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第3章 生如夏花(3)

愛,很好。因為愛是艱難的。當(dāng)一個人去愛另一個人,這也許是神給予我們的最艱難、最重大的任務(wù),是最后的考驗與測試,是最崇高的工作,別的工作都不過是為此而做的準備。所以那些一切都還剛剛開始的青年們還不能去愛,他們必須要學(xué)習(xí)。必須用他們整個的生命,用一切的力量,用集聚了他們寂寞、痛苦和榮譽感的心去學(xué)習(xí)愛。在學(xué)習(xí)時期這個長久而專注的過程中,愛就會永遠地銘刻心扉——深深的寂寞中孤獨地等待,是為了所愛的人。愛的要義并不是什么傾心、獻身,或二人的結(jié)合(那會是怎樣的一種結(jié)合呢?是一種糊涂的、不負責(zé)任的、輕率的結(jié)合)。它對于個人是一種崇高的動力,是去成熟并實現(xiàn)自身的圓滿,去完成一個世界,是為了另一個人而完成一個自己的世界,這是一個艱巨的、不可妥協(xié)的目標,用堅定的信念,向遠方召喚。青年們應(yīng)把愛當(dāng)做他們的課業(yè)、他們工作的意義,并在其中(“晝夜不停地探索、錘煉”)使用那些給予他們的愛。至于傾心、獻身以及結(jié)合,還不是他們所能做的(他們還需長時間地克制、積累),那是最后的終點,也許是我們現(xiàn)在還幾乎不能達到的境界。

It is also good to love: because love is difficult. For one human being to love another human being: that is perhaps the most difficult task that has been entrusted to us, the ultimate task, the final test and proof, the work for which all other work is merely preparation. That is why young people, who are beginner sin everything, are not yet capable of love: it is something they must learn. With their whole being, with all their forces, gathered around their solitary, anxious, upward-beating heart, they must learn to love. But learning-time is always a long, secluded time ahead and far on into life, is solitude, a heightened and deepened kind of aloneness for the person who loves. Loving does not at first mean merging, surrendering, and uniting with another person (for what would a union be of two people who are unclarified, unfinished, and still incoherent). it is a high inducement for the individual to ripen, to become something in himself, to become world, to become world in himself for the sake of another person; it is a great, demanding claim on him, something that chooses him and calls him to vast distances. Only in this sense, as the task of working on themselves ( “to hearken and to hammer day and night”), may young people use the love that is given to them. Merging and surrendering and every kind of communion is not for them (who must still, for a long, long time, save and gather themselves); it is the ultimate, is perhaps that for which human lives are as yet barely large enough.

人類的故事

The Human Story

溫斯頓·丘吉爾 / Winston Churchill

當(dāng)歷史巨大的卷軸展開之時,許多錯綜復(fù)雜的事件出現(xiàn)了,而這些事件很難有效地納入我們這個時代人們的好惡模式之中。

人類的故事并不總是像數(shù)學(xué)運算一樣根據(jù)二加二等于四的原則展開。人的一生中,有時可能等于五或負三;有時,正算到一半,黑板倒塌,使全班陷于混亂,教師被砸得鼻青臉腫。

現(xiàn)在科學(xué)用一只手給我們奉獻了一個黃金年代,但同時又用另一只手給我們制造了一個厄運,我們自從石器時代以及任何人類歷史開始以來一點點建造起來的一切都將陷入困境。但我深信,人類的命運是非常積極向上的。我不相信我們將被扔進由自己才智發(fā)明所構(gòu)成的黑暗深淵中。務(wù)必要確保我們主宰那些發(fā)明,而不要被那些發(fā)明所主宰。

發(fā)明的用處應(yīng)該是治愈病人,為生活提供更多的食物和娛樂。如果它被用來幫助強者壓迫弱者,掠奪熟睡的人們,它就是懷著不虔誠的動機去利用真理。以這種方式褻瀆神靈的人們將遭到報應(yīng)和懲罰,因為他們的武器將反過來對付他們自己。

As the great scroll of history unrolls, many complicated incidents occur which it is difficult to introduce effectively into the pattern of the likes and dislikes of the epoch in which we live.

The human story does not always unfold like a mathematical calculation on the principle that two and two make four. Sometimes in life they make five or minus three; and sometimes the blackboard topples down in the middle of the sum and leaves the class in disorder and the pedagogue with a black eye.

Science, which now offers us a golden age with one hand, offers at the same time with the other the doom of all that we have built up inch by inch since the Stone Age and the dawn of any human annals. My faith is in the high progressive destiny of man. I do not believe that we are to be flung back into abysmal darkness of fiercesome discoveries which human genius has made let us make sure that they are our servants, but not our masters.

Its place in the healing of the sick, and in giving more food and leisure for life. When it helps the strong crush the weak, and rob those who are asleep, it is using truth for impious ends. Those who are thus sacrilegious will suffer and be punished, for their own weapons will be turned against them.

人的指導(dǎo)者

Man’s Guide

溫斯頓·丘吉爾 / Winston Churchill

溫斯頓·丘吉爾(1874—1965),英國傳記作家、歷史學(xué)家、政治家。生于牛津附近的布萊尼姆宮。1893年考入桑德斯特陸軍軍官學(xué)校,1895年,以少尉軍銜編入皇家第四騎兵團。1945年,在反法西斯勝利前夕,因保守黨在大選中失敗,丘吉爾失去首相職位。其后,他用六年時間完成了六卷本《第二次世界大戰(zhàn)回憶錄》。1951年,保守黨在選舉中獲勝,丘吉爾77歲高齡再次出任首相。1955年因年事高辭職退休,專心撰寫四卷本《英語民族史》。1965年1月因腦溢血辭世。

在人類歷史的這一時刻,對于自然力量的控制,人類已經(jīng)大大超越了以往所夢想的程度。如果人類希望的話,擺在他們面前的是一個和平與發(fā)展的黃金年代。他們僅僅需要征服最后也是最厲害的敵人——自己。

對一個人來說,唯一的指導(dǎo)者是他自己的良心,記憶唯一的護衛(wèi)是他行為的正直和真誠。如果在人生的旅途之中前行而沒有這個保護,是失之輕率的,因為我們常會被希望的破滅所嘲弄,但是有了這個保護,不管命運如何,我們可以永遠前進在榮譽的行列中。

我們將一起前行,前方的路很長。旅途中,我們可能會遇到一些黑暗而危險的幽谷,我們必須從那里經(jīng)過,而且還要與之進行艱苦的斗爭。但是只要我們堅持不懈——我們將堅持不懈——我們一定可以走出這些黑暗而危險的幽谷,進入一個人類前所未知的廣闊、溫暖而持久的光明世界。

Man in this moment of his history has emerged in greater supremacy over the forces of nature than has ever been dreamed of before. There lies before him, if he wishes, a golden age of peace and progress. He has only to conquer his last and worst enemy—himself.

The only guide to a man is his conscience; the only shield to his memory is the rectitude and sincerity of his actions. It is very imprudent to walk through life without this shield, because we are so often mocked by the failure of our hopes, but with this shield, however the Fates may play, we march always in the ranks of honor.

We shall go forward together. The road upward is long. There are upon our journey dark and dangerous valleys, through which we have to make and fight our way. But it is sure and certain that if we persevere, and we shall persevere, we shall come through these dark and dangerous valleys into a sunlight broader and more genial and more lasting than mankind has ever known.

美腿與丑腿

The Handsome and Deformed Leg

本杰明·富蘭克林 / Benjamin Franklin

本杰明·富蘭克林(1706—1790),18世紀美國最偉大的科學(xué)家,著名的政治家和文學(xué)家。他生于北美洲的波士頓,幼年家境貧窮,一生只受過兩年正式教育。八歲入學(xué),十歲輟學(xué),此后又當(dāng)了近十年的印刷工人。但他自學(xué)從未間斷過,從自然科學(xué)、技術(shù)方面的讀物到著名科學(xué)家的論文以及名家作品,無不涉獵。

1726年,他出版了《窮查理歷書》,當(dāng)時被譯成十二種文字,暢銷歐美各國,也奠定了他在文學(xué)上地位。獨立戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,他參加了第二屆大陸會議和《獨立宣言》的起草工作。

1790年4月17日,深夜11點,富蘭克林溘然逝去。他一生最真實的寫照是他自己所過的一句話“誠實和勤勉,應(yīng)該成為你永久的伴侶。”本文是作者于1780年創(chuàng)作的,當(dāng)時他正在法國為國事奔走,卻仍然有閑情雅致寫這種輕松的文章,此文足以窺見作者美國式的幽默和機智。

這世上有兩種人,他們擁有著同樣的健康、財富以及其他生活上的享受,但是,一種人快樂,另一種人卻煩惱。這很大程度上緣于他們對事物的觀點不同,比如對人和對事,因此產(chǎn)生了快樂和煩惱的差別。

人無論處于什么境地,總是會遇到“幸”與“不幸”。不管在什么場合,與什么樣的人接觸并進行交流,總有讓他開心或煩心的;無論在什么樣的餐桌前吃飯,酒肉總有對味和不對味的,餐具也總有精致和粗糙的;無論在什么氣候下,他們總能遭遇好天氣或壞天氣;無論哪個政府統(tǒng)治,法律條文總有好壞之分;再偉大的詩句或著作中,總能挑出精彩的和平庸的;差不多每一個人的臉上,都有美麗和難看的地方,每一個人,也總有優(yōu)點和缺點。

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