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六、 疑問代詞

疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun)是用來提問的代詞,一般置于疑問句的句首。

1. who、whom 和 whose的用法

1) who 和 whom 的正式用法

who 和 whom 指人。一般而言,who 作主語或主語補語(即表語),whom 作賓語。who 和 whom 只能作疑問代詞,不能作限定詞(即不能作定語)。

? who(主語)+謂語動詞。

Who did tell you about the divorce of my parents?

Did who tell you about the divorce of my parents?

Who told you about the divorce of my parents?

關于我父母離婚的事是誰告訴你的?

who 是句中的主語,放在動詞 told 前,不需要助動詞 did。

Whom saw Sue and Andrew at the zoo?

Who saw Sue and Andrew at the zoo?

是誰在動物園看見了蘇和安德魯?

who 是句子的主語,不能用 whom 作主語。

? who(主語補語)+系動詞+主語。

Who is she? 她是誰?

who 作句中的主語補語(即表語)。

? whom(賓語)+助動詞+主語+謂語動詞。

Whom are you talking about? 你在談論誰?

whom 是介詞 about 的賓語,放在句首,助動詞 are 放在主語 you 前構成疑問句。

Whom did the police arrest?警察逮捕了誰?

whom 作動詞 arrest 的賓語,放在句首,需要助動詞 did 構成疑問句。

2) who 的口語用法與 whom 的書面用法

在口語中,who 既可以作主語,也可以作賓語,而 whom 只能作賓語。

Who is talking? 是誰在說話?

who 是句子的主語。

Who are you talking about(口語)

= Whom are you talking about(書面語)

你們在談論誰?

當介詞 about 放在動詞后,可以用 who 或 whom 作賓語。

= About whom are you talking?(非常正式)

當介詞 about 放在動詞前時,介詞后面只能接 whom 作賓語,不能接 who。

To who does the hog belong after it was stolen by Buzz?

To whom does the hog belong after it was stolen by Buzz?(非常正式)

Whom/Who does the hog belong to after it was stolen by Buzz? (正式/非正式)

巴斯把豬偷走后,豬應該算是誰的?

Whom/Who you saw riding in Lulu’s car?

Whom/Who did you see riding in Lulu’s car?你看見誰坐在露露的車里?

whom(正式)/who(口語) 是動詞 see 的賓語,要用助動詞 did 構成疑問句;助動詞 did 放在主語 you 之前。

3) whose 的用法

whose 是疑問所有格代詞,是 who 的所有格形式,用來指人。whose 具有名詞詞性,在句中作主語補語(即表語),也具有形容詞詞性,修飾名詞作定語。注意,whose 更常用作定語。

Whose is this sports car? (作主語補語<名詞詞性>)

= Whose sports car is this? (作定語<形容詞詞性>)

這輛跑車是誰的?

Whose airplane can we borrow if we need to fly to Spain? 如果我們需要飛往西班牙,我們可以向誰借飛機?

whose 修飾名詞作定語。

4) whose 區別于 who’s

who 的所有格是 whose。who’s 是 who is 或 who has 的縮寫。

Whose operating on John?

Who’s operating on John? 是誰在給約翰動手術?

who’s operating=who is operating。

In who’s room did you find my shoes?

In whose room did you find my shoes? 你是在誰的房間里找到了我的鞋?

whose 為疑問所有格代詞,作定語。

◇ Dan: Whose blue canoe is it, and who’s going to show Oliver how to paddle it across the river? 這艘藍色的獨木舟是誰的?是誰要教奧利弗如何把獨木舟劃到河對岸?

Ann: That’s my blue canoe, and Im going to show Oliver how to paddle it across the river. 這是我的獨木舟。我要教奧利弗如何把獨木舟劃到河對岸。

所有格限定詞 whose 修飾名詞 blue canoe;who’s 是 who is 的縮寫。

提示

who、whom、whose 也可作關系代詞。關系代詞 who(指人、動物)、whom(指人、動物)、whose(指人、物、地方、動物)引導從句。關系代詞 whose 是 who 或 which 的所有格形式。請參見<Unit 9 關系詞與定語從句、名詞性從句>。

a city whose attractions are many 一個有眾多吸引力的城市(指地方)

an android whose skin changes color 一個皮膚會變色的機器人 (指物)

the woman whose umbrella you took 那就是你拿了她雨傘的女子 (指人)

◇ Pat has got a cousin who’s swallowed a rat. 派特有一個吞過老鼠的堂哥。

who’s swallowed a rat=who has swallowed;關系代詞 who 在這里指人。

2. what 和 which 的用法

1) what 的用法

? what 是代詞,在句中作主語、賓語或主語補語(即表語),意思是“什么”,指動物或事物。

①what(主語補語)+系動詞+主語。

Besides becoming a wife, are what your other goals in life?

Besides becoming a wife, what are your other goals in life?

除了當一名妻子,你人生的目標還有什么?

疑問代詞要放在動詞前面。what在這里指事物,作主語補語(即表語)。

◇ Ann: What’s that on the road? 馬路上的那個東西是什么?

Dan: It’s a big toad. 那是一只大癩蛤蟆。

what’s 是 what is 的縮寫。what 在這里指動物。

②what(主語)+謂語動詞。

What happened to Pat? 派特發生了什么事?

what 作主語時,置于動詞之前。

③what(賓語)+助動詞+主語+謂語動詞。

What did you say? 你說什么?

what 作賓語。

What are we having for lunch? 我們午餐吃什么?

what 作賓語。

? what 也可以是限定詞,修飾名詞作定語,可以修飾人或物。

What event or person influenced you the most? 是哪件事或哪個人對你的影響最大?

what 是限定詞,具有形容詞性質,修飾事和人(event, person)。

2) which 的用法

? which 的意思是“哪一個,哪一些”,指人、動物或事物。

? which 是代詞或限定詞(即具有名詞或形容詞性質),在句中作主語、主語補語和定語。

Which is her seat? (作主語補語)

= Which seat is hers? (作定語)

= Which one is her seat? (作定語)

哪一個是她的座位?

which 指物。第1句的 which 是代詞,第2、第3句的 which 是限定詞,比第1句更常見、更自然。

Which is more expensive—your piano or the one I bought for Rich?哪一臺鋼琴更貴,你的鋼琴還是我給瑞奇買的那臺鋼琴?

疑問代詞 which 指物,在句中作主語。

? 代詞 which 可以與 of 引導的短語連用(如 which of you、which of the seats)。

Which of you broke my window? 你們中的哪一位打破了我的窗戶?

疑問代詞 which 指人(需要和 of 連用,才能指人),在句中作主語。

Which of these newspapers has the article about Mitch and Rich? 這些報紙中哪一份登載有關于米奇和瑞奇的文章?

疑問代詞 which 指物,在句中作主語。

3) what 和 which 的區別

? 用作疑問代詞時,what 指事物或動物,which 指人、動物或事物。

? which 可以與 of 連用,what 卻不能與 of 連用。

What of these 3D computer programs was created by Rich?

Which of these 3D computer programs was created by Rich?

這些3D電腦程序,哪一個是瑞奇編寫的?

what不能與 of 連用。

? 用作疑問限定詞(即定語)時, 如果供選擇的事物比較具體且數量較少,就用 which;如果供選擇的事物數量不確定,就用 what。

Which university do you want to go to, the University of Michigan or Northern Michigan University?你想上哪一所大學,密歇根大學還是北密歇根大學?

限制在一定范圍(兩所大學),用 which。

What university does Sue want to go to? 蘇想上什么大學?

沒有限制范圍,用 what。

What writer wrote such a terrible sentence? 什么樣的作家居然寫出這么糟糕的句子?

what 作限定詞,修飾名詞 writer(人),所指的作家數目未知,用what 不用 which。

Which day of the week did Kay go sailing with Rich? 凱跟瑞奇是星期幾一起去航海的?

限制在一定范圍(1周只有7天),用 which。

What day is it today? 今天是星期幾?

這句是固定用語。

4) what 和 who 的區別

what 指動物或事物(什么);who 指人(誰)。

What are you reading? 你在讀什么?

閱讀的是故事、詩歌等,指物,要用 what。

◇ “Who is that guy?” “Andrew Yu.” “那個小伙子是誰?”“是安德魯·余。”

指人要用 who。

What did Sue say to you? 蘇給你說了些什么?

◇ Ann: Look, someone is climbing the tree! Who is that? 瞧,有人在爬樹!是誰?

Dan: That’s Louise, and she’s good at climbing trees. 是露易絲。她爬樹很在行。

提示

疑問代詞+-ever: whatever、whoever、whichever 是 what、who、which 的強調形式。

Whoever told you such a big lie? 究竟是誰告訴你這樣一個大謊言?

Whatever could she have told Jim to upset him so badly? 她究竟給吉姆講了些什么,讓他如此心煩意亂?

Whichever of those six sports cars do you want to buy? 那6輛跑車,你究竟想買哪一輛?

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