Word List 1

approach /??pro?t?/

【釋】v. 靠近 (come near)

【例】As you approach the town, you’ll see the college on the left.

【釋】v. 處理 (start to deal with)

【例】What’s the best way of approaching this problem?

【釋】n. 途徑 (way)

【例】The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.

【近】method

associate /??so??ie?t/

【釋】v. 聯系 (connect)

【例】Most people immediately associate addictions with drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.

assume /??su?m/

【釋】v. 猜想 (suppose)

【例】It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.

【近】conjecture

【形】assumption

reference /?refr?ns/

【釋】n. 提及 (mention of)

【例】He made no reference to any former agreement.

【釋】v. 為…附參考資料 (provide with source of information)

【例】The book is not well referenced.

credit /?kred?t/

【釋】n. 信用 (a record of how well you have paid your bills in the past)

【例】You need to have a strong credit history and a good job in order to get a mortgage.

【釋】n. 學分 (a unit of schoolwork)

【例】I took two credits in Spanish.

【釋】v. 把…歸給，歸功于

【例】The team credited their coach for the championship.

appropriate

【釋】adj. /??pro?pri?t/ 合適的 (suitable, acceptable or correct)

【例】Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.

【釋】v. /??pro?prie?t/ 侵占 (take illegally or without permission)

【例】He was accused of appropriating club funds.

trial /?tra??l/

【釋】n. 試驗 (test)

【例】learn by trial and error

【釋】n. 審判 (lawsuit)

appeal /??pi?l/

【釋】v. 呼吁；懇求 (make a formal request)

【例】Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.

【近】plea, implore

【釋】v. 吸引 (attract or interest)

【例】The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.

alternative /??l?t??rn?t?v/

【釋】adj. 供選擇的 (offering or expressing a choice)

【例】Scientists are developing an alternative approach to treating the disease.

【近】different, other, another, second

【釋】n. 供替代的選擇 (a choice or option)

【例】The menu offered several vegetarian alternatives.

institution /??nst??tu??n/

【釋】n. 設立 (initiation)

【例】the institution of new safety procedures

procedure /pr??si?d??r/

【釋】n. 工序，過程 (an established or official way of doing something)

【例】The companies use a variety of testing procedures to select appropriate candidates.

【近】action, plan

presence /?prezns/

【釋】n. 存在 (the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place or thing)

【例】He hardly seemed to notice my presence.

【近】existence

【反】】absence

【釋】n. 風度

【例】The actor’s commanding presence impressed everyone.

emerge /i?m??rd?/

【釋】v. 出現 (appear)

【例】New ideas emerged from the discussion.

critical /?kr?t?kl/

【釋】adj. 關鍵的 (essential, crucial)

【例】The incident happened at a critical point in the campaign.

【近】pivotal

【釋】adj. 批評的 (criticizing)

【例】Don’t be so critical with your children.

【反】】complimentary

insurance /?n???r?ns/

【釋】n. 保險

【例】insurance for his new car

【釋】n. 預防措施 (protection against future loss)

【例】The country needs a defense capability as insurance against the unexpected.

objective /?b?d?ekt?v/

【釋】adj. 客觀的 (unbiased)

【例】He’s quite objective in his reporting.

【近】impartial, neutral

【反】】partial, subjective

【釋】n. 目標 (goal)

【例】The sole objective of her trip was to see her children.

troop /tru?p/

【釋】n. 部隊

【例】The next phase of the operation will involve the deployment of more than 35,000 troops from a dozen countries.

【釋】n. 一群，一隊；大量，許多

【例】He came out with a troop of followers.

acquire /??kwa??r/

【釋】v. 獲得 (gain something by your own efforts, ability or behavior)

【例】General Motors acquired a 50% stake in Saab for about $400 million.

【近】obtain

【反】】relinquish

【釋】v. 習得 (gain knowledge or skills)

【例】She has acquired a good knowledge of English.

【形】acquisition

capacity /k??p?s?ti/

【釋】n. 容納的能力；容量；功率 (size or power, often measured in particular units)

【例】The company aimed to quickly double its electricity-generating capacity.

【近】volume, size

【釋】n. 能力

【例】Winning this race is well within your capacity.

component /k?m?po?n?nt/

【釋】n. 組成 (constituent)

【例】Trust is a vital component in any relationship.

【近】element

suspect /s??spekt/

【釋】v. 懷疑 (have an idea or impression without certain proof)

【例】If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.

perspective /p?r?spekt?v/

【釋】n. 觀點，視角 (point of view)

【例】Because of its geographical position, Germany’s perspective on the situation in Eastern Europe is rather different from Britain’s.

【近】outlook

assess /??ses/

【釋】v. 評價 (evaluate)

【例】Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates.

commitment /k??m?tm?nt/

【釋】n. 承諾 (undertaking, obligation)

【例】She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.

【釋】n. 責任感 (sense of duty)

【例】a sense of commitment

【近】responsibility

【形】committed

internal /?n?t??rnl/

【釋】adj. 里面的 (inner)

【例】the internal structure of a building

chain /t?e?n/

【釋】n. 鏈 (a series of connected links or rings usually of metal)

【例】She wore a gold chain around her neck.

【釋】n. 一連串 (a series of things)

【例】a chain of events

【近】series, succession, sequence

【釋】n. 連鎖 (a group of businesses that have the same name and sell the same products or services)

【例】a chain of grocery stores

abuse /??bju?s/

【釋】n./v. 虐待 (use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose)

【釋】n./v. 辱罵 (use extremely rude and insulting words)

【例】He alleged that he was verbally abused by other soldiers.

【釋】n./v. 濫用 (improper or excessive use)

【例】He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.

【近】exploit

principal /?pr?ns?pl/

【釋】adj. 最重要的 (main, chief, primary)

【例】Their principal concern is bound to be that of winning the next general election.

【釋】n. 校長 (headmaster)

【例】The principal keeps all our school reports on file.

commission /k??m??n/

【釋】n. 委員會 (committee)

【例】The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison.

row /ro?/

【釋】n. 一排 (line)

【例】She was sitting in the front row.

【釋】v. 劃 (propel)

【例】We could all row a boat and swim almost before we could walk.

cast /k?st/

【釋】v. 扔；拋 (throw)

【例】The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.

【近】toss, fling

【釋】v. 澆鑄 (shape material in mold)

【例】Those sculptures are cast in bronze.

conservative /k?n?s??rv?t?v/

【釋】adj. 保守的 (not accepting changes or new ideas)

【例】She’s more conservative now than she was in college.

【近】traditional, conventional

【反】】radical

proportion /pr??p??r?n/

【釋】n. 部分，比例 (part, fraction)

【例】Water covers a large proportion of the earth’s surface.

constant /?kɑ?nst?nt/

【釋】adj. 穩定的 (stable)

【例】Ross was his most constant and loyal friend.

【近】persistent, ceaseless

【反】variable

【釋】n. 常數

【例】The velocity of light is a constant.

reserve /r??z??rv/

【釋】v./n. 儲備 (save)

【例】Australia has major coal, gas, and uranium reserves.

【近】stock, backup, retain

【釋】v./n. 保留 (doubt)

【例】I trust him without reserve.

【釋】v. 預訂

【例】He reserved a table.

【近】book

phase /fe?z/

【釋】n. 階段 (any stage in a series of events)

【例】The project is only in the initial phase as yet, but it’s looking quite promising.

【近】stage, period, chapter, episode

protest /?pro?test/

【釋】n./v. 抗議 (oral complaint)

【例】The announcement raised a storm of protest.

【近】objection

【形】protester

impose /?m?po?z/

【釋】v. 強制實行 (enforce)

【例】This system imposes additional financial burdens on many people.

yield /ji?ld/

【釋】n. 產量 (an amount produced)

【例】Crop yields have risen steadily.

【近】produce, supply

【釋】v. 屈服，投降 (cease opposition)

【例】She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.

【反】retain, resist, defy

implement /??mpl?ment/

【釋】n. 工具 (a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment)

【例】Make sure that all sharp implements, such as scythes, have covers.

【釋】v. 實施 (put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect)

【例】A new work program for young people will be implemented.

attach /??t?t?/

【釋】v. 附屬 (cling)

【例】I attach a copy of my notes for your information.

acknowledge /?k?nɑ?l?d?/

【釋】v. 承認 (admit)

【例】They acknowledged that the decision was a mistake.

【釋】v. 認可 (recognize)

【例】He is also acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper.

【釋】v. 確認收到 (report the receipt of)

【例】Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.

【近】grant

【反】reject

estate /??ste?t/

【釋】n. 莊園；地產

【例】I naturally took him to be the owner of the estate.

【近】property, plantation

【釋】n. 遺產

【例】His mother’s small estate had passed to him after her death.

expose /?k?spo?z/

【釋】v. 使顯露 (make (something) visible, typically by uncovering it)

【例】Lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf beneath the Bering Sea.

【釋】v. 揭露

【例】After the scandal was exposed, Dr. Bailey committed suicide.

【近】reveal

variable /?v?ri?bl/

【釋】n. 可變因素 (changeable factor)

【例】Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable.

【釋】adj. 變化無常的 (liable to change)

【例】There was a bit of a wind and it was blowing onshore, variable, but quite strong.

【近】fluid

【反】constant

resolution /?rez??lu??n/

【釋】n. 決心 (determination)

【例】They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period.

【釋】n. 解決 (solution)

【例】a problem that defies resolution

【釋】n. 決議

【例】He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete withdrawal.

accompany /??k?mp?ni/

【釋】v. 陪伴 (go somewhere with somebody)

【例】The groups are always accompanied by an experienced mountain guide.

【釋】v. 伴隨 (happen or appear with something else)

【例】Shouts of protest accompanied this announcement.

core /k??r/

【釋】n. 核心 (center)

【例】We already have our core team in place.

【反】peripheral

motion /?mo??n/

【釋】n. 運動 (movement)

【例】One group of muscles sets the next group in motion.

【近】progress

【釋】v. 示意 (gesture)

【例】He motioned her to sit down.

【近】direct

plastic /?pl?st?k/

【釋】n./adj. 塑料(的) (a light material that is produced by chemical processes and can be formed into shapes when heated)

【例】He tied the ends of the plastic bag together.

【釋】adj. 可塑的 (malleable)

【例】The mud is smooth, gray, soft, and plastic as butter.

【釋】adj. (樣子或味道)令人不滿的

【例】plastic airline food

mechanism /?mek?n?z?m/

【釋】n. 機械裝置 (a system of parts working together in a machine)

【近】appliance, apparatus

【釋】n. 機制 (a special way of getting something done within a particular system)

collapse /k??l?ps/

【釋】n./v. 坍塌 (fall down)

【例】The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.

【近】dilapidate

distinguish /d??st??ɡw??/

【釋】v. 區分 (differentiate)

【例】to distinguish right from wrong

【近】discern

substantial /s?b?st?n?l/

【釋】adj. 重要的；大量的 (considerable)

【例】substantial sums of money

【釋】adj. 實質的

【例】the substantial world

【近】solid

encounter /?n?ka?nt?r/

【釋】v. 遭遇 (unexpectedly experience or be faced with)

【例】We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.

split /spl?t/

【釋】v. 切開；分裂 (divide)

【例】The committee split over government subsidies.

【近】chop

【反】merge

swing /sw??/

【釋】v. 擺動 (move or cause to move back and forth)

【例】His arms swung as he walked.

consistent /k?n?s?st?nt/

【釋】adj. 一致的 (uniform)

【例】She’s not very consistent in the way she treats her children.

【近】coherent

【反】incongruous

prospect /?prɑ?spekt/

【釋】n. 希望 (hope, expectation)

【例】There is no immediate prospect of peace.

【近】likelihood

plot /plɑ?t/

【釋】n. 情節 (the main events)

【例】I couldn’t follow the plot.

【釋】n. 陰謀 (a secret plan)

【例】an assassination plot

【近】conspiracy

【釋】v. 謀劃 (arrange and plan)

【例】Prosecutors in the trial allege that the defendants plotted to overthrow the govern- ment.

【近】conceive

criterion /kra??t?ri?n/

【釋】n. 準則 (standard)

【例】to meet a criterion

【近】standard, specification, gauge

integrate /??nt?ɡre?t/

【釋】v. 構成整體 (combine one thing with another to form a whole)

【例】Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.

【釋】v. 使融入 (make someone become a full member of a group or society)

【例】It’s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.

【近】merge, unite, fuse

【反】separate

convention /k?n?ven?n/

【釋】n. 傳統 (tradition)

【例】By convention the deputy leader was always a woman.

【釋】n. 會議

【例】They met at an annual convention in New York.

retain /r??te?n/

【釋】v. 保持 (keep, preserve)

【例】This season I expect us to retain the championship and win the European Cup.

【反】dismiss

sequence /?si?kw?ns/

【釋】n. 順序 (order, series)

【例】He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.

【近】succession

lean /li?n/

【釋】adj. 傾斜的 (be in or move into a sloping position)

【近】slant

【釋】adj. 瘦的 (not fat)

【例】Her lean figure was silhouetted by the sun.

crucial /?kru??l/

【釋】adj. 關鍵的 (important)

【例】The crisis is entering a crucial, critical phase.

【近】pivotal, critical, decisive

minority /ma??n??r?ti/

【釋】n. 少數；少數民族

【例】Members of ethnic minorities are represented on the committee.

【反】majority

【形】minor

dominate /?dɑ?m?ne?t/

【釋】v. 控制；主導 (control)

【例】He denied that his country wants to dominate Europe.

【近】command

peer /p?r/

【釋】n. 同等地位的人；同齡人 (a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person)

【例】She gets on well with her peer group.

【釋】v. 仔細看 (look keenly or with difficulty)

【例】He watched the Customs official peer into the driver’s window.

variation /?veri?e??n/

【釋】n. 變化 (a change or difference)

【例】Many theories on punishment exist, all of which are variations on a theme.

【近】alteration

undertake /??nd?r?te?k/

【釋】v. 承擔，從事，著手做 (carry out)

【例】She undertook the arduous task of monitoring the elections.

【近】assume

equivalent /??kw?v?l?nt/

【釋】adj. 等價的，相等的 (equal)

【例】Those less-known companies manufacture equivalent products at cheaper prices.

【近】equal, identical, similar, comparable

enterprise /?ent?rpra?z/

【釋】n. 事業 (a project or undertaking)

【例】The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event.

【釋】n. 企業 (a company or business)

【近】venture

pitch /p?t?/

【釋】n. 強度 (degree of intensity)

【釋】n. 音調 (tone)

【釋】n. 場地 (playing area)

【例】a football pitch

contemporary /k?n?temp?reri/

【釋】adj. 同時代的 (living or occurring at the same period of time)

【例】Mark Twain and Jack London were contemporary writers.

【近】concurrent

【釋】adj. 當代的 (of the time)

【例】contemporary musicians

episode /?ep?so?d/

【釋】n. 事件 (an event or a group of events)

【例】I’d like to try and forget the whole episode.

【近】incident, occurrence

【釋】n. 集，一段情節 (a unit of action in a dramatic or literary work)

symptom /?s?mpt?m/

【釋】n. 癥狀；征兆 (indication)

【例】The rise in inflation was just one symptom of the poor state of the economy.

【近】manifestation

eliminate /??l?m?ne?t/

【釋】v. 消除 (completely remove or get rid of)

【例】Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

【近】remove

recruit /r??kru?t/

【釋】v. 征募 (enlist)

【例】The police are trying to recruit more Asian officers.

【釋】n./v. 招聘，聘用

【反】dismiss

exclude /?k?sklu?d/

【釋】v. 排除 (rule out)

【例】I cannot entirely exclude that possibility.

restore /r??st??r/

【釋】v. 恢復 (renew)

【例】The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.

【反】abolish

alter /???lt?r/

【釋】v. 改變 (change)

【例】Alcohol can alter a person’s mood.

【近】adjust, adapt

【反】preserve

【形】alteration

perceive /p?r?si?v/

【釋】v. 察覺；感知 (become aware of)

【例】It was meant to be a joke, but she perceived it as a threat.

convert /k?n?v??rt/

【釋】v. 轉變，變換 (change; transform)

【例】There are mechanical devices that convert air into beautiful sounds.

【近】transform

【釋】n. 皈依者；熱衷…的人

【例】I didn’t think I’d like paying my bills online, but now I’m a convert.

justify /?d??st?fa?/

【釋】v. 證明…是正當的 (be reason for)

【例】How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

【形】justifiable, justification

vital /?va?tl/

【釋】adj. 極其重要的 (absolutely necessary or important)

【例】The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims.

【近】essential, critical

【反】peripheral, minor

external /?k?st??rnl/

【釋】adj. 外在的 (on or coming from the outside)

【例】The explosion which followed blasted out the external supporting wall of her flat.

【反】internal

depression /d??pre?n/

【釋】n. 坑 (hole)

【例】an area pockmarked by rain-filled depressions

【釋】n. 抑郁 (dismay, unhappiness)

【例】I suffered from severe bouts of depression.

【近】melancholy

【釋】n. 經濟大蕭條

【例】He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

underlie /??nd?r?la?/

【釋】v. 位于…之下 (lie below)

【例】The secretary said the poverty and instability in Somalia that underlie the piracy problem are not being forgotten.

【釋】v. 構成…的基礎 (form the basis of)

【例】These rates underlie borrowing rates for households and businesses.

incorporate /?n?k??rp?re?t/

【釋】v. 包含；體現 (include; embody)

【例】This aircraft incorporates several new safety features.

【釋】v. 組成公司；合并 (form a company)

【例】We had to incorporate the company for tax reasons.

【近】assimilate, integrate

perception /p?r?sep?n/

【釋】n. 看法，洞察力 (someone’s ability to notice and understand things)

【例】She has extraordinary powers of perception for one so young.

【釋】n. 感知，感覺 (an awareness of things)

【例】Drugs can alter your perception of reality.

【近】recognition, awareness, consciousness, appreciation

strain /stre?n/

【釋】n. 品種，類型 (a particular breed of an animal or plant)

【例】a new strain of wheat

【近】genre

【釋】n. 拉緊，拉力 (the state of being pulled tightly)

【例】The rope broke under the strain.

【釋】v. 扭傷 (wrench)

【例】He strained his back during a practice session.

innovation /??n??ve??n/

【釋】n. 革新 (introduction of new ideas, methods, etc.)

【例】No appliance manufacturer can survive without an ongoing commitment to innovation.

【近】change, revolution

trail /tre?l/

【釋】n. 痕跡 (trace, mark)

【例】a trail of blood

【釋】v. 追蹤 (follow)

【例】be trailed by the police

extension /?k?sten?n/

【釋】n. 延長部分；延期 (a part added to enlarge or prolong)

【例】I’m going to ask for an extension on this essay.

【近】addition, adjunct, annex

remarkable /r??mɑ?rk?bl/

【釋】adj. 卓越的 (incredible, notable)

【例】a remarkable achievement

【近】exceptional, marvelous

extensive /?k?stens?v/

【釋】adj. 廣泛的 ( large in amount or scale)

【例】The blast caused extensive damage, shattering the ground-floor windows.

strip /str?p/

【釋】v. 除去；脫去衣服 (remove all coverings from)

【例】They ordered us to strip and lie down on the grass.

【近】remove

【反】assemble

intervention /??nt?r?ven?n/

【釋】n. 干涉；妨礙 (interference)

【例】People resented his repeated interventions in the debate.