 談論人物

He is adept at making a good first impression.

apt 是形容詞，它的意思是“非常聰明，尤其指學習某樣東西非常快。”【原創范例】 談論學習

She's an apt learner.

【原創范例】 談論學習

Everyone loves to work with apt colleagues.

deft 這個詞也經常用來表示類似于“能力”的意思，但是它更多用來表示“手非常靈巧，靈活”，同義詞有nimble, agile等。

【原創范例】 談論個人愛好

She is deftat origami,i.e.folding paper into all kinds of shapes.

expert 有“專家”的意思，也表示“在某方面能力非常強或很專業”。

【原創范例】 談論電腦

She is an expert in computer hardware.

【原創范例】 談論男女關系

John is an expert in picking up girls.

master 可以有兩種意思，一個是作名詞，表示“某方面的大師”；另一個是作動詞，表示“掌握（某種技能）”。

【原創范例】 談論考試

I have already mastered the skills of IELTS speaking.

【原創范例】 談論愛好

Criss Angel is a master of magic.

proficient 是形容詞，表示“在某方面技能非常的精湛”。

【原創范例】 談論語言學習

He is proficient in speaking and writing English.

【原創范例】 談論人物

He is a proficient swimmer.

talented 意思是“在某方面非常有天分”，大家應該非常熟悉了。

【原創范例】 談論電影

Russell Crowe is a talented actor.

train 作動詞時它的意思是“培訓，訓練”。這個詞還有一種比較常用的但是廣大考生可能并不熟悉的被動語態用法，表示某個人在某方面接受過培訓，意思就是“非常專業”。

【原創范例】 談論軍事

The soldiers are trained to fight the battle.

【原創范例】 談論工作

She was trained to give a motivational speech.

capacity 是名詞，表示“能力，承受力，承載力”的意思。

【原創范例】 談論健身

Tony has the capacity to lift100kg weights.

genius 意思是“天才，在某方面很有天賦的人”，比talented的語氣還要重得多。

【原創范例】 談論學習

She's a genius in mathematics.

【原創范例】 談論想法

Only a genius could come up with such a brilliant idea.

skilled 意思是“在某方面非常專業，技能非常強”。

【原創范例】 談論藝術

She is a highly skilled artist.

【原創范例】 談論工作

Skilled architects are in critical shortage nowadays.

2．Part 2高分范文

之前我們學習了在雅思口語考試Part 1中【學習類】【工作類】話題的答題技巧和思路。接下來我們將通過對口語考試Part 2中【學習類】【工作類】話題的高分范文的分析，來學習相關的高分表達和邏輯思維。

Sample Answer:

Right, I like to start the ball rolling by talking about the ideal job I'd like to have in the not too distant future and if I have the chance, I want to become a principal of a prestigious school or manager of a successful training centre. I guess the biggest reason why I want to become a head-master or in some countries, the head-teacher, is that I'm really passionate about teaching and passing on my expertise to the next generation. Besides, I don't just want to educate students. I wanna train the best teachers possible and create an amazing learning environment for everyone.

So, you might be wondering how come I set my sights on this crazy idea in the first place. It didn't occur to me until I first became a teacher a couple of years ago. Yes, I was teaching a bunch of amazing students. I was enjoying my job but after a couple of months, I was really frustrated with the working conditions. I was working my neck off day in and day out as I had to work late into the night to finish off marking copious amounts of homework. I was working unsociable hours which meant I couldn't hang out with my friends and spend time with my family. I felt so negative that I actually spoke to the principal directly about it, but guess what? He just dismissed my complaint by telling me to suck it up coz he said it is part of being a teacher.

If I'm lucky enough to fulfill my dream of becoming a principal, I will definitely restrain myself from saying things like that to my teachers as it really damages their ego. Furthermore, as their head-teacher, I'll organise proper training programs and offer generous incentive schemes, so that my teachers will feel like if they work hard, they will be rewarded. Finally, because of the power accompanying the role of the head master, I can actually sculpt and manage every teacher's career path so that they can become great teachers in the future.

高分表達：

ideal job 理想的工作

not too distant future 不久的將來

prestigious 受尊敬的，有聲望的

passionate 熱情的

expertise 專業知識

next generation 下一代

wonder 驚奇，懷疑

frustrated 失意的，挫敗的

day in, day out 每日每夜

late into the night 直到深夜

suck it up 強制接受

generous incentive scheme 豐富的獎學金計劃

accompany 陪伴，伴隨

sculpt and manage 創造并把控

career path 職業道路

賞析：

這是一個有兩層含義的問題，所以必須找出其中兩個關鍵詞組“perfect job”和“in the future”。注意時態是將來式。作者通過使用多種準確的連接詞以及引導性詞匯，使得整體的答案具有連貫性。范文中多次出現復雜句、同義替換以及口語性的表達，且使用恰當，因此能獲得高分。

在第一天中，我們學習到了【人物類】話題的描述與表達，那么也存在不少將人物和事件結合起來的題目，而且還融入了關于學習和工作的內容，我們一起來看一下：

Sample Answer:

Well, I'd like to talk about one of my classmates who gave me a hand recently and I really appreciate what she has done for me.

Here is the thing. About 3 weeks ago, I received a request for job interview from my dream company, which is BMW by the way. Since I was dying to be a PR assistant there and it would kill me if I didn't make it. I begged Lily, one of my classmates, to simulate the interview routine with me in advance, you know, just making sure everything would go smoothly on that day. And she played the interviewer, bombarding me with related questions as many as possible. While as an interviewee, all I need to do was trying to answer the questions as poised as possible. Lily was really responsible. She not only helped me get familiar with the whole routine, but also reminded me to maintain eye contact with the interviewer throughout face-to-face communications. She went through it with me time and time again until I memorised everything in my heart. Before the real interview began, she even called me to relax. Eventually, thanks to her help, I nailed it.

As for how I felt about it, well, I definitely felt grateful for everything that Lily has done to me. I mean, I am not sure if I could get my ideal job without her help. No amount of gratitude is enough to express my utmost thanks.

高分表達：

give me a hand 幫了我一把

appreciate 感激

make it 做到

bombard with 連續提出

poised 鎮定的，泰然自若的

maintain eye contact with 保持眼神交流

nail it 完成了，搞定了

賞析：

這是一道關于“助人為樂”的題目。范圍限制為學習和工作上的幫助，切勿偏題。在描述此題時，考生需要注意時態的正確使用以及對事件過程的描述，至于人物本身，略述一二即可。

Sample Answer:

The subject that I'd like to describe is physics in high school. A new physics teacher was assigned to our class at the beginning of each new academic year. I can still remember Mr. Alex, Burter, John, David and Mrs. Jeniffer. I felt lucky to have good physics teachers who could make the subject interesting and enjoyable.

For each class, our teachers would begin the lesson by telling us stories first and then relating it to the theory, experiments or mathematical principles of the textbooks. Some real-world examples were offered by teachers in an attempt to make the knowledge more accessible. Sometimes they used to take us to the physics labs and explain how something works. I have learned numerous things of physics from simple definitions of mass to the complex explanation of Einstein's Theory of Relativity. Thanks to these teachers, my physics grade improved dramatically.

The subject itself is utterly interesting if one can have a passion for it. It is one such subject that one would start loving it if he starts understanding the underlying concepts of it. Physics is all around us and the lesson I learned from my school had helped me greatly throughout my higher academic years.

高分表達：

describe 描述

numerous 很多的

complex 復雜的

utterly 完全地，徹底地

have a passion for 對……熱愛

underlying 潛在的，根本的

賞析：

本題要求考生描述在學校教授的一門學科。要求描述該學科和授課老師、老師如何教授的、自己學到了什么以及該學科對自己的一些幫助。范文將每個小問題很清晰地分段描述出來，邏輯結構安排合理，扣題的同時做到了能適當地展開話題，每段思路都很清楚。