愛丁堡Edinburgh

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, situated on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is the largest settlement in Lothian. While the town originally formed on the ridge descending from the Castle Rock, the modern city is often said to be built on seven hills. From its prehistoric roots as a hillfort, following periods of Celtic and Germanic influence, Edinburgh became part of the Kingdom of Scotland during the 10th century. With burgh charters granted by David I and Robert the Bruce, Edinburgh grew through the Middle Ages as Scotland's biggest merchant town. By the time of the European Renaissance and the reign of James IV it was well established as Scotland's capital.

愛丁堡是蘇格蘭的首都，坐落在福斯河的南岸。它是洛錫安區最大的居住區。這座城市最初是沿著城堡巖的下行線建立起來的。據說，今天的愛丁堡坐落在七座山上。歷史上的愛丁堡被用作天然的保護屏障。在凱爾特時期和日耳曼時期的影響下，愛丁堡在10世紀成為蘇格蘭王國的一部分。后來，大衛一世和羅伯特·布魯斯特許愛丁堡作為單獨的城市來發展，中世紀的時候，愛丁堡已經成為蘇格蘭最大的商業城市。到了歐洲文藝復興時期，同時也是詹姆士四世統治的時期，愛丁堡成為了蘇格蘭的首府。