- 四級(jí)詞匯分頻精講速記
- 新東方考試研究中心
- 8135字
- 2019-01-05 08:08:42
List 3
amount [?ˋmaunt]
n. 數(shù)量,總額
v. 總計(jì)
【例】 an amount of 大量的:Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice. 消費(fèi)者面臨大量令人困惑的選擇。
amount to 總計(jì),共達(dá):Time lost through illness amounted to 357 working days. 因生病而損失掉的工作日達(dá)357天。
【考】 a high amount 大量;amount of... …的總數(shù)
apart [?ˋpɑ?t]
ad. 相間隔;分開,除去
a. 分離的,分隔的
【例】 apart from 除了:Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the food there? (2006.6) 除了享用那里的美食,美國人喜歡去國際餐廳還有什么別的原因呢?
tell apart 分辨:You can hardly tell apart far objects in foggy days. 在霧天里你很難分辨遠(yuǎn)處的物體。
aside [?ˋsaid]
ad. 在旁邊,到(或向)一邊
【例】 put aside 將某物放在一邊;將某事暫停:Considering your salary, you should be able to put aside at least twenty dollars a week. (2005.1) 考慮到你的薪水,每星期你至少能攢20美元。
aside from 除…以外(別無);除…以外(尚有):Aside from hanging around in the street, there is nothing for me to do here. 在這兒,我除了在街上閑逛沒有其他事情可做。
attribute [?ˋtribju?t]
vt. 把…歸因于,把(過錯(cuò)、責(zé)任等)歸于
[ˋ?tribju?t]
n. 屬性,特性
【例】 attribute to 把…歸結(jié)于:The fall in the number of deaths from cancer is generally attributed to improvements in medicine. 死于癌癥的人數(shù)之所以下降主要得益于醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步。
Martin possesses the essential attributes of a journalist. 馬丁具有記者所需的基本素質(zhì)。
【用】 區(qū)別形近詞contribute (捐助,捐獻(xiàn);貢獻(xiàn))。
【派】 attribution (n. 歸屬);attributive (a. 歸屬的,屬性的
n. 定語)
budget [ˋb?d?it]
n. 預(yù)算,預(yù)算撥款
vi. 編預(yù)算,做安排
vt. 規(guī)劃,安排
a. 低廉的,收費(fèi)公道的
【例】 budget for... 為…做預(yù)算;為…做規(guī)劃:Ten million dollars has been budgeted for the project. 這個(gè)方案的預(yù)算是1000萬美元。
education budget 教育預(yù)算 (2009.12) // The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. (2007.12) 從1998年至2003年,美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的預(yù)算翻了一番,但之后的增長速度卻比通貨膨脹的速度還要慢。
a budget hotel 價(jià)格便宜的賓館
【考】 the financial budget 財(cái)政預(yù)算
claim [kleim]
vt. 聲稱,斷言;對(duì)…提出要求,索取;(災(zāi)難等)使失蹤或死亡;需要
n. 認(rèn)領(lǐng),索賠;聲稱,斷言
【例】 lay claim to 聲稱對(duì)…有權(quán)利:After Mr. Brown died, four men lay claim to the villa. 布朗先生死后,有四個(gè)人聲稱擁有這棟別墅的所有權(quán)。
No organization has yet claimed responsibility for the bombing. 還沒有組織聲稱對(duì)這次爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé)。 // An earthquake of much intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. 1988年發(fā)生在美國的強(qiáng)烈地震導(dǎo)致25000人死亡。
【用】 切記沒有claim doing sth.的用法。
competition [?k?mpiˋti??n]
n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng),比賽
【例】 Competition for these jobs was intense. 這些工作的求職競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈。
complex [ˋk?mpleks]
a. 由許多部分組成的,復(fù)合的;復(fù)雜的,難懂的
n. 綜合體,集合體;情結(jié),夸大的情緒反應(yīng)
【例】 Retirement is a very complex transition period; you'd better start planning it earlier. 退休是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的過渡時(shí)期;你最好早點(diǎn)做準(zhǔn)備。 // The environmental problem is just one of the whole complex of issues. 環(huán)境問題只是眾多問題中的一個(gè)。
【派】 complexity (n. 復(fù)雜性)
consequence [ˋk?nsikw?ns]
n. 結(jié)果,后果;重要(性),重大
【例】 as / in consequence of 由于,因?yàn)椤木壒剩篗any birds have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical. 因?yàn)榻佑|這一化學(xué)物質(zhì),很多鳥都死了。
in consequence 因此,后果:The man was over the age limit and, in consequence, his application was rejected. 因?yàn)槌^了年齡限制,所以這名男子的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。
【考】 negative consequence 不良后果
【派】 consequent (a. 隨之發(fā)生的);consequently (ad. 因此);consequential (a. 隨之發(fā)生的)
crash [kr??]
vi. 碰撞,倒下,墜落;發(fā)出撞擊(或爆裂)聲;垮臺(tái),破產(chǎn)
n. 碰撞,墜落,墜毀;破裂聲,嘩啦聲
vt. 撞擊,砸碎;沖,闖
【例】 crash into 與…發(fā)生碰撞:The bus crashed into a tree before bursting into flames. 汽車在著火前撞到了樹上。
The police still do not have accurate information on the number of people killed or injured in the crash. 對(duì)于這次墜機(jī)事件的傷亡人數(shù),警方依然沒有準(zhǔn)確的信息。
despite [diˋspait]
prep. 不管,不顧
【例】 Many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age. 許多人盡管年紀(jì)比較大,但是精神上卻仍然年輕。// The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite her parents' strong objection. (2010.6) 這個(gè)16歲的女孩不顧她父母的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),決意要出國旅行。
【用】 despite與詞組in spite of意思相同,但切記沒有despite of sth.的用法。
estimate [ˋestimeit]
vt. 估計(jì),估量
[ˋestim?t]
n. 估計(jì),估量;評(píng)價(jià),看法
【例】 The expert estimates that about 30% of all useful land is affected by erosion here. 專家估計(jì)這里大約30%的有用土地受到了侵蝕。 // a rough estimate 粗估
【派】 underestimate (n. / v. 低估);estimation (n. 判斷,意見;估算)
exception [ikˋsep??n]
n. 例外
【例】 without exception 毫無例外地:People were very friendly during our trip without exception. 我們旅行中遇到的人毫無例外都很友好。
with the exception of 除…外:We all stood up, with the exception of Henry. 除了亨利外我們都站了起來。
【考】 take exception to 反對(duì),表示異議
exhaust [igˋz??st]
vt. 使精疲力盡;耗盡,用光;詳盡論述
n. 排氣裝置,排氣管,排氣孔;(排出的)廢氣,廢液
【例】 A full day's work really exhausts me. 一天的工作真的讓我筋疲力盡。 // As he has exhausted our patience, we'll not wait for him any longer. (2005.1) 他已經(jīng)把我們的耐心耗盡了,我們不再等他了。// A code of conduct is hard to create when you're living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep. (2008.12) 生活在每個(gè)人都因加班和睡眠不足而筋疲力盡的世界,(人們)很難創(chuàng)建行為規(guī)范。
【派】 exhausted?。╝. 精疲力竭的;耗盡的);exhausting (a. 使用盡的)
expense [ikˋspens]
n. 花費(fèi),價(jià)錢,費(fèi);[pl.]開支,業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)用
【例】 at the expense of 以…為代價(jià):The businessman doesn't want to devote too much time to his business at the expense of his health. 這位商人不想再以自己的健康為代價(jià)而在生意上花太多時(shí)間。
【考】 travel expenses 旅費(fèi)
【派】 expensive (a. 昂貴的,花錢多的)
expose [ikˋsp?uz]
vt. 暴露,顯露;使處于…作用 (或影響)之下,曝光;揭露,揭發(fā)
【例】 expose to 使處于…作用:The parents exposed their daughters to classical music. 這對(duì)父母讓他們的女兒們接受古典音樂的熏陶。
Three high school students started a website in order to expose officials who neglected their duties. (2005.12) 三名高中生建立一個(gè)網(wǎng)站,用來揭露失職的官員。
【考】 expose sth. / sb. to sth. 將…暴露,揭露…
extensive [ikˋstensiv]
a. 廣泛的,大量的;廣大的,廣闊的
【例】 the extensive use of fertilizer 肥料的廣泛使用 // extensive knowledge 廣博的知識(shí)
extent [ikˋstent]
n. 程度,范圍,限度;廣度,寬度
【例】 to some extent 某種程度上:To some extent, their parents' distrust is understandable. 從某種程度上講,他們父母的不信任是可以理解的。
【考】 to the extent 在某種程度上;to a large extent 很大程度上
function [ˋf??k??n]
n. 功能,職能;重大聚會(huì)(或宴會(huì));函數(shù),隨他物變化而變化的事物
vi. 運(yùn)行,起作用
【例】 Sometimes even a glass can function as an arm. 有時(shí)候甚至是玻璃杯都能用作武器。 // This car also functions as a house. 這輛車也能當(dāng)作房子用。
【派】 functional (a. 功能的)
impact [ˋimp?kt]
n. / [imˋp?kt]
v. 影響,作用;沖擊,碰撞
【例】 have an impact on 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響:The book had an impact on these children. 這本書對(duì)這些孩子們產(chǎn)生了影響。// In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child's language development than mothers, a new study suggests. (2009.12) 一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,在雙職工父母的家庭中,父親對(duì)孩子語言發(fā)展的影響比母親更大。
locate [l?uˋkeit]
vt. 探明,找出;使坐落于,把…設(shè)置在
【例】 At last, rescue workers located the missing visitors. 最后,救援人員找到了失蹤的旅客。 // The more a nation's companies locate factories abroad, the smaller that country's recorded exports will be. (2005.12) 一個(gè)國家有越多的公司在海外建廠,該國的出口量就越少。
【辨】 locate, lie
locate作“位于,使坐落于”講時(shí),常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),如be located in / at;lie作“位于”講時(shí),不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
negative [ˋneg?tiv]
a. 否定的;反面的,消極的;負(fù)的,陰性的
n. (照相的)負(fù)片,底片;負(fù)數(shù)
【例】 You should not just give a negative answer without any explanation. 你不應(yīng)該只給出否定的答復(fù)而不作任何解釋。 // a negative effect 消極作用 // For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. (2008.12) 每有一個(gè)顧客不滿意,商店將因?yàn)槠湄?fù)面評(píng)論而再失去三個(gè)顧客。
【用】 反義詞是positive(積極的)。
opportunity [??p?ˋtju?n?ti]
n. 機(jī)會(huì),時(shí)機(jī)
【例】 The classroom offers opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with cooperative, peaceful ones. (2007.12) 課堂為孩子們提供機(jī)會(huì),學(xué)著將憤怒、暴力的舉動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為合作、平和的行為。
per [p??]
prep. 每,每一
reader [ˋri?d?]
n. 讀者;讀物,讀本
scale [skeil]
n. 大小,規(guī)模;等級(jí),級(jí)別;
[pl.]天平,磅秤;比例(尺);刻度,標(biāo)度;(魚等的)鱗
vt. 攀登,爬越
【例】 scale down 按比例縮減:A shortage of money has forced them to scale down the project. 由于缺乏資金他們不得不縮減這項(xiàng)工程。
economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)
【派】 full-scale (a. 全方位的);scaled (a. 有鱗的)
shift [?ift]
v. 移動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)移;改變,轉(zhuǎn)變
n. 轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)變;(輪或換)班
【例】 When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends. (2005.12)當(dāng)我的興趣從太空轉(zhuǎn)向海洋時(shí),我從來沒有想過這會(huì)讓我的朋友們費(fèi)解。
night shift 夜班
【考】 shift from...to... 從…轉(zhuǎn)換到…
【派】 shifting (a. 運(yùn)動(dòng)的n. 移位)
alternative [??lˋt??n?tiv]
n. 替換物,選擇,供選擇的東西;選擇的自由
a. 兩者選一的,供選擇的;選擇性的
【例】 The company has no alternative but to sign the contract when facing such a strong opponent. 面對(duì)如此強(qiáng)大的對(duì)手,這家公司別無選擇,只能簽署合約。 An alternative book to study for the exam is Gone with the Wind. 可供備考的另一本書是《飄》。
【派】 alternatively (ad. 二選一地)
apartment [?ˋpɑ?tm?nt]
n. 一套公寓房間,房間
appeal [?ˋpi?l]
vi. 呼吁,懇求;有吸引力;上訴;訴諸,訴請(qǐng)裁決(或證實(shí)等)
vt. 將…上訴
n. 呼吁,懇求;申訴,上訴
【例】 appeal to 對(duì)…有吸引力;求助于,訴諸:Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. 廣告可以用來吸引消費(fèi)者,但不能強(qiáng)迫他們買東西。
have a great appeal for 對(duì)…有很大吸引力:This new type of laptop has a great appeal for the youth. 這種新型的筆記本電腦對(duì)年輕人很有吸引力。
The Red Cross starts a charity which appeals for the poor children in the area. 紅十字會(huì)為這個(gè)地區(qū)貧窮的孩子發(fā)起慈善援助呼吁。
【派】 appealing (a. 吸引人的;打動(dòng)人心的)
assume [?ˋsju?m; ?ˋsu?m]
vt. 假定,假設(shè),臆斷;承擔(dān),擔(dān)任;呈現(xiàn),采取
【例】 It seems reasonable to assume that this book was written around 60 AD. 假設(shè)這本書寫于公元60年好像是有道理的。// As a manager, he assumes responsibility for the performance of the entire contract. 作為經(jīng)理,他對(duì)全部合同的執(zhí)行情況承擔(dān)責(zé)任。// Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. (2008.12) 假設(shè)你活到自然死亡,在澳大利亞男性的壽命大概是78歲,那么你比女性平均少活5年。
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. 我們的身份隨著我們遇到不同的人而改變,而且這種改變貫穿我們的一生。
【派】 assumption (n. 假定;擔(dān)任)
capacity [k?ˋp?s?ti]
n. 容量,容積;才能,能力;身份,職位
【例】 The theater had a seating capacity of 400 people. 這個(gè)劇院可以容納400人。// Scientists found that children have a remarkable capacity to learn language. 科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子學(xué)習(xí)語言的能力很強(qiáng)。 // Roy will be working in an advisory capacity on this project. 羅伊在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中擔(dān)任顧問。
【考】 capacity for doing sth. / capacity to do sth. 做某事的能力
【辨】 capacity, ability
capacity意為“能力,才干”,主要指先天的能力,常指理解能力、接受能力和容忍能力等,形容物時(shí)可以指其容納能力,常用搭配是capacity for和capacity to do sth.;ability意為“能力,才干”,既可指先天的能力又可指后天的才能,既可指體力上的能力又可指腦力上的才干,常用來指實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力,后面跟to do sth.或in / for sth.,但不能使用ability of doing sth. 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。
communication [k??mju?niˋkei??n]
n. 交流,交際,通訊;
[pl.]通信(或交通)工具,交通聯(lián)系
【例】 Modern communications are enabling more people to work at home. 現(xiàn)代的通信工具讓更多的人可以在家辦公。
【用】 作“通信工具”或“交通工具”講時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
complicated [ˋk?mplikeitid]
a. 復(fù)雜的,難懂的
【例】 The plot was so complicated that I really got lost. (2008.6) 情節(jié)太復(fù)雜,我都糊涂了。
【派】 uncomplicated (a. 簡(jiǎn)單的)
【辨】 complicated, complex, intricate
complicated意為“復(fù)雜的,難解的”,主要指不容易理解或難處理的,強(qiáng)調(diào)各部分之間微妙的關(guān)系;complex意為“復(fù)雜的,難理解的,難解釋的”,指因各部分互相作用、互相聯(lián)系而讓人難以理解;intricate意為“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的,難理解的”,指因?yàn)楹芏嗖糠只蚣?xì)節(jié)交織在一起,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而難以理解,如an intricate computer。
concern [k?nˋs??n]
n. 關(guān)切的事,有關(guān)的事;關(guān)心,擔(dān)心;關(guān)系,關(guān)聯(lián);公司,企業(yè)
vt. 涉及,有關(guān)于;使關(guān)心,使擔(dān)心
【例】 be concerned about / with / to 對(duì)…關(guān)心,對(duì)…擔(dān)心:The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness:people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. 委員會(huì)擔(dān)心犯困產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn):工人導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)事故或是司機(jī)在駕駛時(shí)睡著。
concern oneself with sth. 使自己關(guān)心…:Mike loved his wife so much that he concerned himself with her needs and desires. 邁克深愛他的妻子,關(guān)心她的需求和愿望。
as / so far as...be concerned 就…而言:The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned. 從引擎來看,這輛車沒有問題。
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. (2008.6) 當(dāng)民意測(cè)試問到美國人隱私的問題時(shí),大多數(shù)人稱他們擔(dān)心失去隱私。
【派】 concerning (prep. 關(guān)于);unconcerned (a. 不關(guān)心的)
considerable [k?nˋsid?r?bl]
a. 相當(dāng)大(或多)的
【例】 It will take considerable effort to attract tourists to the area. 要吸引游客到這一地區(qū)旅游需要下大功夫。
【用】 切忌把considerable (相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的)與considerate (體諒的,考慮周到的)混淆。
consideration [k?n?sid?ˋrei??n]
n. 考慮,要考慮的事;體貼,關(guān)心
【例】 take into consideration 把…考慮進(jìn)去,考慮…:So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration.(2006.12) 因此這一研究結(jié)果給專業(yè)人士和家長提供了一個(gè)明確的信息:當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子出現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)和注意力問題時(shí),必須要考慮到睡眠問題。
give consideration to 給…以考慮:Wisdom is the ability to give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem. 智慧是對(duì)一個(gè)問題里所有可能因素進(jìn)行適當(dāng)考慮的能力。
My husband has never shown much consideration for my needs. 我丈夫從來沒有關(guān)心過我的需求。
【考】 in consideration of 考慮到,由于;作為對(duì)…的回報(bào)
contact [ˋk?nt?kt]
n. 接觸,聯(lián)系;熟人,社會(huì)關(guān)系;(電路的)觸點(diǎn),接頭
[k?nˋt?kt]
vt. 與…取得聯(lián)系,與…接觸
【例】 make / have contact with 與…取得聯(lián)系:The boy finally made contact with his friend in Paris. 最后男孩終于和巴黎的朋友取得了聯(lián)系。
To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address. (2007.6) 如要進(jìn)行捐贈(zèng)或了解更多信息,請(qǐng)按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系。
【用】 contact為及物動(dòng)詞,“與某人聯(lián)系”直接用contact sb.。
crisis [ˋkraisis]
n. 危機(jī),危急關(guān)頭;決定性時(shí)刻,關(guān)鍵階段
【例】 economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī):The speaker went for the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. 演講人探尋了導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的各種因素。
【用】 crisis的復(fù)數(shù)形式為crises。
current [ˋk?r?nt;ˋk??r?nt]
a. 當(dāng)前的;流行的,流傳的
n. (空氣、水等的)流,潮流;電流;趨勢(shì),傾向
【例】 ocean currents 洋流 // electrical currents 電流
【派】 currency (n. 流通;貨幣)
decade [ˋdekeid]
n. 十年,十年期
【例】 In the decade after 1993, e-commerce grew from an insignificant novelty to a mainstream business influence. (2010.6) 在1993年之后的十年中,電子商務(wù)從微不足道的新鮮事物發(fā)展成了當(dāng)代商務(wù)的主流。
differ [ˋdif?]
vi. 不同,相異;(在意見方面)發(fā)生分歧
【例】 differ from sb. / sth. 與…不同:People differ from one another in their ways to handle stress. 人們緩解壓力的方法各不相同。
Scientists differed on the causes of this disease. 科學(xué)家對(duì)這種疾病的起因存有分歧。
distinguish [disˋti?gwi?]
vt. 區(qū)別,辨別;看清,聽出;使杰出,使揚(yáng)名
【例】 distinguish oneself 使杰出,使揚(yáng)名:Steven distinguished himself as an actor before becoming a director. 在成為導(dǎo)演前,史蒂文作為演員而成名。
distinguish from 從…中辨別:Moods should be distinguished from emotions which are usually more intense, related to specific circumstances, and often conscious. (2007.12) 情緒應(yīng)該與情感相區(qū)別,后者通常更加強(qiáng)烈,與特定環(huán)境相關(guān),且通常是有意識(shí)的。
【派】 distinguishable (a. 可區(qū)別的);distinguished (a. 著名的);distinguishing (a. 有區(qū)別的)
entitle [inˋtaitl]
vt. 給…資格,給…權(quán)利;給 (書、文章等)題名
【例】 entitle sb. to 給某人以資格:You will also be entitled to medical and dental insurance. (2006.6) 你還將享有醫(yī)療及牙科保險(xiǎn)。
a film entitled “Spider-Man” 一部名為《蜘蛛俠》的電影
【用】 entitle sb. to后既可以跟名詞也可以跟動(dòng)詞原形。
【派】 entitled (a. 名為…的)
establish [iˋst?bli?]
vt. 建立,創(chuàng)辦,設(shè)立;確定,證實(shí),確立
【例】 Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U.S. to treat heavy Internet users. (2010.6) 自20世紀(jì)90年代以來,美國成立了一些專門治療嚴(yán)重上網(wǎng)成癮者的診所。// You've established a reputation in the international banking circles. (2014.6) 你已經(jīng)在國際銀行界建立了聲望。// The police was trying to establish whether Lena was telling the truth. 警方正在努力確定莉娜所說是否屬實(shí)。
【派】 establishment (n. 確立;建立;機(jī)構(gòu));established (a. 確定的)
【辨】 establish, build, construct, found
establish意為“建立,設(shè)立”,強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)固地建成,可以是具體的物品也可以是抽象的事物;build意為“建筑,建造”,最常用,既可指建造房子、道路、橋梁等具體建筑,又可指建立理論、體系等抽象事物;construct常與build通用,但更正式些;而found意為“建立,創(chuàng)立”,側(cè)重于奠基、打下基礎(chǔ)的意思。
harm [hɑ?m]
n. / vt. 傷害,損害,危害
【例】 do harm to sth. 危害…:The actor claimed that his job had done much harm to his marriage. 那位演員聲稱他的工作大大危害了他的婚姻。
【考】 come to no harm 未受到傷害
highly [ˋhaili]
ad. 高度地,極,非常;非常贊許地
【例】 a highly paid job 高收入工作
hunt [h?nt]
n. / v. 打獵,獵?。粚ふ?,搜尋;驅(qū)逐,追逐,追捕
【例】 go hunting 打獵:Shall we go hunting this weekend? 我們這周末去打獵嗎?
job hunting 求職
【考】 hunt down 對(duì)…窮追到底,追捕到;hunt for 尋找
【派】 hunter (n. 獵人)
injure [ˋind??]
vt. 傷害,損害,損傷
【例】 Be careful! Don't injure yourself during training. 小心!不要在訓(xùn)練中受傷。
【辨】 injure, hurt, harm, damage, destroy
injure意為“傷害,損害”,主要指對(duì)健康、名譽(yù)、情感、智力等的傷害;hurt“傷害,損害,損傷”,主要指用打擊或其他方法使肉體或精神痛苦;harm意為“傷害,損害”,既可指對(duì)人的肉體或精神的損害,也可指對(duì)具體或抽象事物的損害,強(qiáng)調(diào)造成的后果或損失;damage意為“損害,傷害”,主要指對(duì)沒有生命的物體的損害;destroy意為“破壞,毀滅”,強(qiáng)調(diào)完全徹底地破壞,常暗示不能或很難修復(fù)。
local [ˋl?uk?l]
a. 地方性的,當(dāng)?shù)氐?;局部的,狹隘的
n. [常pl.]
當(dāng)?shù)厝?,本地?/p>
【例】 local government 當(dāng)?shù)卣?// a local infection 局部傳染
manufacture [?m?njuˋf?kt??]
vt. (大量)制造,加工
n. 制造業(yè),(大量)制造;
[pl.]制造品,產(chǎn)品
【例】 The car was first manufactured in Britain in 1950. 1950年英國首次制造出這種車。 // the manufacture of weapons 武器制造
【派】 manufactured (a. 人造的)
owner [ˋ?un?]
n. 物主,所有人
phrase [freiz]
n. 短語,詞組,用語
vt. 用語言表達(dá),敘述
pressure [ˋpre??]
n. 壓 (力),壓強(qiáng);強(qiáng)制,壓迫
vt. 對(duì)…施加壓力(或影響),迫使,說服
【例】 under pressure of sth. 在…的壓力之下:American university students are usually under pressure of work because their academic performance will affect their future careers. 美國大學(xué)生經(jīng)常處于學(xué)習(xí)的壓力之下,因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)將影響未來的事業(yè)。
The manager was pressured by the board to resign. 董事會(huì)逼迫經(jīng)理辭職。
【考】 blood pressure 血壓
private [ˋpraivit]
a. 私人的,個(gè)人的;秘密的;私下的;私立的
n. 士兵,列兵
【例】 a private party 私人聚會(huì) // Don't tell anyone else what I told you, it's private. 別把我告訴你的話告訴別人,這是秘密。
【用】 private life 私人生活;in private 在私下,秘密地。
protection [pr?ˋtek??n]
n. 保護(hù),防護(hù)
【例】 And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.(2014.12) 妻子無處訴諸法律來保護(hù)自己免受家庭暴力的傷害。
【考】 protection against sth. 保護(hù)某物免受破壞
publish [ˋp?bli?]
vt. 發(fā)表;出版,刊印;公布
【例】 Simon's latest book of poetry will be published by May. 西蒙的最新詩集將于5月出版。
【派】 publisher (n. 出版商,發(fā)行人)
rarely [ˋre?li]
ad. 不常,難得
【例】 I very rarely do anything work-related, so it's easy to escape the markets.(2009.12) 我?guī)缀醪蛔鋈魏闻c工作相關(guān)的事情,這樣很容易就遠(yuǎn)離交易市場(chǎng)了。
【用】 注意當(dāng)rarely位于句首時(shí),要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
recognize [ˋrek?gnaiz]
vt. 認(rèn)出,識(shí)別;承認(rèn),確認(rèn),認(rèn)可;賞識(shí),表彰,報(bào)償
【例】 The witness recognized the criminal at once. 目擊證人立刻認(rèn)出了罪犯。 // Experts find many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery. (2004.6) 專家發(fā)現(xiàn)很多員工沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到恭維的必要性。// Exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee. (2009.12) 突出的運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)必須得到教練或裁判的認(rèn)可。
【考】 recognize sth. as sth. 把…認(rèn)作…
【派】 recognition (n. 認(rèn)出;承認(rèn);表彰);recognizable (a. 可辨認(rèn)的);recognized (a. 公認(rèn)的)
resource [riˋs??s]
n. [pl.]資源;財(cái)力;辦法,謀略
【例】 natural resources 自然資源 // financial resources 資金來源
【用】 注意區(qū)分形近詞 source (來源,水源)
【派】 resourcefulness(n. 足智多謀);resource-intensive(a. 資源密集的);resourceful (a. 機(jī)敏的;隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的)
reveal [riˋvi?l]
vt. 揭露,泄露;展現(xiàn),顯示
【例】 Jackson revealed confidence in this project. 在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上,杰克遜展露了信心。// In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. (2008.6) 在某些情況下,你在谷歌上簡(jiǎn)單搜索一下就能泄露你的想法。// A person's hair may reveal where they have lived. (2009.6) 一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)可以顯示他曾在哪里生活過。
spot [sp?t]
n. 地點(diǎn),處所;斑點(diǎn),污點(diǎn);少量
vt. 認(rèn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn);玷污
【例】 on the spot 在場(chǎng),到場(chǎng);立即,當(dāng)場(chǎng):In the company, everyone deals directly with the leader, who can make most decisions on the spot. 在這家公司,所有人都會(huì)直接和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)談,因?yàn)閷?duì)大多數(shù)問題他都能當(dāng)場(chǎng)決定。
The witness spotted the criminal in the crowd. 目擊證人在人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了那個(gè)罪犯。
【考】 spot sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事
【派】 spotless (a. 沒有污點(diǎn)的);spotted (a. 有斑點(diǎn)的,斑紋的)
staff [stɑ?f; st?f]
n. 全體職工,工作人員
vt. 為…配備人員
【例】 the hotel staff 旅館的全體工作人員 // The company needs to staff up new employees. 這家公司需要配備新員工。
【用】 staff是集合名詞,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的各個(gè)成員,謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。
【派】 staffing (n. 安置職工)
style [stail]
n. 風(fēng)格,文體;流行式樣,時(shí)尚;方式;式樣,類型
vt. (根據(jù)新款式)設(shè)計(jì)
【例】 out of style 過時(shí)的:Your hat is out of style. 你的帽子已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。
a severe style 樸實(shí)的文體
target [ˋtɑ?git]
n. 靶,目標(biāo)
v. 瞄準(zhǔn)
【例】 military targets 軍事目標(biāo) // The enemy's missiles were targeted on our capital. 敵人的導(dǎo)彈瞄準(zhǔn)了我們的首都。
After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. (2008.6) 在確定了產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的目標(biāo)群體之后,廣告商必須選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿浇閬碜鰪V告。
technology [tekˋn?l?d?i]
n. 工藝,技術(shù)
【派】 technological (a. 科技的,技術(shù)的)
title [ˋtaitl]
n. 標(biāo)題,題目;稱號(hào),頭銜;權(quán)利,權(quán)益
【例】 The title of this poem is “Nightingale”. 這首詩的標(biāo)題是《夜鶯》。
transform [tr?nsˋf??m]
vt. 使改觀,改革;換,把…轉(zhuǎn)換成
【例】 Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. (2014.6) 隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步,以及國內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)變化帶來的工資縮水、企業(yè)裁員的職業(yè)變革,在高等教育中大量投資的家長和畢業(yè)生們開始對(duì)就業(yè)前景感到擔(dān)憂。 // Since the open door policy, things in China have been greatly transformed. 自從對(duì)外開放以來,中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。
【辨】 transform, transfer, transmit, transport都含有trans-,但意義各不相同:
transform“trans改變+ form形狀”→改變,改造;轉(zhuǎn)化
transfer“trans轉(zhuǎn)移+ fer帶來”→轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)動(dòng);換車
transmit“trans穿過+ mit送”→傳輸,傳送;發(fā)射
transport“trans穿過+ port搬運(yùn)”→運(yùn)輸,傳送
【考】 transform sb. / sth. from sth. into sth. 將…由…轉(zhuǎn)換成…
【派】 transformation (n. 變化,轉(zhuǎn)化);transformer (n. 變壓器)
treatment [ˋtri?tm?nt]
n. 治療,療法;對(duì)待,待遇,處理
【例】 be under treatment 正在治療中:The patient is under treatment. 那個(gè)病人正在接受治療。
witness [ˋwitnis]
n. 目擊者,見證人;證據(jù),證言
vt. 目擊,注意到;為…作證,證明
【例】 eye witness 目擊者
Russia has witnessed many political changes in recent years. 俄羅斯近些年來經(jīng)歷了很多政治變化。
【考】 be a witness to sth. 是…的目擊者
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